velum research Flashcards
velopharyngeal opening (VPO)
distinguishes nasal from oral sounds
nasal continuum hypothesis
nasality in speech exists along a continuum; not binary feature (nasal vs oral)
who did the study include
nine native speakers of Québécois French; 19-30 yrs
what data source did the study use?
x-ray videofluorography (used for swallowing)
degree of velopharyngeal opening from full open to fully closed in previous studies
speech pauses > phonemically nasal vowels > nasal consonants > contextually nasal vowels (carryover > anticipatory) > oral sounds (low vowels > high vowels > consonants)
what was the study analyzing?
measuring the velopharyngeal opening (VPO) across different speech segments
data analysis methods
imagej (assignment 5); counted pixels; analyzed nasal consonants, phonemically and contextually nasalized vowels, oral sounds
what type of filter did they apply to smooth VPO signal for more reliable analysis
low-pass filter which adjusted for high-frequency fluctuations
results on VPO
continuum of VPO targets across speech segments; largest VPO observed during speech pauses
which types of sounds showed distinct VPO targets and which of the 2 exhibit larger VPOs than the other?
phonemically nasal vowels larger VPO than nasal consonants
which sound demonstrated the smallest VPO and what hypothesis is it consistent with?
oral sounds; velopharyngeal port is closed for oral articulation
which sounds showed intermediate VPO sizes and which one has greater VPO than the other?
contextually nasalized vowels; anticipatory > carryover which challenges previous assumptions
final continuum of degree of VPO from this study
speech pauses > phonemically nasal vowels > nasal consonants > contextually nasal vowels (anticipatory > carryover) > oral sounds
3 key findings of this study
-supports nasal continuum hypothesis in Québécois French
-distinct VPO targets for phonemically nasal vowels, nasal consonants, contextually nasalized vowels
-anticipatory nasalization > carryover nasalization
