larynx (intrinsic) Flashcards
cartilaginous structures of larynx
cricoid, thyroid, arytenoids, epiglottis
T/F: larynx has bones
false; larynx lacks bones; made up of cartilages
what cartilages can you not see from the anterior (front) view?
arytenoid cartilages
hyoid bone
only bone in body not attached to any other bones
where is hyoid bone
at the top of the larynx
laryngeal cartilages (and bone) in order from top to bottom
epiglottis, hyoid bone, thyroid, arytenoids, cricoid, trachea (EHTACT)
what is also known as the adam’s apple?
thyroid cartilage
thyroid cartilage main functions
protects other structures
what cartilage does thyroid sit on?
cricoid cartilage
cricoid cartilage is a full ring: ___ in back, __ in front
wider; thinner
gap in trachea is filled with __
membranes
difference between tracheal segment and cricoid cartilage?
cricoid is full ring, trachea is open in back
where does arytenoid cartilage sit?
on top of cricoid cartilage
where does vocal fold attach?
to corners of arytenoid cartilages (that’s why we have two of them)
facets
where the cartilages make contact/connects with each other/ attachment points with structures
which view to see lamina?
posterior view only
processes
any pointy projections
each arytenoid has two processes: __ process and __ process
muscular; vocal
muscular process on arytenoids face ___ and attach with ___ & ___ muscles
outwards; PCA & LCA
vocal process on arytenoids face__; are the attachments points for __
inwards; vocal folds
corniculate cartilages sit where?
on top of arytenoid cartilages
parts of thyroid cartilages
inferior and superior horns (2 of each), laryngeal prominence, lamina, superior and inferior thyroid notch, oblique line
inferior horns attach to
cricoid cartilage (facets)
inside attachment points of thyroid
true vocal cord attachment, false vocal cord attachment, attachment of epiglottis
false vocal cords can
manipulate resonance and fundamental frequencies (e.g. throat singing)
movement of arytenoid cartilages and what it does
-rotation (left and right): bring vocal folds together or apart
-slide/gliding (closer or away from each other)
epiglottis primary function and location
protective flap to protect trachea and larynx in throat so food passes down esophagus
T/F: cuneiform and corniculate are both on top of arytenoid
true; not very important for speech production?
the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage are attached to
cricoid cartilage
intrinsic muscles of larynx
PCA (posterior cricoarytenoid)
PCA muscles
posterior cricoarytenoid muscles (2) originates from outside surface of cricoid c.; open/abduct glottis; vital for breathing and voice modulation
LCA muscles
lateral cricoarytenoid muscles originates inside cricoid c; brings vocal folds together
PCA vs LCA muscles differences/similarities
both attached to muscle process of arytenoid; PCA attached to outside of cricoid c.; LCA attached to inside of LCA
interarytenoid (IA) muscles (where and two types)
attach to arytenoid cartilages on posterior side; transverse and oblique
when oblique and transverse arytenoid muscles contract, what happens to vocal cords?
they come closer together
what does Oblique arytenoid, transverse arytenoid, and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles all have in common?
when they contract, they bring vocal folds closer together
oblique arytenoid muscle shape
X shape
aryepiglottic muscle and aryepiglottic folds (what and function)
extension of the oblique arytenoid muscle which forms aryepiglottic folds; contribute to protection of larynx during swallowing
cricothyroid (CT) muscle
pitch control; pulls thyroid cartilage forward when contracts; increases F0 (pitch) when contracts (e.g. more tension on guitar strings means higher frequency of vibration)
vocal folds made up of
vocalis muscle and vocal ligament
abduction (what and which muscle)
PCA abducts (brings apart)
adduction (what and which muscle)
LCA and IA adducts (brings closer)
what muscles primarily responsible for making sure vocal folds stay apart for aspiration?
PCA muscles
Ferrein’s String Theory (1741)
idea that vocal folds vibrate like strings of a violin
Neurochronaxic Theory (Husson, 1950)
theory that each vocal fold vibration controlled by neural activation of muscles; each vibration is by a conscious command by body; separate muscle contraction for each vibration
Bernouilli Principle
within a flowing fluid (and gases), there is an inverse relationship between pressure and velocity
according to Bernouilli’s principle, with faster airflow, air pressure is __
lower
according to Bernouilli’s principle, with slower airflow, air pressure is __
higher
