Exam 5 Joints Flashcards by Brynn Ehlers

Medial longitudinal arch

Made of calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, & 3 medial metatarsals
Higher than lateral longitudinal arch - never touches ground
Supported by calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament & plantar aponeurosis

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Lateral longitudinal arch

Made of calcaneus, cuboid, & lateral 2 metatarsals
Flatter than medial arch, rests on ground when standing
Supported by long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, & aponeurosis

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Transverse arch

Runs from side to side

Formed by cuboid, 3 cuneiforms, & bases of all metatarsals

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Ankle (talocrural) joint

Between 3 bones: Trochlea of talus, tibia, & fibula
Tibia & Fibula form box that trochlea of talus fits into
Can dorsiflex & plantar flex - becomes more stable during dorsalflexion

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Articular capsule

Surrounds joint cavity
Thin anteriorly & posteriorly
Strong medially & laterally - strengthened by Deltoid & Lateral ligament

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Deltoid ligament

Medial side of ankle joint
4 distinct bands that connect tibia to talus, navicular, & calcaneus
Very strong band - almost never tears (can break bone)

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Lateral ligament

Lateral side of ankle joint
3 bands - connect fibula to talus & calcaneus
Weaker than deltoid lig. - most ankle sprains are inversion injury

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Subtalar joint (Talocalcaneal)

Talus rests on calcaneus

Permits inversion & eversion

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Transverse tarsal joints (talocalcaneonavicular & calcaneocuboid)

Permits inversion & eversion of foot

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Tarsometatarsal joints

4 anterior tarsal bones with bases of metatarsals

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Intermetatarsal joints

Articulation between bases of metatarsals

Permits slight gliding movements

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Metatarsal phalangeal joints

Articulation between heads of metatarsals and bases of proximal phalanges
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, & rotation

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Interphalangeal joints

Flexion & extension

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Lunate surface

articular surface of acetablum

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Acetabular fossa

deepest part of acetablulum - femur doesn’t reach, filled with vessels

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Iliofemoral (iliotrochanteric) ligament

Anterior ligaments, strongest & widest
Lies in front of joint
Triangular shaped
Apex attached to AIIS, base attached to intertrochanteric line on femur
Stops hip joint from hyperextension & external rotation
Maintains upright posture

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Pubofemoral (pubocapsular) ligament

Guards anterior part of joint
Base attached to superior ramus of pubis & obturator crest
Apex blends with iliofemoral ligament
Stops hyperextension, hyperabduction, & external rotation

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Ischiofemoral (ischiocapsular) ligament

Posterior, spiral arrangement
Attaches body of ischium behind acetablum to femur neck below greater trochanter
Becomes tense during extension of femur - stops hyperextension & internal rotation

Ligament captis femoris

Attached to fovea capitis femoris (non-cartilaged head of femur) & transverse ligament
Lies within hip joint covered by synovial membrane
Tense when flexed thigh is adducted
Not much function in adults - in kids, branch of obturator a. travels through ligament to head of femur

Acetabular labrum

Fibrocartilaginous rim attached to margin of acetabulum

Makes joint more stable

Transverse acetabular ligament

Continuation of acetabular labrum across acetabular notch

No cartilage cells

Synovial membrane

lines articular capsule & covers portion of neck of femur located in joint capsule

Head of femur supplied by

obturator a., medial & lateral circumflex femoral a., inferior gluteal a., superior gluteal a., & 1st perforating a.

Knee joint type

Condyloid joint (synovial hinge, but some rotation & gliding is possible)

Patella articulates with

Femur only

Quadriceps tendon

Medial & lateral patellar retinacula Encloses patella Bursa below tendon

Patellar ligament

From patella to tuberosity of tibia

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

Cord like Covered by tendon of biceps femoris (divides to go on both sides of ligament) Lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula Not attached to lateral meniscus Stabilize knee joint, tight during extension

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

Flat band, crossed by tendons of gracilis, semitendinosus, & sartorius From medial epicondyle of femur to medial surface of tibia Attached to medial meniscus Stabilize knee joint, tight during extension

Oblique popliteal ligament

Expansion of tendon of semimembranosus muscle Strengthens posterior joint capsule Medial condyle of tibia to lateral condyle of femur

Arcuate popliteal ligament

Over tendon of popliteal muscle to attach to intercondylar area of tibia & to fibular head

Coronary ligament

deep fibers of capsule attached to menisci

Transverse ligament

Connect two menisci anteriorly

Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL)

Longer but weaker of two From anterior interchondral fossa of tibia to lateral condyle of femur Stops hyperextension at knee

Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL)

Shorter, stronger From posterior interchondral fossa of tibia to medial condyle of femur Stops hyperflexion at knee

Menisci

C-shaped lamellae of fibrocartilage between femoral & tibial condyles - to deepen cavity Attached to tibial condyles, thicker on edges

Blood supply to knee joint

Genicular anastomosis | Middle genicular a. penetrates capsule & supplies intercondylar structures

Baker's cyst

Synovial fluid escapes into popliteal fossa | Painful swelling behind knee

Ligament sprains

most common knee injury | Medial side worse because tears medial meniscus

Unhappy triad

Medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus & ACL all torn | Hit from lateral side of knee - ruptures medial side (opens up joint)

Anterior & posterior drawer signs

Find tears in ACL/PCL Anterior - ACL (skiing accident) Posterior - PCL (car accident)

Nerves to hip

Femoral, obturator, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, sciatic

Nerves to knee

Femoral, obturator, common peroneal, & tibial