measuring facial activity

Question 1

labials in phonology (what sounds)

Answer 1

bilabial constrictions, labiodental constrictions, rounded constrictions

Question 2

lip shapes for bilabials e.g. [p, b]

Answer 2

flat, spread relatively wider
-facilitates formation of a tight seal
-allows increased air pressure to build up
-considerable overshoot

Question 3

between spanish [p] and english [p], which one activates electromyography more?

Answer 3

english [p] cuz greater amount of pressure/air
spanish: constriction remains closed for longer amount of time; less strong activation of lips

Question 4

t/f: overshoot still holds for english and spanish [p]

Answer 4

true

Question 5

lip shapes for labiodentals e.g. [f, v]

Answer 5

lower lip retracted & raised to touch teeth
-semi-closure; imperfect seal
-no overshoot needed; overshoot might risk turning fricative into stop; but still using overshooting

Question 6

do labiodentals use overshooting?

Answer 6

yes even if they don’t need it

Question 7

do we overshoot with rounded posture?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

t/f: [ʊ] requires less fine control of OO muscles than [u]

Answer 8

lax vs tense; true

Question 9

electromagnetic articulometer (EMA)

Answer 9

-tracks/records movements of speech articulators in real time in 3D space
-sensors and magnetic fields
-useful for tongue, lips, jaw etc.

Question 10

key features of Electromagnetic articulometer (EMA)

Answer 10

-high temporal resolution
-accurate data collection
-non-invasive
-3D

Question 11

openface

Answer 11

-real-time analysis of facial behaviour
-non-invasive

Question 12

open face #52 (left upper lip) correlates to which muscle

Answer 12

levator labii superioris

Question 13

action units (facial action coding system)

Answer 13

description of specific facial movements corresponds to which facial muscles

Question 14

review: what does risorius muscle do (AU 20)

Answer 14

lip stretch horizontally