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Anatomy > Craniovertebral joints:pharynx > Flashcards

Craniovertebral joints:pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Position of Atlanto-occipital joints

A

Synovial joints between occipital condyles and facets (superior surfaces of atlas)

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2
Q

What joint is the “yes” movement at?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

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3
Q

Composition of Atlanto-atlas joint?

A

3 synovial joints, one ligamentous articulation

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4
Q

What parts form the AA joint?

A

inferior articular facets of atlas, Superior articular facets of axis

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5
Q

Orientation of lateral AA joint facets

A

transverse

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6
Q

Parts articulating in the medial atlanto-axial joint

A

dens of axis (odontoid process) and anterior arch of atlas, transverse ligament of atlas

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7
Q

Number of joint cavities in the medial atlanto-axial joint

A

2

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8
Q

What joint is the “no” movement at?

A

Medial atlanto-axial joint

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9
Q

Continuation of anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

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10
Q

Connects anterior arch of atlas and anterior margin of foramen magnum

A

anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

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11
Q

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

A

Same relative position as ligamentum flavum. Connects posterior arch of atlas/posterior margin of foramen magum. Inferior margin is perforated by vertebral artery

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12
Q

Continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Tectorial membrane

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13
Q

Covers the deeper cruciate, alar, and apical ligaments

A

Tectorial membrane

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14
Q

Cruiciate ligament

A

Strong transverse between lateral masses and anterior arch/dens (medial atlanto-axial joint). Weak vertical part (body of axis and anterior margin of foramen magnum)

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15
Q

Alar ligament

A

Lateral side of dens and margin of foramen occipital bone. Minimizes rotation

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16
Q

Apical ligament

A

Tip of dens and foramen magnum (weak connection)

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17
Q

Jefferson’s Fx

A

aka burst fx. Arches of atlas are fx and lateral masses displaced laterally. Excessive axial compression

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18
Q

Hangman’s Fx

A

Pedicals of axis. Hyperextension. 20% of all spinal Fx

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19
Q

Beginning and end of pharynx

A

Sphenoidal body to the esophagus (C6, inferior border of cricoid)

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20
Q

General composition of pharynx

A

Outer circular muscle, inner longitudinal muscle

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21
Q

Waldeye’s ring

A

Ring of lymphoid tissue that guards pharynx

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22
Q

Motor innervation of pharynx (primary)

A

vagus. (one motor comes from glossopharyngeal)

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23
Q

Sensory innvervation of pharynx

A

Maxillary, glossopharyngeal, vagus

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24
Q

Superior portion of superior constrictor

A

From the pterygoid hamulus/pterygomandibular raphe. Is continuous with the buccinator

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25
Q

Attachment of the superior constrictor

A

Anterior to pharyngeal tubercle, midline to the pharyngeal raphe

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26
Q

Where is the pharyngobasilar fascia?

A

The gap between the base of the skull (anterior/posterior attachments)

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27
Q

What passes thru the pharyngobasilar fasic?

A

Levator veli palatini, pharyngotympatic tuve, ascending palatine artery

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28
Q

Superior portion of the middle constrictor

A

Lesser/greater horns of hyoid bon/lower part of stylohyoid ligament

29
Q

Attachment of the middle constrictor

A

Posteriorly to pharyngeal raphe. Overlaps with superior constrictor

30
Q

What passes thru the middle/superior constrictor gap?

A

Stylopharyngeus, stylohyoid ligament, glossopharyngeal nerve

31
Q

Superior portion of inferior constrictor

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

32
Q

What passes thru the gap between the middle and the inferior constrictors?

