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Anatomy > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebral body levels is the larynx located at?

A

C3-C6

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2
Q

What is lateral to the larynx?

A

Carotid sheaths and thyroid glands

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3
Q

3 functions of the larynx

A

Passage of air to the respiratory tract, Sphincter to close off RT during swallowing, produce phonation

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4
Q

What is the major type of cartilage in the larynx?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

What bone is connected to the larynx by ligaments and membranes

A

Hyoid bone

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6
Q

Largest laryngeal cartilage

A

Thyroid cartilage

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7
Q

What is found directly above the laryngeal prominence?

A

Superior thryoid notch

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8
Q

Projections off of the thyroid cartilage

A

Cornuas (superior and inferior)

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9
Q

Ridge on the posterolateral sides of the laminae for the constrictor muscle attachments

A

Oblique line

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10
Q

Only cartilage that completely encircles the airway

A

Cricoid cartilage

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11
Q

Anterior portion of the cricoid cartilage

A

Arch

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12
Q

What does the lamina of the cricoid cartilage articulate with?

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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13
Q

Paired set of cartilages posterior to the larynx that sit atop the lamina of the cricoid

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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14
Q

Posterolateral projection of the arytenoid cartilage

A

Muscular process

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15
Q

Paired set of cartilages that sit atop of the apices of the arytenoid cartilages

A

Corniculate cartilages

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16
Q

Attaches the epiglottic cartilage to the thyroid cartilage lamina

A

Inferior stalk

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17
Q

Articulation of the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage and lamina of the cricoid cart

A

Cricothyroid joints

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18
Q

What happens when the thyroid cartilage tilts anteriorly at the joint?

A

Vocal cords are tensed

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19
Q

What happens when the thyroid cartilage is tilted posteriorly?

A

Vocal cords are loosened

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20
Q

Articulation of the arytenoid cartilages and the lamina of the cricoid cartilage

A

Cricoarytenoid joints

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21
Q

Movement of the arytenoid cartilages

A

Slide tranversely/pivot on cricoid cartilage to abduct/adduct the vocal folds

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22
Q

Extrinstic ligaments of the larynx

A

Thyrohyoid membrane, cricotracheal ligament, hyoepiglottic ligament

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23
Q

Connects the superior border of the thyroid cartilage to the body and greater horns of the hyoid bone

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

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24
Q

Thickening of thyrohyoid membrane on midline

A

Median thyrohyoid ligament

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25
Q

Thickening of thyrohyoid membrane at the posterior edges

A

Lateral thyrohyoid ligaments

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26
Q

What passes thru the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Superior laryngeal vessels and internal laryngeal nerve

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27
Q

Attaches inferior surface of cricoid cartilage to upper border of 1st tracheal ring

A

Cricotracheal ligament

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28
Q

Ligament from the anterior midline of the epiglottis to the body of the hyoid bone

A

Hyoepiglottic ligament

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29
Q

Intrinsic ligaments of the larynx

A

Thyroepiglottic ligament, conus elasticus, quadraangular ligament

30
Q

Attaches stalk of epiglottic cartilage to thyroid cartilage

A

Thyroepiglottic ligament

31
Q

Membrane from the superior surface of the cricoid cartilage that projects superomedially inside the thyroid cartilage

A

Conus elasticus

32
Q

Forms the vocal ligaments

A

Conus elasticus

33
Q

Thickened anterior portion of the conus elasticus

A

Median cricothyroid ligament

34
Q

Thin submucosal connective tissue that supports the aryepiglottic fold

A

Quadrangular ligament

35
Q

Superior margin of the quadrangular ligament

A

Aryepiglottic ligament

36
Q

Inferior margin of the quadrangular ligament

A

Vestibular ligament

37
Q

Where does the vestibular ligament attach?

