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Anatomy > Exam 5 Joints > Flashcards

Exam 5 Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Medial longitudinal arch

A

Made of calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, & 3 medial metatarsals
Higher than lateral longitudinal arch - never touches ground
Supported by calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament & plantar aponeurosis

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2
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch

A

Made of calcaneus, cuboid, & lateral 2 metatarsals
Flatter than medial arch, rests on ground when standing
Supported by long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, & aponeurosis

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3
Q

Transverse arch

A

Runs from side to side

Formed by cuboid, 3 cuneiforms, & bases of all metatarsals

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4
Q

Ankle (talocrural) joint

A

Between 3 bones: Trochlea of talus, tibia, & fibula
Tibia & Fibula form box that trochlea of talus fits into
Can dorsiflex & plantar flex - becomes more stable during dorsalflexion

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5
Q

Articular capsule

A

Surrounds joint cavity
Thin anteriorly & posteriorly
Strong medially & laterally - strengthened by Deltoid & Lateral ligament

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6
Q

Deltoid ligament

A

Medial side of ankle joint
4 distinct bands that connect tibia to talus, navicular, & calcaneus
Very strong band - almost never tears (can break bone)

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7
Q

Lateral ligament

A

Lateral side of ankle joint
3 bands - connect fibula to talus & calcaneus
Weaker than deltoid lig. - most ankle sprains are inversion injury

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8
Q

Subtalar joint (Talocalcaneal)

A

Talus rests on calcaneus

Permits inversion & eversion

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9
Q

Transverse tarsal joints (talocalcaneonavicular & calcaneocuboid)

A

Permits inversion & eversion of foot

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10
Q

Tarsometatarsal joints

A

4 anterior tarsal bones with bases of metatarsals

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11
Q

Intermetatarsal joints

A

Articulation between bases of metatarsals

Permits slight gliding movements

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12
Q

Metatarsal phalangeal joints

A

Articulation between heads of metatarsals and bases of proximal phalanges
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, & rotation

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13
Q

Interphalangeal joints

A

Flexion & extension

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14
Q

Lunate surface

A

articular surface of acetablum

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15
Q

Acetabular fossa

A

deepest part of acetablulum - femur doesn’t reach, filled with vessels

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16
Q

Iliofemoral (iliotrochanteric) ligament

A

Anterior ligaments, strongest & widest
Lies in front of joint
Triangular shaped
Apex attached to AIIS, base attached to intertrochanteric line on femur
Stops hip joint from hyperextension & external rotation
Maintains upright posture

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17
Q

Pubofemoral (pubocapsular) ligament

A

Guards anterior part of joint
Base attached to superior ramus of pubis & obturator crest
Apex blends with iliofemoral ligament
Stops hyperextension, hyperabduction, & external rotation

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18
Q

Ischiofemoral (ischiocapsular) ligament

A

Posterior, spiral arrangement
Attaches body of ischium behind acetablum to femur neck below greater trochanter
Becomes tense during extension of femur - stops hyperextension & internal rotation

19
Q

Ligament captis femoris

A

Attached to fovea capitis femoris (non-cartilaged head of femur) & transverse ligament
Lies within hip joint covered by synovial membrane
Tense when flexed thigh is adducted
Not much function in adults - in kids, branch of obturator a. travels through ligament to head of femur

20
Q

Acetabular labrum

A

Fibrocartilaginous rim attached to margin of acetabulum

Makes joint more stable

21
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

Continuation of acetabular labrum across acetabular notch

No cartilage cells

22
Q

Synovial membrane

A

lines articular capsule & covers portion of neck of femur located in joint capsule

23
Q

Head of femur supplied by

A

obturator a., medial & lateral circumflex femoral a., inferior gluteal a., superior gluteal a., & 1st perforating a.

24
Q

Knee joint type

A

Condyloid joint (synovial hinge, but some rotation & gliding is possible)

25
Q

Patella articulates with

A

Femur only

26
Q

Quadriceps tendon

A

Medial & lateral patellar retinacula
Encloses patella
Bursa below tendon

27
Q

Patellar ligament

A

From patella to tuberosity of tibia

28
Q

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

A

Cord like
Covered by tendon of biceps femoris (divides to go on both sides of ligament)
Lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
Not attached to lateral meniscus
Stabilize knee joint, tight during extension

29
Q

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

A

Flat band, crossed by tendons of gracilis, semitendinosus, & sartorius
From medial epicondyle of femur to medial surface of tibia
Attached to medial meniscus
Stabilize knee joint, tight during extension

30
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament

A

Expansion of tendon of semimembranosus muscle
Strengthens posterior joint capsule
Medial condyle of tibia to lateral condyle of femur

31
Q

Arcuate popliteal ligament

A

Over tendon of popliteal muscle to attach to intercondylar area of tibia & to fibular head

32
Q

Coronary ligament

A

deep fibers of capsule attached to menisci

33
Q

Transverse ligament

A

Connect two menisci anteriorly

34
Q

Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

Longer but weaker of two
From anterior interchondral fossa of tibia to lateral condyle of femur
Stops hyperextension at knee

35
Q

Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

Shorter, stronger
From posterior interchondral fossa of tibia to medial condyle of femur
Stops hyperflexion at knee

36
Q

Menisci

A

C-shaped lamellae of fibrocartilage between femoral & tibial condyles - to deepen cavity
Attached to tibial condyles, thicker on edges

37
Q

Blood supply to knee joint

A

Genicular anastomosis

Middle genicular a. penetrates capsule & supplies intercondylar structures

38
Q

Baker’s cyst

A

Synovial fluid escapes into popliteal fossa

Painful swelling behind knee

39
Q

Ligament sprains

A

most common knee injury

Medial side worse because tears medial meniscus

40
Q

Unhappy triad

A

Medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus & ACL all torn

Hit from lateral side of knee - ruptures medial side (opens up joint)

41
Q

Anterior & posterior drawer signs

A

Find tears in ACL/PCL
Anterior - ACL (skiing accident)
Posterior - PCL (car accident)

42
Q

Nerves to hip

A

Femoral, obturator, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, sciatic

43
Q

Nerves to knee

A

Femoral, obturator, common peroneal, & tibial

Anatomy (20 decks)

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