Basic Concepts

Question 1

Coronal plane

Answer 1

divides the anterior and posterior

Question 2

Sagittal plane

Answer 2

Divides the left from right side

Question 3

Transverse plane

Answer 3

Divides superior from inferior

Question 4

Palmer

Answer 4

anterior hand (palm)

Question 5

Dorsal

Answer 5

posterior hand

Question 6

Ipsilateral

Answer 6

same side as structure

Question 7

Contralateral

Answer 7

opposite side of a structure

Question 8

Axial skeletal system

Answer 8

Cranium, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, sternum

Question 9

Appendicular system

Answer 9

limbs and girdles

Question 10

Periosteum

Answer 10

_Connective tissue covering the external bone surface _Tendons of muscles intermingle with this tissue to unite muscles to the bones

Question 11

Suture joint

Answer 11

_Fibrous joint _Between bones of the skull

Question 12

Syndesmosis

Answer 12

_Fibrous joint _Bones connected by a sheet of dense connective tissue

Question 13

Gomphosis

Answer 13

_Fibrous joint _Tooth root joined by cartilage, no cavity present

Question 14

Synchondrosis

Answer 14

_joined by hyaline cartilage _i.e. growth plates, costochondral junction

Question 15

Symphysis

Answer 15

_joined by fibrocartilage _i.e. intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

Question 16

Synovial joints

Answer 16

_fluid-filled joint cavity _increases flexibility b/t hyaline covered articular surfaces

Question 17

Diarthoses

Answer 17

Permitting free motion in a joint (all synovial joints)

Question 18

Parts of a synovial joint

Answer 18

_Articular cartilage _Joint cavity _Articular capsule _Synovial fluid _Ligaments _Articular discs

Question 19

Articular cartilage

Answer 19

Mainly hyaline cartilage on the ends of the bone heads

Question 20

Joint cavity

Answer 20

Fluid filled space between articular surfaces

Question 21

Articular capsule

Answer 21

Outer layer of fibrous tissue that is continuous with the periosteum of related bones/inner synovial membrane

Question 22

Synovial fluid

Answer 22

Viscous fluid produced by synovial membranes

Question 23

Extracapsular ligament

Answer 23

Ligament that supports the capsule

Question 24

Intracapsular ligament

Answer 24

Ligament that supports the inside of the capsule

Question 25

Articular discs

Answer 25

_Improve articular surface interactions _Absorb forces

Question 26

Plane joint

Answer 26

_2 flat surfaces _grinding/sliding movements

Question 27

Hinge joint

Answer 27

_Cylinder end fits into a trough end _Best for uniaxial movement

Question 28

Pivot joint

Answer 28

_Cylinder end fits into a ring of bone with fibrous support tissue _Allows for rotation _Atlantoaxial joint

Question 29

Condyloid joint

Answer 29

_ Egg shaped surface with concave surface _ Biaxial movements of flexion/extension & abduction/adduction

Question 30

Saddle joint

Answer 30

_Saddle-shaped convex & concave surfaces _Biaxial movements

Question 31

Ball and Socket joint

Answer 31

Sphere in a concave socket yielding multiaxial movement

Question 32

Arterial anastomosis

Answer 32

Matrix of interconnected arteries that allow for continual blood flow when joint is in extreme positions

Question 33

Hilton's Law

Answer 33

Joint is innervated by the branch of nerves that innervates the muscle that moves that joint

Question 34

Superficial fascia

Answer 34

_Deep to the dermis _Allows for freer movement of skin over deeper structures

Question 35

Deep fascia

Answer 35

_Dense,connective tissue found deep to the superficial fascia _Intermuscular septa to compartmentalize similarly functioning/innervated muscle groups _Extensions form muscle bundles

Question 36

Retinacula

Answer 36

Thickened deep fascia near joints that act as pulleys for tendons

Question 37

Skeletal muscle

Answer 37

Voluntary, striated

Question 38

Smooth muscle

Answer 38

Involuntary, non-striated

Question 39

Cardiac muscle

Answer 39

Involuntary, branched/striated

Question 40

Tendons

Answer 40

Connect muscle to bone

Question 41

Tendon sheath

Answer 41

Serous membrane that encloses a tendon with synovial fluid on the inside to reduce friction

Question 42

Aponeurosis

Answer 42

Wide, flattened tendinous sheet that forms attaching structure for various muscle groups

Question 43

Agonist

Answer 43

Main muscle that produces movement

Question 44

Antagonist

Answer 44

Muscle that opposes the primary mover to create smooth movement

Question 45

Fixator

Answer 45

Isometrically contracts to stabilize the origin of the primary mover

Question 46

Synergist

Answer 46

Assists the primary mover either by providing similar forces or adjusts the system to modify the action

Question 47

Tributaries

Answer 47

Where veins join together

Question 48

Afferent/Sensory NS

Answer 48

Bring info to the CNS (Afferent accesses CNS)

Question 49

Efferent/motor

Answer 49

Takes info away from the CNS (Efferent exits CNS)