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Trigeminal Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

Largest cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

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2
Q

3 parts of the brainstem

A

Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

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3
Q

4 nuclei of the trigeminal nerve

A

Mesencephalic nucleus, principle sensory nucleus, spinal nucleus, motor nucleus (all of the trigeminal nerve)

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4
Q

Location of mencephalic nucleus

A

Slightly lateral to 3rd ventricle in midbrain

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5
Q

Location of principle sensory nucleus

A

Slightly lateral to 3rd ventricle in pons

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6
Q

Location of spinal nucleus

A

Slightly lateral to 4th ventricle in medulla oblongata

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7
Q

Location of motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve

A

Immediates medial to principle sensory nucleus

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8
Q

What is the continuation of the caudal end of the spinal nucleus into the spinal cord?

A

Spinothalamic tract

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9
Q

Extension of trigeminal nerve from lateral surface of pons

A

Sensory root of trigeminal

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10
Q

What does the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve connect?

A

lateral surface of pons to the medial surface of the trigeminal ganglion

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11
Q

What runs on the inferior surface of the filamentous sensory stalk of the trigeminal?

A

Motor root of the trigeminal

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12
Q

Superior Cranial extension of the trigeminal

A

Opthalmic branch V1

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13
Q

Inferior cranial extension of trigeminal

A

Maxillary branch V2

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14
Q

Inferior extension passing out of the skull of the trigeminal

A

Mandibular branch V3

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15
Q

What runs parallel to/merges with mandibular branch?

A

Motor root of the trigeminal

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16
Q

What is enclosed in the Trigeminal Cave?

A

Roots of trigeminal nerve, trigeminal ganglion, proximal ends of the 3 trigeminal branches

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17
Q

What are the layers of the trigeminal cave formed from?

A

2 layers from the tentorium cerebelli of the dura matter

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18
Q

What venous structure does the trigeminal cave abut?

A

Cavernous sinus

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19
Q

What parts of the trigeminal enter the cavernous sinus?

A

Opthalmic and maxillary on the lateral wall

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20
Q

Path of maxillary branch

A

Thru F. rotundum to reach the pterygipalatine fossa, communicates with pterygopalatine ganglion, divides into zygomatic/infraorbital nerves (both enter inferior orbital fissure)

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21
Q

Largest meningeal nerve branch

A

Middle meningeal nerve

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22
Q

Path of middle meningeal branch of the trigeminal

A

Arises from maxillary just before it enters the f. rotundum

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23
Q

Path of meningeal nerve

A

Arises from mandibular branch immediately after ot passes thru f. ovale then enters the skull via the f. spinosum with the middle meningeal ARTERY

