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I&I - M1T1 > Vector & Zoonotic Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Vector & Zoonotic Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What can be used for treatment of Rickettsia typhi?

A

Tetracycline, chloramphenicol

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2
Q

What symptoms are associated with Rickettsia prowazekii infection?

A

Rash (starting at trunk and spreading to extremities), fever, chills, malaise, myocarditis, stupor, delirium

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3
Q

What bacteria cause human granulocytic Ehrlichiosis?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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4
Q

What antibiotics are used for treatment of Brucella spp.?

A

Doxycycline / Tetracyclines

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5
Q

Undulant fever is associated with infection by what bacteria?

A

Brucella melitensis

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6
Q

Rat-bite fever is associated with what bacterial infection?

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

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7
Q

What symptoms are associated with Lyme disease?

A

RIng rash, flu-like symptoms, neurologic and rheumatologic symptoms when untreated

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8
Q

What can be used for treatment of Ehrlichiosis or Anaplasmosis infection?

A

Doxycycline

DEET

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9
Q

This zoonotic bacteria is G-, does not gram stain, and transmits through the urine of wild and domestic animals. What is the bacteria?

A

Leptospira spp.

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10
Q

IFA titers can be used to diagnose what bacterial infection?

A

Rickettsia spp.

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11
Q

Coxiella burnetii causes both acute and chronic diseases. What symptoms are associated with acute infection?

A

Usually moderate, flu-like illness with onset of headache, fever, chills, photophobia, and dry cough. These symptoms are indicative of Q fever.

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12
Q

Fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and muscle pain with a rash that starts on the extremities and migrates to the truck is associated with what disease/bacteria infection?

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / R. rickettsii

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13
Q

What can be used to treat or prevent R. rickettsii infection?

A

Doxycycline

Tick avoidance and quick removal

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14
Q

Streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin may be used to treat what bacterial infection?

A

Francisella tularensis

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15
Q

What are the most well-known Leptospira spp.?

A

L. interrogans, L. alexanderi, L. borgpetersenii

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16
Q

What populations are at the highest risk for zoonotic infections?

A

Children, pregnant women, elderly, immunocompromised

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17
Q

How is Leptospira spp. infection treated?

A

Doxycycline

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18
Q

What symptoms are specific to Leptospira spp. and indicative of infection? What other symptoms are associated with infection?

A

Conjunctival suffusion (red eyes) with jaundice

Other symptoms: high fever, headache, bleeding, muscle pain, chills. red eyes, vomiting, organ damage

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19
Q

An eschar (dark, scab-like region), possible mental changes, enlarged lymph nodes, and rash are associated with infection by what bacteria?

A

Orientia tsutsugamushi

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20
Q

What symptoms are associated with Bartonella quintana infection?

A

Headache, dizziness, shin pain, recurrent fevers, lymphadenopathy, bacillary angiomatosis

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21
Q

What symptoms are associated with Pasteurella spp. infection?

A

Cellulitis, lymphadenitis (most commonly)

Rapidly progressing cellulitis, abscesses, tenosynovitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis (complications)

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22
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis targets what host cells?

A

Monocytes

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23
Q

What symptoms are associated with endemic typhus?

A

Fever, chills, headache, malaise, rash beginning at trunk and moves to extremities

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24
Q

What virulence factors are associated with Leptospira spp.?

A

Hemolysis, proteases, survival in macrophages, plasmin activation

25
Q

What methods may be used for diagosnis of Ehrlichia chaffeensis or Anaplasm phagocytophilum?

A

Blood PCR, IgG titers, Immunohistochemistry

26
Q

What other diseases may be spread by the same ticks that transmit Lyme disease?

A

Rickettsiosis, Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Tularemia

27
Q

This bacteria is known to cause abortions in ruminants, especially cattle. What is the bacteria?

A

Brucella abortus

28
Q

What characteristics are associated with Streptobacillus moniliformis?

A

G-, aerobic, highly pleomorphic, normal flora of rodent oropharynx

29
Q

Infection with this bacteria often resolves without treatment. More serious systemic disease may be treated with chloramphenicol or ciprofloxacin.