A

Below the apex of the arytenoid cartilage to they thyroid cartilage, above the vocal ligament

38
Q

Orientation of the laryngeal inlet

A

Obliquely between epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages, along the aryepiglottic fold

39
Q

Space between the aryepiglottic folds

A

Vestibule

40
Q

What is below the vestibule?

A

vestibular folds. Aka false vocal cords

41
Q

Space between the vestibular folds

A

Rima vestibuli

42
Q

Space between vestibular/vocal folds

A

Laryngeal ventricle

43
Q

True vocal cords

A

Vocal fold

44
Q

Space inferior to vocal folds but superior to trachea

A

Infraglottic space

45
Q

Contents of the vocal folds

A

Vocal ligament, vocalis muscle, and mucosa

46
Q

Opening between vocal folds

A

Rima glottidis

47
Q

Action of posterior crioarytenoid muscle

A

Causes adduction of muscular processes, making arytenoid c. externally rotate, thus aBducting the vocal folds

48
Q

Action of lateral crioarytenoid muscle

A

aBduction of muscular processes, making arytenoid c. internally rotate, aDducting the vocal folds

49
Q

Action of transverse arytenoid muscle

A

aDduction of vocal folds via translation

50
Q

Action of Oblique arytenoid muscle

A

Aids in aDduction of vocal folds via translation

51
Q

Is the continuation of the oblique arytenoid in the aryepiglottic folds

A

Aryepiglottic muscle

52
Q

Action of cricothyroid muscle

A

Acts via cricothyroid cartilage, causing thyroid cartilage to rotate anteriorly, thus stretching/tensing vocal folds (raises pitch of voice)

53
Q

Action of thyroarytenoid muscle

A

Acts via cricoarytenoid joint, pulling arytenoid c. anteriorly, thus relaxing vocal folds (lowers pitch of voice)

54
Q

Action of vocalis muscle

A

Fine tunes the tension on vocal folds. Is used in whispering

55
Q

Acts as a sphincter for the auditus

A

Thyroepiglottic

56
Q

Supplies blood to upper part of larynx

A

Superior laryngeal a. Typically a branch from superior thyroid a (off of ECA)

57
Q

Blood supply to lower part of larynx

A

Inferior laryngeal a. Off of inferior thyroid a. (off of thyrocervical via subclavian)

58
Q

Vessel that passes deep to inferior border of inferior pharyngeal constrictor/enters near cricothyroid joint

A

Inferior laryngeal a. Off of inferior thyroid a. (off of thyrocervical via subclavian)

59
Q

Venous supply to larynx

A

Superior/inferior laryngeal vein( drains to respective thyroid vein then IJV)

60
Q

Lymph in the supraglottic area

A

Superior deep cervical lymph nodes

61
Q

Where does the infroglottic lymph drain to?

A

Pretracheal/paratracheal lymph nodes, then to inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

62
Q

What provides sensory to larynx?

A

Vagus

63
Q

Supplies the mucosa of the aditus to vocal cords

A

Internal laryngeal nerves via superior laryngeal nerve

64
Q

Innervates mucosa below vocal cords

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

65
Q

Innervates cricothyroid muscle

A

External laryngeal nerve

66
Q

Innervates all muscles of larynx except cricothyroid

A

recurrent laryngeal nerves

67
Q

When does the inferior laryngeal nerve arise?

A

Is the recurrent laryngeal nerve, then changes to inferior near the cricothyroid joint

68
Q

Internal laryngeal nerve damage

A

Desensitiation of superior larynx, dif swallowing/chocking

69
Q

External laryngeal nerve damage

A

Paralyzes cricothyroid muscle (can’t tense vocal lig) so weak voice/lower pitch/monotone voice

70
Q

Inferior laryngeal nerve damage

A

Vocal fold paralysis. Unilateral: can compensate. Bilaterally:no voice and diff breathing

71
Q

Semon’s law

A

aBuctors of vocal cords affected more than aDductors, so breathy/bedroom voice

Anatomy (35 decks)

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