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I&I - M1T1 > Cell-Mediated Immunity > Flashcards

Cell-Mediated Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What cytokine is responsible for mucous production and peristasis in a Th2 response?

A

IL-13

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2
Q

What is the primary cytokine released by Th1 cells? What is the function of the cytokine?

A

IFN-gamma targets macrophages to promote cytotoxicity

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3
Q

What cytokines stimulate differentiation to Th2 T cells?

A

IL-4 (by Eosinophils and Mast Cells)

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4
Q

What is the primary cytokine released by Th1 cells? What is the function of the cytokine?

A

IFN-gamma targets macrophages to promote cytotoxicity

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5
Q

Lymphocytes circulate throughout the body to secondary lymphoid organs. What is the process by which naive T cells exit the bloodstream and enter the cortex of a lymph node?

A

Controlled by interactions between L-selectin on the lymphocyte and carbohydrate ligands, GlyCAM-1 and CD34 on endothelial venules. Chemokines activate LFA-1 on the lymphocyte to bind ICAMs on the endothelial venule. The lymphocyte is then pulled into the tissue.

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6
Q

Th2 is associated with what types of infections?

A

Infections by helminths

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7
Q

What markers characterize an effector T cell?

A

CD25, IL-2, CD40L, CD69 with the absence of CCR7

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8
Q

The T-cell immune response requires three steps. What are these steps?

A

Activation, proliferation, differentiation

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9
Q

Where are naive T cells activated?

A

Secondary lymphoid tissues

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10
Q

What receptors on the CD4 T cell bind cytokines and mediate differentiation to a Th1 Cell?

A

STAT1 & STAT 4

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11
Q

What interaction is required activation and survival of naive T cells? What is the result of this interaction?

A

B7 on the APC with CD28 on the T cell. This leads to production of IL-2 and its high-affinity receptor on the T cell that receives cytokines released by the APC for differentiation

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12
Q

What markers characterize a memory T cell?

A

CD45RO, low CD62L, CD44

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13
Q

What cytokines stimulate differentiation to Th1 T cells?

A

IL-12 (by NK cells)

STAT4 & STAT1 on the T cell bind cytokines

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14
Q

What markers characterize Naive T cells?

A

L-selectin, CCR7, CD45RA with the absence of CD25, CD44, CD69, & CD45RO

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15
Q

How does the response of an activated CD4 T cell differ from that of a CD8 T cell?

A

CD4 T cells induce intracellular signaling and changes in gene expression. CD8 T cells release cytokines, but for cytotoxicity and not changes in gene expression.

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16
Q

What is the function of the PD-PDL interaction?

A

Inhibits the T cell response

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17
Q

What receptors on the CD4 T cell bind cytokines and mediate differentiation to a Th2 Cell?

A

STAT 6

18
Q

True/False. Th2 responses are associated with disseminated infection and higher pathogen count.

A

True. Conversely, a Th1 response is associated with recovery or controlled infection.

19
Q

The presence of IgG is associated with what effector T cell response?

A

Th1

20
Q

What are the mechanisms by which neutrophils can kill pathogens?

A

Phagolysosome formation or neutrophil extracellular traps

21
Q

What receptor activates NK cells to induce apoptosis? What receptor inhibits apoptosis?

A

Activates - CD16
Inhibits - MHC I

22
Q

CD8 T cells can induce apoptosis by exoticizing granule contents. What is another mechanism by which CD8 cells induce apoptosis?

A

Fas ligand expressed on CD8 T cells bind to the Fas death receptor on cells and induce apoptosis.

23
Q

How do Helper T cells activate and enhance the function of macrophages, dendric cells, and B cells?

A

CD40L on T cells binds CD40 on APCs and enhances their functions.

24
Q

The B7-CD28 interaction is required to stimulate the immune response. What co-stimulatory molecule slows the immune response to regulate T cell activity?

A

CTLA-4

25
Q

What is the funciton of IL-10?

A

Anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits the Th1 response and works in conjunction with TGF-beta

26
Q

A person is diagnosed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and develops granulomas in the lungs. What type of cell-mediated response is likely present?

A

Th1 - chronic stimulation of T cells and macrophages by IFNgamma

27
Q

The leproid version of Mycobacterium leprae infection would be associated with what cell-mediated immune response?

A

Th2 - higher pathogen count and disseminated infection

28
Q

A patient has a high Th17 cell count. What type of infection is this patient likely fighting?

A

Extracellular bacterial or fungal infection

29
Q

Activation of a T cell by an antigen is the first step in the maturation of a naive T cell. What molecules are involved with the interaction?

A

MHC with the antigen binds to the T cell receptor. CD4 serves as a coreceptor that binds an invariant region of MHC.

30
Q

What are the primary cytokines released by Th17 cells? What is the function of the cytokine?

A

IL-17, IL-22.

IL-17 recruits neutrophils. IL-22 induces epithelial defenses.

31
Q

What receptors on the CD4 T cell bind cytokines and mediate differentiation to a Th1 Cell?

A

STAT3

32
Q

What antibodies are produced in a Th2 response?

A

IgE

33
Q

What drives differentiation of naive T cells?

A

Cytokines

34
Q

What cytokines stimulate differentiation to Th17 T cells? What receptors on the CD4 T cell mediate this differentiation?

A

IL-1, IL-6, IL-23, TGF-beta (by Dendritic Cells)

35
Q

CD8 T cells can induce apoptosis by exoticizing granule contents. What types of granules are released?

A

Perforins - Form pores in the target cell

Granzymes - Activate caspases that induce apoptosis

36
Q

What antibodies are produced in a Th17 cell-mediated immune response?

A

IgA

37
Q

What are the primary cytokines released by Th2 cells? What is the function of the cytokine?

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13.

IL-4 & IL-13 stimulate class switching to IgE. IL-5 activates eosinophils and mast cells

38
Q

A patient is diagnosed with Chlymadia, an intracellular pathogen. What effector T cell will be induced?

A

Th1

39
Q

What cells are activated by a Th1 response?

A

Macrophages & B cells

40
Q

The presence of what protein indicates an active APC?

A

B7

41
Q

What cytokine activates macrophages via the classical pathway?

A

IFN gamma

I&I - M1T1 (36 decks)

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