A

Bartonella henselae

30
Q

What symptoms is characteristic of Bartonella henselae infection?

A

Regional lymphadenitis after a papule at the site of a cat scratch

31
Q

What symptoms/diseases are associated with Francisella tularensis?

A

Ulcerograndular (painful swelling of regional lymph nodes) & pneumonia

32
Q

Rickettsia spp. are separated into two groups. What are these groups and relevant species within each group?

A

Typhus group - R. prowazekii, R. typhi

Spotted fever group - R. rickettsia, R. conorii, R. parkerii

33
Q

What bacteria is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

A

R. rickettsii

34
Q

Infection with this bacteria is often associated with rabbits or cats that have been hunting rabbits.

A

Francisella tularensis

35
Q

This bacteria has an affinity for placental tissues and may cause late-pregnancy abortions, although the reasoning is unknown. What bacteria is being described?

A

Coxiella burnetii

36
Q

This facultative intracellular, G- rod is transmitted by domestic cats.

A

Bartonella henselae

37
Q

This bacteria is the causative agent of Lyme disease.

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

38
Q

What symptoms are associated with Brucella spp. infection?

A

Fever, malaise, anorexia, sweats, headache, fatigue, bone/joint paint

39
Q

This G- coccobacillus is part of the normal flora of dogs and cats and may transmit through bites.

A

Pasteurella spp.

40
Q

Diagnosis of Lyme disease requires two-tier testing. Why is this? What is being tested for?

A

The bacteria are extremely difficult to identify in peripheral blood smears

Tests detect the presence of Lyme antibodies

41
Q

Symptoms of Ehrlichia infection are similar to that of what disease?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

42
Q

What are the relevant Pasteurella spp.?

A

P. multocida, P. canis

43
Q

True/False. Needles are an example of an inanimate vector.

A

True. Needles are a mechanical vector.

44
Q

What are the relevant Brucella spp.?

A

B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis

45
Q

B. burgdorferi are known to switch antigens on the bacterial surface after infection. What causes this change?

A

Changes in temperature during feeding of the tick on a host

46
Q

What characteristics are associated with Brucella spp.?

A

G-, fastidious, aerobic, capnophilic, slow growing, intracellular

47
Q

Chronic infection of Coxiella burnetii manifests pericarditis, endocarditis, and hepatitis. How does treatment of chronic disease differ from that of acute disease?

A

Acute infections are treated with doxycycline for 10-14 days. Chronic infection requires treatment with both doxycycline and chloroquine for 18-24 months.

48
Q

What are the symptoms of rat-bite fever?

A

Relapsing fever, shaking chills, myalgia, asymmetric polyarthritis, nausea, vomiting, erythematous papulovesicular rash at the site of bite

49
Q

This bacteria has been found in flying squirrels and leads to epidemic typhus.

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

50
Q

How are zoonotic diseases spread?

A

Direct contact with animals, indirect contact with areas where animals live and roam, vectors, foodborne

51
Q

Rickettsia typhi is associated with what disease?

A

Endemic typhus

52
Q

This G-, obligate intracellular bacterium infects vascular endothelial cells and may cause severe disease.

A

Rickettsia spp.

53
Q

What can be used to treat and prevent Orientia tsutsugamushi infection?

A

Doxycycline

DEET (targets nymphs)

54
Q

A pathogen is known to be highly virulent, G-, pleomorphic, obligate intracellular, and resists phagolysosomal degradation. What bacteria have these characteristics?

A

Coxiella burnetti

55
Q

This form of vector maintenance maintains the pathogen within the vector during growth/metamorphosis.

A

Transstadial

56
Q

What is transovarial maintenance in a vector?

A

A form of vector transmission in which the pathogen is transmitted from the infected vector to its offspring.

57
Q

What antibiotics are used for treatment of Streptobacillus moniliformis infection?

A

Amoxicillin, penicillin, erythromycin, or doxycycline

58
Q

What zoonotic/vector bacteria infections are associated with homelessness?

A

Bartonella quintana & Rickettsia typhi

I&I - M1T1 (36 decks)

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