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I&I - M1T1 > Hematopoiesis & Leukopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis & Leukopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

In order for an HSC to become a mature RBC, what cytokines must be expressed? (Be sure to name all cytokines)

A

SCF, IL-3 and Erythropoietin (EPO)

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2
Q

How do macrophages and dendritic cells differ based on function?

A

The primary function of macrophages is phagocytosis while dendritic cells function in antigen presentation and cytokine secretion.

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3
Q

A complete blood count ordered by a physician for a patient in the ER indicated high levels of neutrophils and band cells. What type of infection does the patient likely have?

A

Bacterial infection

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4
Q

Name all cytokines that must be expressed for the production of a neutrophil.

A

SCF, IL-3 → GMCSF → GCSF

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5
Q

RBCs and WBCs are derived from what progenitor cells?

A

Myeloid progenitor cells

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6
Q

What cytokines are necessary for an HSC cell to differentiate into a myeloid progenitor?

A

Stem cell factor (STF) & IL-3

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7
Q

Where does hematopoiesis take place?

A

Bone marrow (varies prenatal)

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8
Q

In what ways are basophils and mast cells alike?

A

Mast cells contain histamine in their granules and play a role in allergic response, similar to basophils.

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9
Q

What cytokine must be expressed following GCSF to produce an eosinophil?

A

IL-5

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10
Q

Expression of this cytokine results in monocyte production. What cytokine produces granulocytes?

A

Monocyte colony-stimulating factor (MCSF)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF)

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11
Q

What are immature platelets called?

A

Megakaryocyte

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12
Q

This granulocyte plays a role in both parasitic worm infection and allergies.

A

Eosinophils

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13
Q

What is a band cell?

A

An immature neutrophil that has some phagocytosis ability

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14
Q

Hematopoiesis & leukopoiesis start from a single multipotent cell. What is that cell?

A

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

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15
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells divide and daughter cells commit to a particular pathway. What are the cells of these pathways?

A

Myeloid progenitor cells & Lymphoid progenitor cells

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16
Q

Natural killer cells are produced from lymphoid progenitor cells. Name all cytokines that must be secreted for differentiation into a NK cell.

A

IL-7 & IL-15

17
Q

What granulocyte is naturally (as in without infection) most present in the blood?

A

Neutrophils

18
Q

What cytokine stimulates differentiation into T cells?

A

IL-2

19
Q

Hematopoiesis is a continuous process that happens as cells naturally die. What other factors impact hematopoiesis?

A
  • Infections
  • Vitamin or mineral deficiencies
  • Medications
  • Inherited conditions
  • Blood cancers
20
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

The final immature RBC before a mature RBC. The reticulocyte is larger than a mature RBC due to ribosomes, mitochondria, and mRNA used to synthesize remaining hemoglobin.

21
Q

True/False. Both B & T lymphocytes are generated in the bone marrow and are released as mature cells.

A

False. Both B & T cells are generated in the bone marrow, however, only B cells leave as mature cells. T cells mature in the thymus.

22
Q

In order for an HSC to differentiate into a granulocyte monocyte progenitor, what cytokine must be released?

A

Granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF)

23
Q

What CDs are expressed on the surface of B cells?

A

CD19, CD20, CD21

24
Q

Lymphoid progenitor cells produce what cells?

A

B & T lymphocytes and natural killer cells

25
Q

Where do monocytes become macrophages?

A

In tissues

26
Q

What are the three granulocytes?

A

Eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils

27
Q

The presence of CD16 and CD56 on the cell surface is indicative of what cell?

A

Natural Killer cells

28
Q

Expression of IL-7 causes HSC to differentiate into what progenitor cell?

A

Lymphoid progenitor cell

29
Q

This granulocyte plays a role in allergic inflammation.

A

Basophil

30
Q

Expression of IL-4 causes a lymphoid progenitor cell to differentiate into what cell?

A

B cell

31
Q

The presence of IL-11 & Thrombopoietin (TPO) will cause a myeloid progenitor cell to differentiate into what cell?

A

Platelet

32
Q

What morphologically distinguishes a monocyte from a lymphocyte?

A

Monocytes have an invagination in the nucleus, giving it a bean-shaped appearance.

33
Q

Both Helper and Cytotoxic T cells have CD3 on their surface. How can these cells still be differentiated?

A

Helper T cells also display CD4

Cytotoxic T cells also display CD8

34
Q

What cytokines are produced by regulatory T cells?

A

IL-10, TGF-B

35
Q

What CDs are associated with B cells?

A

CD19, CD20, CD21

36
Q

What cytokines are associated with NK cells?

A

CD16, CD56

I&I - M1T1 (36 decks)

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