Ear Flashcards by Paige Johnson

3 divisions of the ear

External, middle, inner

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Parts of the external ear

auricle and external auditory canal

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Deepest depression of the pinna that leads toward the ear canal

Concha

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Outer rim of the pinna

Helix

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Tongue-like flap, anterior to the ear canal

tragus

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Blood supply to the pinna

superficial temporal and posterior auricular arteries

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Nerves to the pinna

Great auricular and auriculotemporal nerves

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2.5 cm long tube between the auricle and the tympanic membrane

External auditory canal

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Outer 1/3rd of external auditory canal is formed by what?

Cartilage

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Inner 2/3rds of external auditory canal is formed by what?

bone

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How do you straighten the external auditory canal?

Pull superoposterior on auricle

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Another name for ear wax

cerumen

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Blood supply for external auditory canal

superficial temporal, posterior auricular, and deep auricular arteries

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Nerves to the external auditory canal and outer surface of tympanic membrane

Auriculotemporal nerve, with some vagus nerve

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The petrous part of the temporal bone that contains the auditory ossicles, 2 muscles, and nerves

Middle ear cavity

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What separates the middle ear cavity and external auditory canal?

Tympanic membrane

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Spaces of the middle ear cavity

Tympanic cavity, epitympanic recess

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What does the middle ear cavity communicate with and how?

Mastiod air cells via the aditus and antrum, and the pharynx via auditory tube

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Innervation of mucosa of middle ear cavity

Tympanic plexus, mostly glossopharyngeal

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What nerve carries pain associated with otitis media?

glossopharyngeal

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Roof of middle ear cavity

Tegmen tympani

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Floor of middle ear cavity

Jugular wall

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What does the jugular wall separate?

Middle ear cavity and superior bulb of IJV

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What passes thru the jugular wall?

Tympanic nerve

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Medial wall of middle ear cavity

Labyrinthine wall

What 2 important structures are associated with the promontory of the labyrinthine wall?

Tympanic plexus covers and is formed by the basal coil of the cochlea

Windows in the laybyrinthine wall

Superior: Oval, Inferior: round

What is superoposterior to the oval window?

Facial nerve canal prominence

Superior to the facial nerve prominence

Prominence of the lateral semicircular canal

Most anterior part of the laybrinthine wall contains what?

Chochleariform process and semicanal for tensor tympani

What primarily forms the lateral wall of the middle ear cavity?

Tympanic membrane

Innervation of tympanic membrane

Auriculotemporal on outer surface, vagus nerve for outer/posteroinferior surface, tympanic plexus on inner surface

Apex of the concavity of the tympanic membrane

Umbo

Where does the tip of the handle of the malleus attach?

Umbo

Where are the mallear folds/the portion without a firbous core in the tympanic membrane?

Flaccid part

Lower part of the tympanic membrane

Tense part

The reflection of light from the umbo that is seen by using an otoscope

Cone of light

What does the carotid wall separate?

Middle ear and ICA

What makes up the anterior wall of the middle membrane?

Carotid wall

What opening does the carotid wall contain?

Opening for autditory (pharyngotympanic) tube

What nerves run thru the carotid wall?

Tensor tympani and chorda tympani

What makes up the posterior wall of the middle ear cavity?

Mastiod wall

What does the mastiod wall separate?

the middle ear and the mastiod air cells

What connects the mastiod air cells to the middle ear cavity?

(superiorly) aditus leading to the mastiod antrum

What contains the stapedius muscle?

the pyramid

Where do the contents of the prominence of the facial nerve emerge in the middle ear?

The nerve to the stapedius and chorda tympani distrubute off of the mastiod wall

From lateral to medial, what are the auditory ossicles?

Malleus, incus, stapes

Parts of the malleus

head, neck, handle, lateral/anterior processes

What nerve runs on the medial surface of the root of the malleus handle?

chorda tympani

Parts of the incus

Body, short/long processes, lenticular process

What part of the incus articualtes with the stapes?

lenticular process

Parts of the stapes

Head, neck, 2 limbs, ovoid base

Where does the stapes connect to the labyrinthine wall?

Oval window and membrane

Where does the tensor tympani turn?

cochleariform process

Where does the tensor tympani insert?

Handle of the malleus to tense the tympanic membrane

What large bones does the tensoe tympani attach to?

Semicanal, cartilage of the auditory tube, greater wing of the sphenoid

What innervates the tensor tympani?

Mandibular nerve

Where does the stapedius muscle insert?

Neck of the stapes

What innervates the stapedius muscle?

Facial nerve

How is the tympanic plexus formed

The tympanic nerve branches off of the glosspharyngeal nerve, enters middle ear via floor, form plexus on the promontory

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the tympanic nerve

Form the lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion

What ganglion is in the petrous bone near the middle ear?

Geniculate ganglion

3 nerves off of the geniculate ganglion

Greater petrosal nerve, nerve to stapedius, chorda tympani

Complicated series of spaces inside the petrous part of the temporal bone

Bony labyrinth

Lines the bony labyrinth

Membranous labyrinth

Communication b/t cochlear labyrinth and subarachnoid space

Cochlear aqueduct

Communication b/t vestibular membranous labyrinth and endolymphatic sac

Vestibular aqueduct

Snail-shaped organ for audition

Cochlea

Spiral bony core of cochlea

Modiolus

Chamber that begins at the oval window and spirals to the apex

Scala Vestibuli

Chamber that begins at the apex and spirals to the round window

Scala tympani

How do the 2 chambers communicate?

Helicotrema

Fills the 2 chamber space

perilymph

Middle chamber of cochlea

Cochlear duct

Fills the cochlear duct

endolymph

Organ for hearing

Spiral organ of Corti

Course of neurons from cochlea to brain stem

Hair cells, sensory fibers converge to spiral ganglion, cochlear nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve

Why would a lesion in the external autitory canal cause nausea/vomiting?

vagus nerve and gag reflex

Detects head tilt/translational accelerations

Sacs of the vestibular apparatus

2 sacs of vestibular apparatus

Utricle and saccule

Detects rotational accelerations

Lateral/anterior/posterior semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus

Formation of cell bodies from the vestibular apparatus

Vestibular ganglion