intrinsic tongue muscles Flashcards
review: extrinsic tongue muscles
genioglossus, palatoglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus
four main intrinsic tongue muscles
-superior longitudinal
-inferior longitudinal
-transverse/transversus
-vertical/verticalis
superior longitudinal muscle (location and functions)
-lies immediately beneath mucous membrane on upper surface
-muscle fibres run longitudinally from root to apex of tongue
-shortens tongue, pulls tip up and back which makes dorsal surface of tongue curl up (paper demo)
septum
boundary in the middle of the tongue that divides left and right side; vertically, it stops at the superior longitudinal muscle
what does the lingual aponeurosis do in tongue?
helps with strength and stability
where else do we have aponeurosis?
all over body; also studied in velum
examples of speech sounds that would use superior longitudinal muscle
retroflexes, coronals
Superior longitudinal muscle does what?
tongue tip curling upward
inferior longitudinal muscle (location and functions)
-along the underside of the tongue on either side of genioglossus, medial to hyoglossus muscles
-separated by septum
-pulls tongue tip downward; gives tongue convex shape
superior vs inferior longitudinals
superior muscle was a sheet; inferior runs along either side of the genioglossus; superior pulls tongue tip upwards; inferior pulls tongue tip downwards
related speech sounds with inferior longitudinal muscle
sounds that require tongue tip to go downward; flaps
transversus/transverse muscle (location and functions)
muscle fibres run laterally across tongue on both sides of septum; below superior longitudinal; above inferior longitudinal
-originates at lingual septum inserts into lingual margin
-narrows tongue from side-to-side; can elongate and vertically thicken the tongue
-helps in protrusion
lingual margin
lateral edge of tongue
related speech sounds to transverse muscles
[i-u-i-u]
-[u] activates transverse muscles (posterior genioglossus also used in [u] to bring tongue forward)
review: which tongue muscle helps tongue stick out to the front
posterior genioglossus (not anterior; counterintuitive)
verticalis/vertical muscle (location and functions)
perpendicular to & interwoven with transverse muscles
-more concentrated in anterior part of tongue
-wider at bottom than top
-in between superior & inferior longitudinal
-pulls upper surface of tongue downward; flattens and widens tongue
-opposite of transverse
speech sounds related to verticalis muscle
[s], ‘beetle’
in the final consonant of ‘moth’, which muscles activated (best option)?
verticalis (tongue needs to be spread across teeth)
(maybe?) superior longitudinal (upward movement) due to beginning of word where tongue is already up
which sequence should have an activation of superior longitudinal muscles?
[ka-ka-ka-ka]
[ma-ma-ma-ma]
[la-la-la-la]
[ba-ba-ba-ba]
la
