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Deep Back Flashcards

1
Q

Splenius capitis origin

A

Ligament nuchae

Spinous process of C7-T3

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2
Q

Splenius capitis insertion

A

Occipital bone, mastoid process

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3
Q

Splenius cervicis origin

A

Spinous process of T3-T6

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4
Q

Splenius cervicis insertion

A

Transverse process of C2-C4

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5
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum origin

A

Common tendon of erector spinae

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6
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum insertion

A

Angle of ribs 6-12

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7
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis origin

A

Lower 6 ribs

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8
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis insertion

A

upper 6 ribs

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9
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis origin

A

Ribs 3-6

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10
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis insertion

A

Transverse process of C4-C6

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11
Q

Longissimus thoracis origin

A

Part of common tendon of erector spinae group

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12
Q

Longissimus thoracis insertion

A

Lower 9 ribs

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13
Q

Longissimus cervicis origin

A

Transverse process of T1-T5

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14
Q

Longissimus cervicis insertion

A

Transverse process of C2-C6

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15
Q

Longissimus capitis origin

A

Tendon of insertion of longissimus cervicis (C2-C6)

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16
Q

Longissimus capitis insertion

A

Mastoid process

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17
Q

Spinalis thoracis origin

A

Spine of T11-L2

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18
Q

Spinalis thoracis insertion

A

Spine of T1-T4

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19
Q

Semispinalis cervicis origin

A

Transverse process of T1-T6

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20
Q

Semispinalis cervicis insertion

A

Spine of C2-C5

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21
Q

Semispinalis capitis origin

A

Transverse and articular processes of T1-T6

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22
Q

Semispinalis capitis insertion

A

Occipital bone

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23
Q

Long rotators origin

A

Transverse processes

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24
Q

Long rotators insertion

A

Spinous processes of 2nd vertebrae above

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25
Q

Short rotators origin

A

Transverse processes

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26
Q

Short rotators insertion

A

Spinous process of vertebrae above

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27
Q

Oblique capitis inferior origin

A

Spine of axis (C2)

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28
Q

Oblique capitis inferior insertion

A

Transverse process of atlas (C1)

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29
Q

Oblique capitis superior origin

A

Transverse process of atlas (C1)

30
Q

Oblique capitis superior insertion

A

Occipital bone

31
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major origin

A

Spine of axis (C2)

32
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major insertion

A

Occipital bone

33
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor origin

A

Posterior tubercle of atlas (C1)

34
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor insertion

A

Occipital bone

35
Q

Muscles of deep back develop from

A

mesoderm germ layer - myoblast cells

36
Q

Myotomes divide into

A

Epaxial (dorsal) division

Hypaxial (ventral) division

37
Q

Muscles derived from epaxial division are

A

Deep extensor muscles of back

38
Q

Nerves supplying epaxial division muscles are

A

dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

39
Q

Nerves supplying hypaxial division are

A

ventral primary rami

40
Q

Muscles derived from hypaxial division are

A

Infrahyoid
Flexor muscles of vertebral column
Quadratus lumborum

41
Q

Deep back muscles function to

A

maintain posture and balance

move back - flexsion, extension, rotation

42
Q

Back strains

A

results from extensive extension and rotation

microscopic tearing of muscle cells or ligaments

43
Q

Splenius group

A

posterior midline of back
proceeds laterally and superiorly to insertion
Most superficial intrinsic muscles of posterior part of neck

44
Q

Erector spinae group

A

posterior midline of back or more laterally
rung longitudinally
Largest muscle mass of back

45
Q

Transversospinalis group

A

arise laterally
travel toward midline to insertion
deeper to erector spinae group
originate from transverse processes and proceed to spinous processes of more superiorly located vertebrae

46
Q

Suboccipital muscles

A

movement of head and neck

47
Q

Superficial layer

A

Erector spinae and splenius muscles

48
Q

Intermediate layer

A

2 parts of Transversospinalis - semispinalis and multifidus

49
Q

Deep layer

A

Segmental muscles and suboccipital muscles

50
Q

Splenius capitis

A

partly covered by trapezius and SCM
Upper and larger of two splenius muscles
superiolaterally from origin and attach to skull

51
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

narrow muscle below and parallel to splenius capitis

no fibers attach to skull

52
Q

Common tendon of origin

A

attached to Sacrum, iliac crest, and spinous process of lumbar and last two thoracic vertebrae

53
Q

Chief extensor of vertebral column is

A

Erector spinae group (Sacrospinalis)

54
Q

Iliocostalis

A

associated with ribs
lumborum, thoracis, and cervicis parts
most lateral column of erector spinae group

55
Q

Longissimus

A

associated with transverse processes of vertebrae
thoracis (largest part), cervicis, and capitis parts
Intermediate division
lower part blends with iliocostalis lumborum muscle

56
Q

Spinalis

A

most medial and smallest division of erector spinae
usually only thoracic part is present
Spinous processes

57
Q

Action of erector spinae group

A

Bilaterally extend head and vertebral column
Unilaterally laterally flex head and vertebral column
Chief extensor of vertebral column

58
Q

Semispinalis

A

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis groups
span over 4-6 vertebrae
lacking in lumbar region
superficial to multifidus

59
Q

Multifidus

A

Deeper to semispinalis
thickest in lumbar area, but present throughout back
Ends in cervical region
Sacral and lumbar areas covered by erector spinae; thoracic and cervical areas covered by semispinalis
Cover 2-4 vertebrae

60
Q

Segmental muscles

A

Deepest part of transversospinalis group
Better developed in cervical and lumbar regions
Includes Interspinalis, Intertransversarii, and Rotators

61
Q

Interspinalis

A

cervical and lumbar regions

Stretch between adjacent spinous processes from C2-T1/L1-L5

62
Q

Intertransversarii

A

Run vertically between adjacent transverse processes

in cervical and lumbar regions

63
Q

Rotators

A

Span one (short/Brevis) or two vertebrae (Long/Longus)
Best developed in thoracic region
Transverse to spinous processes

64
Q

Suboccipital triangle formed by

A

Oblique capitis inferior, Oblique capitis superior, and Rectus capitis posterior major

65
Q

All suboccipital muscles are supplied by

A

suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)

66
Q

Greater occipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C2) emerges from

A

below oblique capitis inferior & crosses muscle to innervate back of skull - sensory to posterior part of scalp
Does not innervate any muscles of suboccipital triangle

67
Q

Flexion

A

anterior trunk m.
gravity
back muscles act as antagonist - gradually relax for smooth movement

68
Q

Extension

A

All deep back muscles except intertransversarii

69
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Intertransversarii m.
Splenius capitis and cervicis rotate head to same side and laterally flex neck
Erector spinae initiates lateral flexion unilaterally
Opposite side m. help by relaxing gradually

70
Q

Rotation

A

Multifidi, rotators, and semispinalis m. rotate trunk to opposite side
Splenius and erector spinae extend trunk and rotate to same side
Oblique capitis inferior and rectus capitis posterior major/minor rotates atlas and turns head to same side
Oblique capitis superior and rectus capitis posterior major/minor extend head bilaterally and flex it to same side unilaterally

Anatomy (20 decks)

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