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Anatomy > Exam 4: Inguinal Canal > Flashcards

Exam 4: Inguinal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

thin visceral layer surrounding each testicle

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2
Q

tunica albuginea

A

tough inner layer surrounding each testicle, uner tunica vaginalis

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3
Q

Sperm are formed in the

A

seminiferous tubules

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4
Q

Sperm moves from the seminiferous tubules to the

A

straight tubules, then the rete testes, to the efferent ductules

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5
Q

Epidermis

A

storage space for sperm

Has head, body, and tail

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6
Q

Tail of the epidermis leads to the

A

ductus (vas) deferens - carries the sperm and eventually semen to urethra

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7
Q

Inguinal canal

A

passageway in inguinal region through which the spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females transverse the abdominal wall

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8
Q

The inguinal canal is bounded by the

A

inguinal ligament on the anterolateral side

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9
Q

Three arches of inguinal canal are formed by

A

the three abdominal muscle layers (transversus abdominus, internal oblique, and external oblique)

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10
Q

Deep ring

A

marked by the transversalis fascia (prior to muscles)

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11
Q

Superficial ring

A

marked by external oblique fascia

Where the spermatic cord exits into the scrotum

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12
Q

Anterior border of inguinal canal

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique

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13
Q

Floor of inguinal canal

A

inguinal ligament (from external oblique)

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14
Q

Floor of inguinal canal medially

A

lacunar ligament

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15
Q

Posterior border of inguinal canal

A

Transversalis fascia

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16
Q

Medial posterior border of inguinal canal

A

conjoint tendon

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17
Q

What layers of the abdominal wall are not present in the scrotum?

A

Camper’s fascia and transversus abdominus muscle (arches over canal)

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18
Q

Scarpa’s fascia in the abdominal wall becomes what in the scrotum?

A

Dartos muscle and fascia

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19
Q

External oblique m. in the abdominal wall becomes what in the scrotum?

A

External spermatic fascia

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20
Q

Internal oblique m. in the abdominal wall becomes what in the scrotum?

A

Cremasteric muscle and fascia

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21
Q

Transversalis fascia in the abdominal wall becomes what in the scrotum?

A

Inner spermatic fascia

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22
Q

Parietal peritoneum in the abdominal wall becomes what in the scrotum

A

Tunica vaginalis

23
Q

Cremasteric muscle

A

Layer of muscle on spermatic cord
Pulls testes up to body to equalize temperature
Innervated by genital branch of genitofermoral n (L1-L2)

24
Q

Dartos muscle

A

wrinkly muscle
equalizes temperature of testes
innervated by sympathetics running with ilioinguinal and posterior scrotal nerves

25
Q

Inguinal ligament runs from

A

PSIS to pubic tubercle, lining inguinal canal

26
Q

Conjoint tendon

A

where transverse abdominis and external oblique meet

27
Q

Pyramidalis muscle

A

innervated by subcostal T12

28
Q

Testicular artery

A

comes off aorta just below renal arteries - goes through inguinal canal to oxygenate testicles;
Ovarian a. in females doesn’t go through inguinal canal

29
Q

Testicular vein

A

Comes from Pampiniform plexus, right goes to IVC, left goes into left renal vein

30
Q

Cremasteric artery

A

comes from the inferior epigastric a., oxygenates the cremaster m.

31
Q

Ductus deferens a.

A

comes from the inferior vesicular a.

Oxygenates the ductus deferens

32
Q

Pampiniform plexus

A

network formed by about 12 veins that converge superiorly as left or right testicular veins
Countercurrent heat exchange system - veins come up, wrap around, and cool artery
Veins take heat away from artery to body

33
Q

Genital branch of the genitofemoral n. (L1-L2)

A

innervates cremaster muscle

34
Q

Sympathetic nerves in the inguinal canal

A

Accompany testicular a. and ductus deferens
Innervate Dartos m.
Run with ilioinguinal and posterior scrotal n.
Not in spermatic cord, but are in inguinal canal

35
Q

Parasympathetics in inguinal canal

A

from pelvic splanchnics S2-S4 on ductus deferens

36
Q

Gubernaculum

A

Gets testes down into scrotum

Ligamentous structure that attaches developing testis/ovary, and scrotal/labial folds

37
Q

During 7th week of development

A 
parietal peritoneum (processus vaginalis) invaginates body wall next to gubernaculum
Passively pulls testicles down
38
Q

By 8th month of development

A

testes are about half way through inguinal canal but not in scrotum yet

39
Q

By 9th month of development

A

testes descend into scrotum

40
Q

In females, the gubernaculum

A

pulls the ovaries down, but stops short of the pelvic brim

Also becomes the ovarian ligament (cranially) and round ligament inside labia majora (caudally)

41
Q

In females the cremaster muscle

A

is short loops around the round ligament

42
Q

Round ligament

A

found in the labia majora

43
Q

Direct Hernias

A

through Hasselbach’s triangle, pushing through peritoneal and transversalis fascia
can be contained by the external oblique or push through the superficial ring and into scrotum
Will not go in spermatic cord

44
Q

Indirect (congenital) Hernias

A

pass through the patent processus vaginalis, alongside spermatic cord
Bowel herniation or peritoneum goes through and inside spermatic cord
More common in younger males

45
Q

Femoral Hernias

A

below inguinal ligament where the femoral vessels push through femoral ring
Equally likely to be in males and females

46
Q

Hydrocele

A

serous fluid builds up in tunica vaginalis

Can cause hernia

47
Q

Hematocele

A

blood builds up within tunica vaginalis

Can cause hernia

48
Q

Sebaceous cysts

A

cyst within epidermis

related to infection of a hair follicle

49
Q

Spermatocele

A

cyst within head of epididymis

Cause of most lumps in testes

50
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

failure of testes to properly descend

Most descend on their own within 1 year of birth

51
Q

Monorchidism

A

only one testicle

52
Q

Polyorchidism

A

more than 2 testicles

53
Q

Ectopic testes

A

testes that deviate from normal path and lodge somewhere in the abdominal cavity

Anatomy (20 decks)

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