facial muscles Flashcards
what is special about the lips and face in comparison to other speech muscles?
visual and tactile feedback
Ménard et al (2009) results on blind speakers of french
blind speakers of french use reduced acoustic vowel contrasts, indicating visual feedback enhances vowel articulation
sighted speakers with speech
sighted speakers adjust speech using visual cues from interlocutors’ faces (Mcgurk effect)
multimodal feedback for
how we produce and perceive speech
facial muscles (https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/colourcoded-head-muscle-chart-8c1bcc3685cd40b3bd6b42e0445522a5)
orbicularis oris, risorius, zygomaticus minor and major, levator labii superioris, levator anguli oris, levator labii superioris alaque nasi, masseter, buccinator, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, mentalis
most important muscle for moving lips
orbicularis oris forms body of the lips; also includes area encircling the lips
muscles for smiling
risorius and zygomaticus major :)
orbicularis oris (OO)
sphincter-like actions, central to lip movements; forms ring (anatomical sphincter), composed of MULTIPLE fibre layers from superficial to deep
-superficial vs deep, marginal vs peripheral, superior vs inferior
layers of Orbicularis oris
-superficial layer: fine tuning
-deep layer: strength
superficial layer for Orbicularis oris
enables fine-tuned lip shaping & nuanced facial expressions; works with risorius and zygomaticus
deep layer for Orbicularis oris
-located near bone and connective tissues
-provides strength for tight lip seal, gripping, pressure generation (e.g. bilabials)
concentric organization of orbicularis oris
marginal part (OOm): inner zone close to mouth opening (rounded, unprotruded lips)
peripheral part (OOp): outer zone (lip protrusion)
-never the case where only one is activated and not the other one
marginal part (OOm) of orbicularis oris
inner zone close to mouth opening
-“inrounded” shapes, produces rounded, unprotruded lips
-e.g. rounded front vowels [y]
peripheral part (OOp)
-outer zone, farther from center
-produces lip protrusion
-“outrounded” shapes
- e.g. back rounded vowels [u], [o]
orbicularis oris superior vs inferior
OOs vs OOi; enables asymmetrical lip movements in speech and expression
orbicularis oris superior (OOs)
controls upper lip movement
-contributes to labial closure and expressions like smiling
orbicularis oris inferior (OOi)
controls lower lip movement
-active in labiodental sounds like [f] and [v]
-can work independently from OOs in many articulations
buccinator muscle
-coordinates with OO to shape and tense lips
-inner cheek wall, extending from pterygomandibular raphe to mouth corners
-contributes to spread lip shapes (e.g. /i/) & stiffens cheeks to maintain intraoral pressure
-for chewing, sucking, keeping food in place
what muscle helps make blowing air out more forceful? (helps maintain intraoral pressure)
buccinator muscle
risorius muscle
unique to humans, “laugh muscle”
-from masseter to corners of mouth
-“insincere smile”; horizontal pull
mentalis muscle
“pouting muscle”
-o: front of mandible
-i: skin of chin
-pulls chin up towards lower lip
levator labii superioris (LLS) muscle
broad sheet of muscle on either side of nose
-o: lower orbit of eyes to the zygomatic arch
-i: upper lip
-deep in relation to surrounding muscles
zygomaticus major and minor muscles
-major: “sincere” smile; raises corners of mouth
-major is more lateral than minor
-minor: opening upper lip
-both o from zygomatic arch
-both i into corners of mouth
depressor anguli oris muscle
-also known as triangularis menti
-o: from lower edge of mandible
-i: into angles or sides of mouth
-frowning, pulling upper lip downward
depressor labii superioris muscle
-pair of small muscles originating from lower edge of mandible
-inserts into skin of lower lip
-lowering and spreading lower lip
difference between depressor labii inferioris and depressor anguli oris
depressor labii inferioris brings down bottom lip;
depressor anguli oris brings down corner of mouth
