Vector & Zoonotic Bacterial Infections Flashcards
What can be used for treatment of Rickettsia typhi?
Tetracycline, chloramphenicol
What symptoms are associated with Rickettsia prowazekii infection?
Rash (starting at trunk and spreading to extremities), fever, chills, malaise, myocarditis, stupor, delirium
What bacteria cause human granulocytic Ehrlichiosis?
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
What antibiotics are used for treatment of Brucella spp.?
Doxycycline / Tetracyclines
Undulant fever is associated with infection by what bacteria?
Brucella melitensis
Rat-bite fever is associated with what bacterial infection?
Streptobacillus moniliformis
What symptoms are associated with Lyme disease?
RIng rash, flu-like symptoms, neurologic and rheumatologic symptoms when untreated
What can be used for treatment of Ehrlichiosis or Anaplasmosis infection?
Doxycycline
DEET
This zoonotic bacteria is G-, does not gram stain, and transmits through the urine of wild and domestic animals. What is the bacteria?
Leptospira spp.
IFA titers can be used to diagnose what bacterial infection?
Rickettsia spp.
Coxiella burnetii causes both acute and chronic diseases. What symptoms are associated with acute infection?
Usually moderate, flu-like illness with onset of headache, fever, chills, photophobia, and dry cough. These symptoms are indicative of Q fever.
Fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and muscle pain with a rash that starts on the extremities and migrates to the truck is associated with what disease/bacteria infection?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / R. rickettsii
What can be used to treat or prevent R. rickettsii infection?
Doxycycline
Tick avoidance and quick removal
Streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin may be used to treat what bacterial infection?
Francisella tularensis
What are the most well-known Leptospira spp.?
L. interrogans, L. alexanderi, L. borgpetersenii
What populations are at the highest risk for zoonotic infections?
Children, pregnant women, elderly, immunocompromised
How is Leptospira spp. infection treated?
Doxycycline
What symptoms are specific to Leptospira spp. and indicative of infection? What other symptoms are associated with infection?
Conjunctival suffusion (red eyes) with jaundice
Other symptoms: high fever, headache, bleeding, muscle pain, chills. red eyes, vomiting, organ damage
An eschar (dark, scab-like region), possible mental changes, enlarged lymph nodes, and rash are associated with infection by what bacteria?
Orientia tsutsugamushi
What symptoms are associated with Bartonella quintana infection?
Headache, dizziness, shin pain, recurrent fevers, lymphadenopathy, bacillary angiomatosis
What symptoms are associated with Pasteurella spp. infection?
Cellulitis, lymphadenitis (most commonly)
Rapidly progressing cellulitis, abscesses, tenosynovitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis (complications)
Ehrlichia chaffeensis targets what host cells?
Monocytes
What symptoms are associated with endemic typhus?
Fever, chills, headache, malaise, rash beginning at trunk and moves to extremities
What virulence factors are associated with Leptospira spp.?
Hemolysis, proteases, survival in macrophages, plasmin activation
What methods may be used for diagosnis of Ehrlichia chaffeensis or Anaplasm phagocytophilum?
Blood PCR, IgG titers, Immunohistochemistry
What other diseases may be spread by the same ticks that transmit Lyme disease?
Rickettsiosis, Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Tularemia
This bacteria is known to cause abortions in ruminants, especially cattle. What is the bacteria?
Brucella abortus
What characteristics are associated with Streptobacillus moniliformis?
G-, aerobic, highly pleomorphic, normal flora of rodent oropharynx
Infection with this bacteria often resolves without treatment. More serious systemic disease may be treated with chloramphenicol or ciprofloxacin.
Bartonella henselae
What symptoms is characteristic of Bartonella henselae infection?
Regional lymphadenitis after a papule at the site of a cat scratch
What symptoms/diseases are associated with Francisella tularensis?
Ulcerograndular (painful swelling of regional lymph nodes) & pneumonia
Rickettsia spp. are separated into two groups. What are these groups and relevant species within each group?
Typhus group - R. prowazekii, R. typhi
Spotted fever group - R. rickettsia, R. conorii, R. parkerii
What bacteria is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?
R. rickettsii
Infection with this bacteria is often associated with rabbits or cats that have been hunting rabbits.
Francisella tularensis
This bacteria has an affinity for placental tissues and may cause late-pregnancy abortions, although the reasoning is unknown. What bacteria is being described?
Coxiella burnetii
This facultative intracellular, G- rod is transmitted by domestic cats.
Bartonella henselae
This bacteria is the causative agent of Lyme disease.
Borrelia burgdorferi
What symptoms are associated with Brucella spp. infection?
Fever, malaise, anorexia, sweats, headache, fatigue, bone/joint paint
This G- coccobacillus is part of the normal flora of dogs and cats and may transmit through bites.
Pasteurella spp.
Diagnosis of Lyme disease requires two-tier testing. Why is this? What is being tested for?
The bacteria are extremely difficult to identify in peripheral blood smears
Tests detect the presence of Lyme antibodies
Symptoms of Ehrlichia infection are similar to that of what disease?
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
What are the relevant Pasteurella spp.?
P. multocida, P. canis
True/False. Needles are an example of an inanimate vector.
True. Needles are a mechanical vector.
What are the relevant Brucella spp.?
B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis
B. burgdorferi are known to switch antigens on the bacterial surface after infection. What causes this change?
Changes in temperature during feeding of the tick on a host
What characteristics are associated with Brucella spp.?
G-, fastidious, aerobic, capnophilic, slow growing, intracellular
Chronic infection of Coxiella burnetii manifests pericarditis, endocarditis, and hepatitis. How does treatment of chronic disease differ from that of acute disease?
Acute infections are treated with doxycycline for 10-14 days. Chronic infection requires treatment with both doxycycline and chloroquine for 18-24 months.
What are the symptoms of rat-bite fever?
Relapsing fever, shaking chills, myalgia, asymmetric polyarthritis, nausea, vomiting, erythematous papulovesicular rash at the site of bite
This bacteria has been found in flying squirrels and leads to epidemic typhus.
Rickettsia prowazekii
How are zoonotic diseases spread?
Direct contact with animals, indirect contact with areas where animals live and roam, vectors, foodborne
Rickettsia typhi is associated with what disease?
Endemic typhus
This G-, obligate intracellular bacterium infects vascular endothelial cells and may cause severe disease.
Rickettsia spp.
What can be used to treat and prevent Orientia tsutsugamushi infection?
Doxycycline
DEET (targets nymphs)
A pathogen is known to be highly virulent, G-, pleomorphic, obligate intracellular, and resists phagolysosomal degradation. What bacteria have these characteristics?
Coxiella burnetti
This form of vector maintenance maintains the pathogen within the vector during growth/metamorphosis.
Transstadial
What is transovarial maintenance in a vector?
A form of vector transmission in which the pathogen is transmitted from the infected vector to its offspring.
What antibiotics are used for treatment of Streptobacillus moniliformis infection?
Amoxicillin, penicillin, erythromycin, or doxycycline
What zoonotic/vector bacteria infections are associated with homelessness?
Bartonella quintana & Rickettsia typhi
