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Vertebrae Flashcards

1
Q

Number of vertebrae in each portion of the vertebrae

A

_Cervical: 7 _Thoracic: 12 _Lumbar: 5 _Sacral: 5 fused _Coccygeal: 3-4

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2
Q

Pedicles

A

Base of the vertebral arch, attaches to the body

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3
Q

Laminae

A

Broad, thin plates that are connected to pedicles and spinous process

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4
Q

Transverse process

A

Project laterally from the pedicle/lamina junction

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5
Q

Spinous process

A

projects posteriorly from the junction of the lamina

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6
Q

Superior articular process

A

Superior projection near the pedicle lamina junction

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7
Q

Inferior articular process

A

Inferior projection from the lamina

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8
Q

Transverse foramina

A

Holes found in the transverse presses of the cervical vertebrae

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9
Q

Costal Facets

A

_2 on the body/pedicle junction, 1 on the transverse process _Found only on the thoracic vertebrae

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10
Q

Mammillary

A

On the posterior tip of the superior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae

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11
Q

Sacral Promontory

A

Most superior/anterior point/edge of S1 vertebrae

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12
Q

Anterior/posterior sacral foramina

A

Separate holes in the sacrum that are in continuity with each other via a canal

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13
Q

Median sacral crest

A

Ridge with 4 tubercles posterior

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14
Q

Sacral Canal

A

Anterior to the median sacral crest

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15
Q

Sacral Hiatus

A

Lack of fusion of the 5th sacral vertebrae, which allows for an inferior opening of the canal

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16
Q

Auricular surface

A

_Ear-shaped surface on the lateral surface of the sacrum _Articulates with the pelvis

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17
Q

Cornua

A

_Small horned coccygeal vertebra _Articulates with the sacrum

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18
Q

Atlas

A

_C1 _No body, no spinous process _Anterior/posterior arches with anterior/posterior tubercles

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19
Q

Axis

A

_C2 _has a Dens (pivot joint that articulates with the atlas)

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20
Q

Vertebra Prominens

A

C7 that has a long spinal process that is prominent

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21
Q

Primary Curvatures

A

_Concave anteriorly _First curvature seen in embryos/fetuses

22
Q

Secondary Curvatures

A

_Concave posteriorly _Develop in early childhood

23
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

_Fibrocartilaginous discs fused with hyaline cartilage _Are Symphyses b/t vertebrae _First is b/t C2/3, last b/t L5/S1

24
Q

Annulus Fibrosus

A

Outer, tough fibrocartilagenous ring of intervertebral disc with criss-crossed fibers to limit vertebral rotation

25
Nucleus pulposus
_Soft, inner part of intervertebral disc _Absorbs water when relaxed, loses water when compressed
26
Uncovertebral Joints (of Luschka)
_Small cavities in the cervical intervertebral disc (appear around 10 y/o) _Occur b/t the unicate process of vertebrae
27
Unicate Process
Process that comes off of the cervical vertebral body
28
Facet Joints
_Aka Zygapophysial joints _Synovial joints b/t articular surfaces _Orientation determines ROM in joints _innervated by medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves (2 adj nerves per joint)
29
Costovertebral joints
_T2-T8 articulate with 2 pairs of ribs _3 points of articulation: head of rib (2 points on upper and lower demifacets), Tubercle of rib (1 point on transverse process of vertebra)
30
Sacroiliac joints
_Synovial joint b/t auricular surface on the sacrum and ilium _Transfers weight from the vertebral column to lower limb
31
Anterior longitudinal Ligament
_C1-sacrum _Limits extension of vertebral column
32
Posterior longitudinal ligament
_Posterior surface of vertebrae and intervertebral discs, but inside the vertebral canal _Narrows over V. bodies and widens over the IV discs throughout T and L _Does not cover all of the posterolateral portion of the IV discs, so herniation can occur _Limits flexion
33
Ligament Flava
_C2-sacrum: interconnect laminae of adjacent vertebrae _highly elastic and bilateral _Resists separation b/t laminae during flexion and lat flexion and helps in restoring an erect posture post movements
34
Transverse ligaments
_C1-sacrum: interconnect adjacent transverse processes _Often intertwined with intertransversarii muscles _Resists lateral flexion
35
Interspinous ligaments
_C2-sacrum: between spinous processes _Resists flexion and rotation
36
Supraspinous ligament
_C7-Sacrum _Attaches tips of spinous ligaments _Changes into the ligamentum nuchae from occipital protuberance to C7 _resists flexion and rotation
37
Ligamentum Nuchae
Expanded supraspinous ligament from C7 to Occipital protuberance
38
Facet joint capsules
_Synovial joints _Capsule limits motion of joints, particularly rotation
39
Vertebral Arterial blood supply
_Initial branches on anterolateral surfaces _Branches into periosteal and Equatorial
40
Periosteal arterial blood supply
Supplies the periosteum
41
Equatorial aterial blood supply
Supplies the outer layer of bone
42
Posterior branch of aterial blood supply
Provide the periosteal branch and nutrient branches to the V arch elements
43
Spinal arteries
_Enter thru the IV foramina _Provide branches to spinal cord/meninges _Nutrient arteries travel to the core of the vertebral bodies
44
Internal vertebral plexus of veins
Initial drainage of venous blood
45
External vertebral plexus of veins
Connects internal to segmental vein system
46
Vertebral plexus connections
All plexuses connect to cranial dural sinuses and venous plexus in the pelvis (is a valveless system)
47
Recurrent meningeal branches of spinal nerves
_Innervates the vertebral column on each side _Connects periosteum, annul fibrosi of IV discs, ligaments to meninges
48
Proprioception
Body position by stretching/slackening of muscles and ligaments
49
Associated factors with herniation
_more anterior positioning of nucleus pulpous _Annulus fibrosis is thinner posteriorly _Increased load on column (flexion) that compresses anteriorly _Lack of ligament support on the posterolateral surface of discs
50
Lumbago
Shifts in the nucleus pulpous causes unequal force on joints causing violent muscle spams
51
Radiculopathy
Compression of a near by nerve from herniation
52
Siactica
Several roots contributing to the sciatic nerve are compressed

Anatomy (35 decks)

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