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Anatomy > Vertebrae > Flashcards

Vertebrae Flashcards

1
Q

Number of vertebrae in each portion of the vertebrae

A

_Cervical: 7 _Thoracic: 12 _Lumbar: 5 _Sacral: 5 fused _Coccygeal: 3-4

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2
Q

Pedicles

A

Base of the vertebral arch, attaches to the body

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3
Q

Laminae

A

Broad, thin plates that are connected to pedicles and spinous process

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4
Q

Transverse process

A

Project laterally from the pedicle/lamina junction

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5
Q

Spinous process

A

projects posteriorly from the junction of the lamina

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6
Q

Superior articular process

A

Superior projection near the pedicle lamina junction

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7
Q

Inferior articular process

A

Inferior projection from the lamina

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8
Q

Transverse foramina

A

Holes found in the transverse presses of the cervical vertebrae

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9
Q

Costal Facets

A

_2 on the body/pedicle junction, 1 on the transverse process _Found only on the thoracic vertebrae

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10
Q

Mammillary

A

On the posterior tip of the superior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae

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11
Q

Sacral Promontory

A

Most superior/anterior point/edge of S1 vertebrae

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12
Q

Anterior/posterior sacral foramina

A

Separate holes in the sacrum that are in continuity with each other via a canal

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13
Q

Median sacral crest

A

Ridge with 4 tubercles posterior

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14
Q

Sacral Canal

A

Anterior to the median sacral crest

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15
Q

Sacral Hiatus

A

Lack of fusion of the 5th sacral vertebrae, which allows for an inferior opening of the canal

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16
Q

Auricular surface

A

_Ear-shaped surface on the lateral surface of the sacrum _Articulates with the pelvis

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17
Q

Cornua

A

_Small horned coccygeal vertebra _Articulates with the sacrum

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18
Q

Atlas

A

_C1 _No body, no spinous process _Anterior/posterior arches with anterior/posterior tubercles

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19
Q

Axis

A

_C2 _has a Dens (pivot joint that articulates with the atlas)

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20
Q

Vertebra Prominens

A

C7 that has a long spinal process that is prominent

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21
Q

Primary Curvatures

A

_Concave anteriorly _First curvature seen in embryos/fetuses

22
Q

Secondary Curvatures

A

_Concave posteriorly _Develop in early childhood

23
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

_Fibrocartilaginous discs fused with hyaline cartilage _Are Symphyses b/t vertebrae _First is b/t C2/3, last b/t L5/S1

24
Q

Annulus Fibrosus

A

Outer, tough fibrocartilagenous ring of intervertebral disc with criss-crossed fibers to limit vertebral rotation

25
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

_Soft, inner part of intervertebral disc _Absorbs water when relaxed, loses water when compressed

26
Q

Uncovertebral Joints (of Luschka)

A

_Small cavities in the cervical intervertebral disc (appear around 10 y/o) _Occur b/t the unicate process of vertebrae

27
Q

Unicate Process

A

Process that comes off of the cervical vertebral body

28
Q

Facet Joints

A

_Aka Zygapophysial joints _Synovial joints b/t articular surfaces _Orientation determines ROM in joints _innervated by medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves (2 adj nerves per joint)

29
Q

Costovertebral joints

A

_T2-T8 articulate with 2 pairs of ribs _3 points of articulation: head of rib (2 points on upper and lower demifacets), Tubercle of rib (1 point on transverse process of vertebra)

30
Q

Sacroiliac joints

A

_Synovial joint b/t auricular surface on the sacrum and ilium _Transfers weight from the vertebral column to lower limb

31
Q

Anterior longitudinal Ligament

A

_C1-sacrum _Limits extension of vertebral column

32
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

_Posterior surface of vertebrae and intervertebral discs, but inside the vertebral canal _Narrows over V. bodies and widens over the IV discs throughout T and L _Does not cover all of the posterolateral portion of the IV discs, so herniation can occur _Limits flexion

33
Q

Ligament Flava

A

_C2-sacrum: interconnect laminae of adjacent vertebrae _highly elastic and bilateral _Resists separation b/t laminae during flexion and lat flexion and helps in restoring an erect posture post movements

34
Q

Transverse ligaments

A

_C1-sacrum: interconnect adjacent transverse processes _Often intertwined with intertransversarii muscles _Resists lateral flexion

35
Q

Interspinous ligaments

A

_C2-sacrum: between spinous processes _Resists flexion and rotation

36
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

_C7-Sacrum _Attaches tips of spinous ligaments _Changes into the ligamentum nuchae from occipital protuberance to C7 _resists flexion and rotation

37
Q

Ligamentum Nuchae

A

Expanded supraspinous ligament from C7 to Occipital protuberance

38
Q

Facet joint capsules

A

_Synovial joints _Capsule limits motion of joints, particularly rotation

39
Q

Vertebral Arterial blood supply

A

_Initial branches on anterolateral surfaces _Branches into periosteal and Equatorial

40
Q

Periosteal arterial blood supply

A

Supplies the periosteum

41
Q

Equatorial aterial blood supply

A

Supplies the outer layer of bone

42
Q

Posterior branch of aterial blood supply

A

Provide the periosteal branch and nutrient branches to the V arch elements

43
Q

Spinal arteries

A

_Enter thru the IV foramina _Provide branches to spinal cord/meninges _Nutrient arteries travel to the core of the vertebral bodies

44
Q

Internal vertebral plexus of veins

A

Initial drainage of venous blood

45
Q

External vertebral plexus of veins

A

Connects internal to segmental vein system

46
Q

Vertebral plexus connections

A

All plexuses connect to cranial dural sinuses and venous plexus in the pelvis (is a valveless system)

47
Q

Recurrent meningeal branches of spinal nerves

A

_Innervates the vertebral column on each side _Connects periosteum, annul fibrosi of IV discs, ligaments to meninges

48
Q

Proprioception

A

Body position by stretching/slackening of muscles and ligaments

49
Q

Associated factors with herniation

A

_more anterior positioning of nucleus pulpous _Annulus fibrosis is thinner posteriorly _Increased load on column (flexion) that compresses anteriorly _Lack of ligament support on the posterolateral surface of discs

50
Q

Lumbago

A

Shifts in the nucleus pulpous causes unequal force on joints causing violent muscle spams

51
Q

Radiculopathy

A

Compression of a near by nerve from herniation

52
Q

Siactica

A

Several roots contributing to the sciatic nerve are compressed

Anatomy (35 decks)

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