Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Trachea begins at

A

C6, at the end of cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Trachea ends at

A

the sternal angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Trachea sits in front of

A

the esophagus, otherwise it is the most posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Right Primary Bronchus

A

wider, shorter, and more vertical than left

Azygous vein arches over it into SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Left Primary Bronchus

A

Passes inferolaterally, inferior to aortic artch

Anterior to esophagus and descending aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are you more likely to get something stuck in?

A

Right Primary Bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carina

A

keel-like ridge between orifices of primary bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Apex of lungs comes to

A

thoracic inlet - near neck - cervical surface of lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary fissure

A

Also called Oblique fissure

in both lungs, divides superior and inferior lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Secondary fissure

A

Also called transverse/Horizontal fissure
Found in right lung only
divides upper and middle lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Right lung

A

3 lobes, upper, middle, and lower

Oblique and Horizontal fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Left lung

A

2 lobes, upper and lower

Oblique fissure only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lingula

A

projection of upper lobe in left lung

right above it sits the heart in the cardiac notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cervical surface

A

Apex of lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Costal surface

A

faces ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mediastinal surface

A

Side with vessels

faces midline organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Diaphragmatic surface

A

base, sits on diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anterior border

A

fine edge on outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Posterior border

A

rounded ridge near vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inferior border

A

edge around diaphragm surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Roots of lungs

A

structures that go into hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pulmonary ligament

A

formed by reflection of parietal pleura as it becomes visceral pleura
Surrounds structures of root in lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

come from heart, thicker, usually more superior than veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

thinner than arteries

return blood to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Bronchus
thick tube that carries air | made of cartilage
26
Bronchia arteries and veins
come off aorta and enter lungs through tiny openings in bronchus cartilage Oxygenated arteries - right bronchial artery has one that branches inside left bronchial artery splits into two (superior and inferior) before entering bronchus
27
Nerves
afferent, stretch and irritant receptors
28
Hilum of lung
depression or pit at the part of the organ where vessels and nerves enter
29
Secondary (Lobar Bronchus)
3 branches right - Superior, Middle, Inferior | 2 branches left - Superior and Inferior
30
Segmental Bronchi
specific Bronchopulmonary segment - separated by avascular septa (wall incase of disease) and each have own artery, bronchus, and vein 10 in right lung and 8 in left Each can be surgically removed with out affecting function of other segments
31
Terminal Bronchioles
most distal segment - divide to form respiratory bronchioles that contain alveoli
32
Serous fluid
pleural fluid, reduces friction between pleural layers
33
Visceral pleura
inner layer of membrane, shiny | remains closely attached to the lung and can't be separated
34
Parietal pleura
outer layer of membrane | lines wall on thoracic body wall - does not move
35
endothoracic fascia
attaches Parietal pleura to thoracic wall
36
Cervical pleura
emerges through thoracic inlet
37
costal pleura
in contact with ribs
38
mediastinal pleura
in contact with mediastinal structures
39
diaphragmatic pleura
in contact with domes of diaphragm
40
Pleural cavity
space between two pleural membranes | lung fills up entire space
41
Pleural reflections
becomes visceral on lungs specific pleural surface that becomes another pleural surface form recesses that are potential spaces, within pleural cavity, which can fill with fluid
42
Costodiaphragmatic recess
between lung and diaphragm sharp edge normally don't see unless fluid filled
43
Pulmonary Plexus
Nerve innervation to lungs anterior and posterior plexi, related to carnia heavy intervation by both sympathetics and parasympathetics
44
Sympathetics
vasoconstrictors and bronchodilators
45
Parasympathetics
Vagus nerve - causes bronchials to constrict | Vasodilators, bronchoconstrictors, secretomotor, and afferents
46
Cough reflex
located around carina - irritant receptor
47
Respiratory control
stretch receptors located in bronchial tree
48
Touch and pain receptors are located in
respiratory epithelium
49
Nerve innervation to costal and cervical pleura
local intercostal nerves
50
Nerve innervation to mediastinal pleura
phrenic nerve
51
Diaphragmatic pleura
central - phrenic nerve | Peripheral - local intercostal nerves
52
Superficial lymphatic plexus
right underneath visceral pleura | drains lung and visceral pleura into superior and inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes
53
Deep lymphatic plexus
within lamina propria of bronchi There are no lymph vessels in alveoli Flow to pulmonary lymph nodes
54
Pulmonary lymph nodes
located along large branches of main bronchi | Flow to bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
55
Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
Hilar nodes | Flow to superior and inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes
56
Superior and inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes
Carinal nodes - connect two lungs - can spread lung cancer | Flow to bronchomediastinal lymph trunks
57
Bronchomediastinal lymph nodes
formed by vessels from parasternal, tracheobronchial, and anterior mediastinal lymph nodes Empty into Thoracic duct on left side and Right lymphatic duct on right side
58
Respiratory primordium begins at
28 days
59
Laryngotracheal groove
outgrowth from caudal end of ventral wall of the primordial pharynx, caudal to the 4th pair of pharyngeal puches
60
Laryngotracheal diverticulum
forms at end of 4th week ventral to caudal part of foregut elongates and is invested with splanchnic mesenchyme Formin end enlarges to form globular respiratory bud - trachea and bronchial buds
61
Primordial laryngeal inlet
opening of laryngotracheal tube into pharynx | Maintains communication with laryngotracheal diverticulum and pharynx
62
Tracheoesophageal folds
develop in the posteroinferior aspect of the laryngotracheal diverticulum Approach each other and fuse to become the tracheoesophageal septum
63
Tracheoesophageal septum
divides ventrally into the laryngotracheal tube and dorsally into the oropharynx and esophagus
64
Tracheoesophageal fistula
would occur if tracheoesophageal septum didn't fuse
65
Laryngotracheal tube
distal end - tracheal portion | differentiates into trachea - respiratory bud
66
Endodermal lining of laryngotracheal tube gives rise to
epithelium and glands of the trachea
67
Overlying splanchnic mesenchyme (mesoderm) of the laryngotracheal tube becomes
cartilage, connective tissue, and muscles of trachea
68
Primary bronchial buds
form as the tracheal bud continues to grow inferiorly - two outpouchings
69
Bronchial buds grow in what direction
laterally into the mesenchyme surrounding the pleuroperitoneal canals
70
Parietal pleura is formed from
Somatic mesoderm
71
Pseudoglandular Period
6-16 weeks resembles exocrine gland forms all major elements of lung except those involved in gas exchange - no respiration, so fetus can't survive
72
Canalicular Period
16-26 weeks Lumina of bronchi and terminal bronchioles become larger and lung tissue becomes highly vascular Respiratory bronchioles (2 or more) form from each terminal bronchiole Alveolar ducts (3 to 6) - tubular passages form Terminal saccules (primordial alveoli) - ends of resp. bronchioles, well vascularized
73
Terminal Sac Period
26 weeks - birth Capillaries start to bulge into terminal sacs - allows for gas exchange Develop blood-air barrier Type I alveolar cells - pneumocytes, air exchange occurs Type II alveolar cells - surfacant producing cells - facilitates expansion of terminal sacs
74
Alveolar Period
32 weeks to 8 years Development of alveoli - mostly complete by 3 but new alveoli may be added until 8 years After birth primordial alveoli increase in size forming mature alveoli (can't form additional primordial alveoli)

Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions