PNS Flashcards by liz c

what does PNS connect?

limbs to organs

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cranial nerves emerge from

brain

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spinal nerves emerge from

spinal cord

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nerves are

bundles of fibres/axons

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fibres refers to

axons

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three types of peripheral nerves

sensory, motor, mixed

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sensory nerves

carry info from body to CNS

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motor nerves

carry info from CNS to body

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mixed nerves

contain both sensory & motor FIBRES; can carry info to and from body and CNS

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sensory cranial nerves

olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear (hearing/balance)

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T/F: olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear (hearing/balance) are exclusively sensory

true

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motor cranial nerves

oculomotor, trocochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglossal

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what three motor cranial nerves control eye muscle movements?

oculomotor, trocochlear, abducens

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accessory is the motor cranial nerve pair for

neck

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hypoglossal is the motor cranial nerve pair for

tongue

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List the mixed cranial nerves

trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

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facial sensation controlled by

trigeminal mixed cranial nerves

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facial expression controlled by

facial nerve (CNVII)

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glossopharyngeal mixed cranial nerve

taste, throat sensation, swallowing

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vagus is the mixed cranial nerve pair for

organ control

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trigeminal vs facial nerve?

trigeminal- facial sensation
facial nerve- facial muscle

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name all the cranial nerves in order

Olfactory nerve (CN I), optic nerve (CN II), oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), and hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
OOOTTAFVGVAH

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CN I

Olfactory

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CN II

Optic

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CN III

Oculomotor

CN IV

Trochlear

CN V

Trigeminal

CN VI

Abducens

CN VII

Facial

CN VIII

Vestibulocochlear

CN IX

Glossopharyngeal

CN X

Vagus

CN XI

Accesory

CN XII

Hypoglossal

spine has __ vertebrae

33 vertebrae

spine is divided into _ regions:

5 regions of the spine

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

how many cervical verterbrae?

how many cervical spinal nerves?

how many thoracic verterbrae and spinal nerves?

how many lumbar verterbrae and spinal nerves?

how many sacral verterbrae and spinal nerves?

how many coccygeal verterbrae?

3-5

how many coccygeal spinal nerves?

afferent nerves also known as

sensory nerves

efferent nerves also known as

motor nerves

cervical nerves (C1-C8) responsible for

neck, shoulder, arms, hands

T/F: spinal nerves composed of only afferent fibres

false; composed of efferent & afferent fibres

where does each spinal nerve emerge from and where does it go through?

emerges from spinal cord; through intervertebral foramina

thoracic nerves (T1-T12) responsible for

chest, some abdominal muscles, midback

lumbar & sacral nerves responsible for

lower abdomen, legs, bowel, bladder

phrenic nerve

provides motor innervation to diaphragm; essential for breathing; originates from cervical spine nerves (C3, C4, C5)

damage to phrenic nerve can result in

diaphragmatic paralysis or dysfunction (affects respiratory function)

skeletal muscles contain

muscle fibres, connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves

skeletal muscles contain muscle fibre bundles called

fascicle

skeletal muscles->___->___

fascicles; myofibrils

myofibril segments are called

sarcomeres

mechanism of muscle contraction

myosin filaments attach to actin filaments and bend which contracts the sarcomere

what attaches to what in sliding filament theory

myosin filaments attach to actin filaments

roof-collapsing analogy with motor units

not all muscles are activated at once; each motor unit control a subset of fibres in the muscle; equally dispersed

plasma membrane that surrounds muscle fibre

sarcolemma

why do you get thrown off when you go to pick up something that was lighter than you expected?

cuz you recruited too many motor units to do the task

basic functional unit of a muscle fibre responsible for muscle contraction

sarcomere

olfactory (I)

sensory; smell

optic (II)

sensory; vision

oculomotor (III)

eye movement & pupil reflex

trochlear (IV)

eye movement

trigeminal (V)

face sensation & chewing

abducens (VI)

eye movement

facial (VII)

face movement & taste

vestibulocochlear (VIII)

hearing & balance

glossopharyngeal (IX)

throat sensation, taste, swallowing

vagus (X)

movement, sensation, abdominal organs

accessory (XI)

neck movement

hypoglossal (XII)

movement, sensation, abdominal organs (tongue)