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Anatomy > Musculoskeletal Embryology > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Paraxial mesoderm formation

A

2 longitudinal columns formed from the intraembryonic mesoderm

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2
Q

Somites

A

segmented blocked formed from the paraxial mesoderm

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3
Q

Sclerotome

A

Ventromedial portion of somites thats forms the vertebrae and ribs

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4
Q

Dermatome

A

Dermis

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5
Q

Myotome

A

myoblasts (primordial cells)

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6
Q

Mesenchyme

A

embryonic connective tissue

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7
Q

Intramembranous bone formation

A

Mesenchyme forms a membranous sheath; osteoblasts/clasts form bone

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8
Q

Endochonral bone formation

A

Chondrocytes form bone; osteoblasts form bone while in cartilage

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9
Q

Vertebrae formation (general process)

A

Sclerotomes form scaffold around notochord/neural tube, chondrification, then ossification

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10
Q

Resegmentation

A

Dense caudal and loose cephalic halves of the sclerotome vertebral scaffolding fuse

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11
Q

What is the early structure of the vertebral arch?

A

Neural arch

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12
Q

What part of the intermediate disk does the notochord become?

A

Nucleus pulposus

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13
Q

What embryonic structure forms the annulus fibrosis?

A

Sclerotomes

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14
Q

What week does chondrification take place?

A

Week 6

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15
Q

What week does ossification take place?

A

Week 8

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16
Q

What two structures do myotomes split into?

A

Dorsal epimere and ventral hypomere

17
Q

Dorsal epimere

A

Muscles of the main body axis, neck extensor muscles, vertebral/deep back muscles

18
Q

Ventral hypomere

A

Cervical/ thoracic/ intercostal/ sacrococcygeal/lumbar myotomes, limb musculature

19
Q

What do superficial dermomyotomes develop into?

A

Dermis of the neck and trunk

20
Q

Hemivertebra

A

Only half of the vertebrae form resulting in scoliosis

21
Q

Spina bifida

A

Imperfect fusion of the vertebral arches

22
Q

Spina bifida occult

A

Lumbar arch is not fully formed, tuff of overlaying hair is a typical finding

23
Q

Spina bifida cystic

A

Neural tube fails to close, resulting in cord and/ or meninges protruding

Anatomy (35 decks)

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