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24
Q

Smallest of trigeminal branches

A

Opthalmic branch V1

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25
3 subdivisions of the opthalmic branch
Front, lacrimal, nasocillary
26
What passes thru the superior tip of the superior orbital fissure?
frontal and lacrimal subdivisions of ophthalmic division
27
Where does the nasocilliary subdivision of the opthalmic branch enter the orbit?
Inferiorly within the tendinous ring of supraocular muscles
28
What does the frontal split into?
Supratrochlear nerve, supraorbital nerve
29
Path of supratrochlear nerve
Exits orbit near the medial corner, extends superiorly along the forehead. Is sensory
30
Path of supraorbital nerve
Exits orbit thru supraorbital foramen, extends superiorly along forhead and posteriorly to near the vertex. Sensory
31
Path of lacrimal nerve
Along superior surface of lateral rectus to lateral corner of the orbit. Supplies lacrimal gland.
32
Path of nasociliary nerve
Along superior surface of optic nerve and medial border of the orbit between medial rectus and superior oblique muscles
33
What does the nasociliary nerve intergrate with?
Parasympathetic/sympathetic axons, and inferior division of oculomotor nerve (3)
34
Short ciliary nerves
Carries sensory info from the eye thru the ciliary ganglion via communicating branches into the nasociliary
35
Long ciliary nerves
Carry sensory info from the eve, but bypasses ciliary ganglion*
36
Posterior ethmoid nerve
Exits orbit thru posterior ethmoid foramen. Sensory to sphenoid sinus and posterior ethmoid air cells
37
Anterior ethmoid nerve
Exits orbits via anterior ethmoidal foramen, passes thru margin of cribform plate to enter cranial cavity, gives off meningeal branch, passes inferiorly thru nasal slit to enter nasal cavity, terminates at lateral portion of the nose
38
What passes thru the nasal slit?
Anterior ethmoidal foramen
39
Infratrochlear nerve
The nasociliary distal to the branching of anterior ethmoidal nerve
40
Path of infratrochlear nerve
Exits the orbit at medial corner, extends medially to bridge of nose
41
Branches of maxillary nerve
ganglionic branches, posterior superior alveolar, zygomatic, infraorbital nerve
42
Branches of zygomatic nerve
Communicating branch, sygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal
43
Branches of infraorbital nerve
Anterior superior alveolar, inferior palpebral, lateral nasal, superior labial
44
Path of infraorbital nerve
Exits near middle of inferior orbital fissure, enters infraorbital canal, gives off one branch, passes thru infraorbital foramen, branches on the face
45
Divisions of mandibular nerve
Anterior/posterior
46
Anterior division of mandibular branches
Medial /lateral pterygoid masseteric nerve, deep temporal, buccal
47
Branches off of nerve to medial pterygoid
Otic ganglion (muscular branch but no synaptic connections), tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
48
Path of nerve to medial pterygoid
Runs over the deep surface of the medial pterygoid
49
Deep temporal nerve path
Superior to lateral pterygoid, deep surface of temporalis, splits into anterior/posterior.
50
Buccal nerve path
Courses deep to temporalis/masseter.
51
Posterior division of the mandibular branch path
Courses inferiorly, and branches are more anterior than anterior division
52
Main branches of posterior division of mandibular branch
Auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar
53
Path of auriculotemporal nerve
Posterior with an inferior arch to course around the neck of mandibul, pierces by middle meningeal artery, between temporomandibular joint/external meatus before running superior along the head
54
Innervation of auriculotemporal nerve
Sensory to temporal region/TMJ/auditory canal/outer surface of tympanum. Autonomics to parotid gland
55
Path of lingual nerve
Inferior to lateral pterygoid, medial to inferior alveolar nerve, then between medial pterygoid and ramus of mandible, connects to submandibular ganglion, bifurfactes at the hyoglossus to form sublingual gland and sublingual nerve
56
Path of inferior alveolar nerve
Inferior along posterior margin of lateral pterygoid, nerve to mylohyoid, passes thru mandibular foramen entering the mandibular canal, bifurcates anteriorly to form incisive and mental nerve
57
Inputs of ciliary ganglion
postsynaptic sympathetic axons from superior cervical ganglion, presynaptic parasympathtic axons in the inferior division of CN 3, sensory fibers from nasociliary nerve
58
Outputs of ciliary ganglion
Short ciliary nerve (caudal surface of eye)
59
Function of ciliary ganglion
Autonomics that regulate accomidation of the lens and pupillary aperature
60
Inputs Pterygopalatine ganglion
Postsynaptic sympathetic axons from superior cervical ganglion, thru carotid plexus and into deep petrosal/pterygoid canal nerves. Presynaptic parasympathetic from greater petrosal (facial nerve). Sensory fibers from maxillary
61
Posterior superior nasal nerve
From pterygopalatine ganglion. Enters nasal cavity thru sphenopalatine f. radiates over lateral/medial walls of nasal cavity
62
Posterior inferior nasal nerve
From pterygopalatine ganglion. Inferiorly thru pterygopalatine fossa to enter palatine canal, exits canal, passes thru lateral wall of nasal cavity
63
Nasopalatine nerve
Enters nasal cavity thru sphenopalatine foramen, runs anteriorly along roof of nasal cavity, anteroinferiorly across septum, thru incisive canal to reach hard palate, integrates with greater palatine nerve
64
Greater palatine nerve path
From pterygopalatine ganglion. Inferiorly thru pterygopalatine fossa to enter palatine canal, exits canal via greater palatine foramen, splits in the posterior half of the hard palate
65
Lesser palatine nerve path
From pterygopalatine ganglion. Inferiorly thru pterygopalatine fossa to enter palatine canal, exits canal via lesser palatine foramen, splits in the soft palate
66
Orbital nerve path
Passes thru inferior orbital fissure
67
Pharyngeal nerve path
From pterygopalatine ganglion. Exits pterygopalatine fossa via palatovaginal canal
68
Function of pterygopalatine ganglion
Regulate lacrimation
69
Inputs of Submandibular ganglion
postsynaptic sympathetic axons from superior cervical ganglion thru facial artery plexus, presynaptic parasympathtic axons in chorda tympana of facial nerve, sensory fibers from lingual nerve
70
Outputs of submandibular ganglion
Course in lingual nerve or nerve to submandibular gland
71
Function of submandibular ganglion
Autonomics regulate saliva expression in sublingual/submandibular glands
72
Inputs of otic ganglion
postsynaptic sympathetic axons from superior cervical ganglion thru plexus around middle meningeal artery, presynaptic parasympathtic axons from CN 10 in lesser petrosal nerve, sensory and muscular axons from medial pterygoid nerve and from chorda tympana
73
Outputs of otic ganglion
Auriculotemporal nerve to parotid gland
74
Function of otic ganglion
Autonomics thru otic ganglion regulate salivation at parotid gland
75
Trigeminal palsy
Paralysis of muscles of mastication (anterior division of mandibular nerve)
76
Trigeminal neuralgia
Typically unilateral, aka suicide disease, sharp jolts of intense pain, can last hours or days

Anatomy (35 decks)

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