Exam 5 Joints Flashcards
Medial longitudinal arch
Made of calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, & 3 medial metatarsals
Higher than lateral longitudinal arch - never touches ground
Supported by calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament & plantar aponeurosis
Lateral longitudinal arch
Made of calcaneus, cuboid, & lateral 2 metatarsals
Flatter than medial arch, rests on ground when standing
Supported by long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, & aponeurosis
Transverse arch
Runs from side to side
Formed by cuboid, 3 cuneiforms, & bases of all metatarsals
Ankle (talocrural) joint
Between 3 bones: Trochlea of talus, tibia, & fibula
Tibia & Fibula form box that trochlea of talus fits into
Can dorsiflex & plantar flex - becomes more stable during dorsalflexion
Articular capsule
Surrounds joint cavity
Thin anteriorly & posteriorly
Strong medially & laterally - strengthened by Deltoid & Lateral ligament
Deltoid ligament
Medial side of ankle joint
4 distinct bands that connect tibia to talus, navicular, & calcaneus
Very strong band - almost never tears (can break bone)
Lateral ligament
Lateral side of ankle joint
3 bands - connect fibula to talus & calcaneus
Weaker than deltoid lig. - most ankle sprains are inversion injury
Subtalar joint (Talocalcaneal)
Talus rests on calcaneus
Permits inversion & eversion
Transverse tarsal joints (talocalcaneonavicular & calcaneocuboid)
Permits inversion & eversion of foot
Tarsometatarsal joints
4 anterior tarsal bones with bases of metatarsals
Intermetatarsal joints
Articulation between bases of metatarsals
Permits slight gliding movements
Metatarsal phalangeal joints
Articulation between heads of metatarsals and bases of proximal phalanges
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, & rotation
Interphalangeal joints
Flexion & extension
Lunate surface
articular surface of acetablum
Acetabular fossa
deepest part of acetablulum - femur doesn’t reach, filled with vessels
Iliofemoral (iliotrochanteric) ligament
Anterior ligaments, strongest & widest
Lies in front of joint
Triangular shaped
Apex attached to AIIS, base attached to intertrochanteric line on femur
Stops hip joint from hyperextension & external rotation
Maintains upright posture
Pubofemoral (pubocapsular) ligament
Guards anterior part of joint
Base attached to superior ramus of pubis & obturator crest
Apex blends with iliofemoral ligament
Stops hyperextension, hyperabduction, & external rotation
Ischiofemoral (ischiocapsular) ligament
Posterior, spiral arrangement
Attaches body of ischium behind acetablum to femur neck below greater trochanter
Becomes tense during extension of femur - stops hyperextension & internal rotation
Ligament captis femoris
Attached to fovea capitis femoris (non-cartilaged head of femur) & transverse ligament
Lies within hip joint covered by synovial membrane
Tense when flexed thigh is adducted
Not much function in adults - in kids, branch of obturator a. travels through ligament to head of femur
Acetabular labrum
Fibrocartilaginous rim attached to margin of acetabulum
Makes joint more stable
Transverse acetabular ligament
Continuation of acetabular labrum across acetabular notch
No cartilage cells
Synovial membrane
lines articular capsule & covers portion of neck of femur located in joint capsule
Head of femur supplied by
obturator a., medial & lateral circumflex femoral a., inferior gluteal a., superior gluteal a., & 1st perforating a.
Knee joint type
Condyloid joint (synovial hinge, but some rotation & gliding is possible)
Patella articulates with
Femur only
Quadriceps tendon
Medial & lateral patellar retinacula
Encloses patella
Bursa below tendon
Patellar ligament
From patella to tuberosity of tibia
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
Cord like
Covered by tendon of biceps femoris (divides to go on both sides of ligament)
Lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
Not attached to lateral meniscus
Stabilize knee joint, tight during extension
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
Flat band, crossed by tendons of gracilis, semitendinosus, & sartorius
From medial epicondyle of femur to medial surface of tibia
Attached to medial meniscus
Stabilize knee joint, tight during extension
Oblique popliteal ligament
Expansion of tendon of semimembranosus muscle
Strengthens posterior joint capsule
Medial condyle of tibia to lateral condyle of femur
Arcuate popliteal ligament
Over tendon of popliteal muscle to attach to intercondylar area of tibia & to fibular head
Coronary ligament
deep fibers of capsule attached to menisci
Transverse ligament
Connect two menisci anteriorly
Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL)
Longer but weaker of two
From anterior interchondral fossa of tibia to lateral condyle of femur
Stops hyperextension at knee
Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL)
Shorter, stronger
From posterior interchondral fossa of tibia to medial condyle of femur
Stops hyperflexion at knee
Menisci
C-shaped lamellae of fibrocartilage between femoral & tibial condyles - to deepen cavity
Attached to tibial condyles, thicker on edges
Blood supply to knee joint
Genicular anastomosis
Middle genicular a. penetrates capsule & supplies intercondylar structures
Baker’s cyst
Synovial fluid escapes into popliteal fossa
Painful swelling behind knee
Ligament sprains
most common knee injury
Medial side worse because tears medial meniscus
Unhappy triad
Medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus & ACL all torn
Hit from lateral side of knee - ruptures medial side (opens up joint)
Anterior & posterior drawer signs
Find tears in ACL/PCL
Anterior - ACL (skiing accident)
Posterior - PCL (car accident)
Nerves to hip
Femoral, obturator, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, sciatic
Nerves to knee
Femoral, obturator, common peroneal, & tibial
