larynx (intrinsic)

Question 1

cartilaginous structures of larynx

Answer 1

cricoid, thyroid, arytenoids, epiglottis

Question 2

T/F: larynx has bones

Answer 2

false; larynx lacks bones; made up of cartilages

Question 3

what cartilages can you not see from the anterior (front) view?

Answer 3

arytenoid cartilages

Question 4

hyoid bone

Answer 4

only bone in body not attached to any other bones

Question 5

where is hyoid bone

Answer 5

at the top of the larynx

Question 6

laryngeal cartilages (and bone) in order from top to bottom

Answer 6

epiglottis, hyoid bone, thyroid, arytenoids, cricoid, trachea (EHTACT)

Question 7

what is also known as the adam’s apple?

Answer 7

thyroid cartilage

Question 8

thyroid cartilage main functions

Answer 8

protects other structures

Question 9

what cartilage does thyroid sit on?

Answer 9

cricoid cartilage

Question 10

cricoid cartilage is a full ring: ___ in back, __ in front

Answer 10

wider; thinner

Question 11

gap in trachea is filled with __

Answer 11

membranes

Question 12

difference between tracheal segment and cricoid cartilage?

Answer 12

cricoid is full ring, trachea is open in back

Question 13

where does arytenoid cartilage sit?

Answer 13

on top of cricoid cartilage

Question 14

where does vocal fold attach?

Answer 14

to corners of arytenoid cartilages (that’s why we have two of them)

Question 15

facets

Answer 15

where the cartilages make contact/connects with each other/ attachment points with structures

Question 16

which view to see lamina?

Answer 16

posterior view only

Question 17

processes

Answer 17

any pointy projections

Question 18

each arytenoid has two processes: __ process and __ process

Answer 18

muscular; vocal

Question 19

muscular process on arytenoids face ___ and attach with ___ & ___ muscles

Answer 19

outwards; PCA & LCA

Question 20

vocal process on arytenoids face__; are the attachments points for __

Answer 20

inwards; vocal folds

Question 21

corniculate cartilages sit where?

Answer 21

on top of arytenoid cartilages

Question 22

parts of thyroid cartilages

Answer 22

inferior and superior horns (2 of each), laryngeal prominence, lamina, superior and inferior thyroid notch, oblique line

Question 23

inferior horns attach to

Answer 23

cricoid cartilage (facets)

Question 24

inside attachment points of thyroid

Answer 24

true vocal cord attachment, false vocal cord attachment, attachment of epiglottis

Question 25

false vocal cords can

Answer 25

manipulate resonance and fundamental frequencies (e.g. throat singing)

Question 26

movement of arytenoid cartilages and what it does

Answer 26

-rotation (left and right): bring vocal folds together or apart -slide/gliding (closer or away from each other)

Question 27

epiglottis primary function and location

Answer 27

protective flap to protect trachea and larynx in throat so food passes down esophagus

Question 28

T/F: cuneiform and corniculate are both on top of arytenoid

Answer 28

true; not very important for speech production?

Question 29

the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage are attached to

Answer 29

cricoid cartilage

Question 30

intrinsic muscles of larynx

Answer 30

PCA (posterior cricoarytenoid)

Question 31

PCA muscles

Answer 31

posterior cricoarytenoid muscles (2) originates from outside surface of cricoid c.; open/abduct glottis; vital for breathing and voice modulation

Question 32

LCA muscles

Answer 32

lateral cricoarytenoid muscles originates inside cricoid c; brings vocal folds together

Question 33

PCA vs LCA muscles differences/similarities

Answer 33

both attached to muscle process of arytenoid; PCA attached to outside of cricoid c.; LCA attached to inside of LCA

Question 34

interarytenoid (IA) muscles (where and two types)

Answer 34

attach to arytenoid cartilages on posterior side; transverse and oblique

Question 35

when oblique and transverse arytenoid muscles contract, what happens to vocal cords?

Answer 35

they come closer together

Question 36

what does Oblique arytenoid, transverse arytenoid, and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles all have in common?

Answer 36

when they contract, they bring vocal folds closer together

Question 37

oblique arytenoid muscle shape

Answer 37

X shape

Question 38

aryepiglottic muscle and aryepiglottic folds (what and function)

Answer 38

extension of the oblique arytenoid muscle which forms aryepiglottic folds; contribute to protection of larynx during swallowing

Question 39

cricothyroid (CT) muscle

Answer 39

pitch control; pulls thyroid cartilage forward when contracts; increases F0 (pitch) when contracts (e.g. more tension on guitar strings means higher frequency of vibration)

Question 40

vocal folds made up of

Answer 40

vocalis muscle and vocal ligament

Question 41

abduction (what and which muscle)

Answer 41

PCA abducts (brings apart)

Question 42

adduction (what and which muscle)

Answer 42

LCA and IA adducts (brings closer)

Question 43

what muscles primarily responsible for making sure vocal folds stay apart for aspiration?

Answer 43

PCA muscles

Question 44

Ferrein's String Theory (1741)

Answer 44

idea that vocal folds vibrate like strings of a violin

Question 45

Neurochronaxic Theory (Husson, 1950)

Answer 45

theory that each vocal fold vibration controlled by neural activation of muscles; each vibration is by a conscious command by body; separate muscle contraction for each vibration

Question 46

Bernouilli Principle

Answer 46

within a flowing fluid (and gases), there is an inverse relationship between pressure and velocity

Question 47

according to Bernouilli's principle, with faster airflow, air pressure is __

Answer 47

lower

Question 48

according to Bernouilli's principle, with slower airflow, air pressure is __

Answer 48

higher