Superficial and Osseous Lower Limb

Question 1

Starting distally, what is the path of the great saphenous vein?

Answer 1

Formed at the dorsal venous arch, ascends anteriomedially to the malleolus, passes medial femoral condyle posteriorly, transverses the crib form fascia, thru the saphenous opening, terminates with the femoral vein

Question 2

Cribriform fascia

Answer 2

Fascia that covers the medial portion of the thigh, gives rise to the saphenous opening

Question 3

What veins in the body have more valves?

Answer 3

Deep and inferior veins

Question 4

What type of pump do the valves in the veins promote?

Answer 4

Musculovenous pump

Question 5

Starting distally, what is the path of the small saphenous vein?

Answer 5

Formed from the lateral portion of the dorsal arch, ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus, passes the lateral border of the achilles tendon, up between the heads of the gastrocnemius, crosses deep fascia, empties into popliteal vein

Question 6

Perforating veins

Answer 6

Veins that shunt blood from the superficial veins, across deep fascia, to deep veins. Have valves. Are compressed with muscle contraction.

Question 7

Where are the vertical lymph nodes located?

Answer 7

Around the great saphenous

Question 8

Where are the horizontal lymph nodes located?

Answer 8

Inferior to the inguinal ligaments

Question 9

Meralgia Paresthetica

Answer 9

Impingement of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes deep to the inguinal ligament. Usually caused from tight clothing or obesity

Question 10

What 3 bones make up the pelvic bone?

Answer 10

Ilium, pubis, ischium

Question 11

Where do the 3 pelvic bones converge?

Answer 11

Acetabulum

Question 12

Ilium

Answer 12

Largest/most superior portion of pelvis

Question 13

Ala

Answer 13

Broad wing-like posterolateral portion of the illium. Attachment site for muscles. 3 lines on lateral surface for gluteal muscles (Inferior, anterior, posterior). Iliac Fossa is medial on the ala.

Question 14

Anterior Superior/Inferior Iliac Spines

Answer 14

Anterior. Attachment sites for ligaments and tendons of the lower limb

Question 15

Iliac Crest

Answer 15

From ASIS to the PSIS. Attachment site for thin sheet-like muscles and deep fascia.

Question 16

Iliac TUBERCLE

Answer 16

Thick portion of the iliac crest

Question 17

Posterior superior iliac spine

Answer 17

Forms the skin dimple on some pts. Superior portion of the greater sciatic notch.

Question 18

Auricular surface

Answer 18

“Ear-shaped” surface on the ilium. Articular surface for sacroiliac joint

Question 19

Iliac TUBEROSITY

Answer 19

Superior to the auricular surface. Rough attachment point for strong ligaments of the SI joint.

Question 20

Ischium

Answer 20

Postern-Inferior part of the hip bone. Posterior portion contributes to the inferior portion of the greater sciatica notch/lesser sciatic notch

Question 21

Ramus of ischium

Answer 21

Joins to the inferior ramus of the pubis to form the ischiopubic ramus

Question 22

Ischial Tuberosity

Answer 22

Junction of body and ramus. Origin of hamstrings.

Question 23

Pubis

Answer 23

Anteromedial part of the hip bone.

Question 24

Pubic tubercle

Answer 24

Medial attachment of the inguinal ligament

Question 25

Obturator foramen

Answer 25

Oval opening in the hip bone. Has a membrane in the opening

Question 26

Acetabulum

Answer 26

Cup-shaped cavity on the lateral aspect of the hip bone. Has a notch, lunate surface, and fossa

Question 27

Femur

Answer 27

Longest/heaviest bone in the body

Question 28

Fovea

Answer 28

Attachment site for ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres femoris)

Question 29

Angle of Inclination

Answer 29

Angle created by the neck vs the shaft of the femur. Gives leverage for hip abductors and rotators. Puts greater stress on bone near apex, so predisposes it to fracture.

Question 30

Torsion Angle

Answer 30

Superior view of femur, axis of head and neck angles anteriorly while transverse axis of femoral condyles remains in flat coronal plane. Allows for rotary movements b/t head and acetabulum

Question 31

Patella

Answer 31

Largest Sesamoid bone in the body

Question 32

Tibia

Answer 32

Second largest bone in the body. Transmits all superior weight to the talus

Question 33

Gerdy Tubercle

Answer 33

Attachment point of the IT band

Question 34

Fibula

Answer 34

NOT WEIGHT BEARING. Serves as a muscle attachment site. Helps form the ankle joint.

Question 35

Tibiofibular Syndesmosis

Answer 35

Attaches fibula and tibia

Question 36

Bones of the feet

Answer 36

Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiforms, Metatarsals, phalanges

Question 37

Largest and strongest bone of the foot

Answer 37

Calcaneus