A

internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery

33
Q

Cricopharyngeus

A

Formed by inferior constrictor. Acts as sphinctor between pharynx and esophagus

34
Q

What crosses the lower border of the cricophayngeus?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve/inferior laryngeal artery

35
Q

Internal muscles of the pharynx

A

Salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus. Stylopharyngeus

36
Q

Arises from phayngotympanic tube (internal muscle)

A

Salpingopharyngeus

37
Q

Arises from hard palate and aponeurosis

A

Palatopharyngeus

38
Q

Arises from styloid process

A

Stylopharyngeus

39
Q

Only muscle in pharynx not innervated by vagus

A

Stylopharyngeus (innervated by the only motor branch of glossopharyngeal)

40
Q

Fasica between upper borders of superior constrictors and base of the skull

A

Pharyngobasilar fascia

41
Q

Thin layer of loose connective tissue forming the outer covering of the pharynx

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

42
Q

Artery from ECA to pharynx

A

Ascending pharyngeal a.

43
Q

Artery from facial artery to pharynx

A

Ascending palatine and tonsillar artery

44
Q

Artery from maxillary to pharynx

A

Descending palatine and pharyngeal branch

45
Q

Where do the veins of the pharynx frain into?

A

Form a minor plexus then drain into the paterygoid plexus

46
Q

Source of much bleeding in the removal of the palatine tonsils

A

External palatine vein

47
Q

What primarily innervates the pharynx?

A

pharyngeal plexus. Motor fibers from vagus, sensory from glossopharyngeal

48
Q

Sensory innervation for upper part of nasopharynx

A

Maxillary n.

49
Q

Lower part of pharynx innervated by what?

A

Glossopharyngeal n.

50
Q

Gag reflex innervation

A

Sensory:glossopharyngeal. Motor: vagus

51
Q

Most lymph drainage is to what?

A

Jugulodiagastric nodes (aka tonsillar nodes)

52
Q

Bondaries of nasopharynx

A

Superior: body of sphenoid, continuous with nasal cavities via choanae, Inferior: soft palate

53
Q

Contents of nasopharynx

A

Auditory tube opening/torus tubarius (cartilage of tube), salpingopharyngeal fold, salpingopalatine fold, torus levatorius, pharyngeal recess, pharyngeal tonsils

54
Q

Salpingopharyngeal fold contains what?

A

Salpingopharyngeus muscles extending inferioposteriorly from auditory tube

55
Q

Salpingopalatine fold contains what?

A

Tensor veli palatini

56
Q

Function of tensor veli palatini

A

Modifies auditory tube for air exchange, V3 and otic ganglion site on it, hooks under the hamulus

57
Q

Torus Levatorius contents

A

Levator veli palatini.

58
Q

Slit-like space extending posteriorly/laterally behind torus tubarius

A

Pharyngeal recess

59
Q

In the rood and posterior wall of the nasopharynx

A

Phayngeal tonsils. Aka adenoids

60
Q

Boundaries of oropharynx

A

Tongue, palatoglossal/palatopharyngeal arches, superior: soft palate, inferior: superior border of epiglottis

61
Q

Contents of oropharynx

A

Tonsillar cleft, palatine tonsils, tonsillar bed, lingual tonsils.

62
Q

Forms the tonsilar bed

A

superior constrictor muscle/pharyngobasilar fascia

63
Q

Boundaries of laryngopharynx

A

Posterior to larynx, superior: superior border of epiglottis, inferior: inferior border of cricoid artilage

64
Q

Communication point between laryngopharynx and larynx

A

Laryngeal inlet

65
Q

“pockets” bilateral to larnyx that are innervated by reccurent and laryngeal nerves

A

Piriform recess

66
Q

Folds of the laryngopharynx

A

Median glossoepiglottic fold, 2 lateral glossoepiglottic folds

67
Q

Depression between glossoepiglottic folds

A

valleculae

68
Q

Stages of deglutition

A
  1. food compressed between palate and tongue (voluntary) 2. Soft palate elevated to seal NP (involuntary) larynx elevated/epiglottis forced against pharyngeal wall 3. Constrictors close laryngeal aditus (involuntary)
69
Q

Where is the deglutition center in the CNS?

Anatomy (35 decks)

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