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I&I - M1T1 > Anaerobic Bacteria > Flashcards

Anaerobic Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of anaerobic bacteremia?

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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2
Q

What are characteristics of C. perfringens when plated?

A

Few to no spores, decolorization of some bacteria, double zone of hemolysis

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3
Q

What are the four common characteristics of most anaerobic bacterial infections?

A

Endogenously acquired, polymicrobial, involve abscesses, foul odor & gas

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4
Q

What is the neurotoxin released by C. tetani?

A

Tetanospasmin

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5
Q

What is the function of C. perfringens epsilon lethal toxin?

A

Increases vascular permeability of the GI wall

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6
Q

What diseases are associated with C. perfringnes infection?

A

Cellulitis, fasciitis, myonecrosis, food poisoning (toxin-mediated), enteritis necroticans (toxin-mediated)

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7
Q

What are the common G- anaerobic bacteria?

A

Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Fusobacterium

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8
Q

What is the most common Actinomyces spp.?

A

Actinomyces israelii

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9
Q

What are the common Clostridium spp.?

A

C. perfringens, C. tetani, C. botulinum, C. difficile

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10
Q

Describe the mechanism of tetanospasmin.

A

Travels to inhibitory neurons via blood or retrograde transport. Prevents the release of inhibitory GABA, resulting in uncontrolled muscle spasms.

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11
Q

This Clostridium spp. grows in alkaline or neutral foods in anaerobic conditions.

A

C. botulinum

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12
Q

Fusobacterium is normal flora in what locations?

A

Mouth, colon, female genital tract

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13
Q

What is the process of myonecrosis by C. perfringens?

A

Spores enter tissue from the environment. Toxins damage and kill cells. Enzymes facilitate the spread of the organism. Metabolic activity of the organism produces gases. Toxins can lead to shock, renal failure, and death.

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14
Q

What symptoms may be associated with C. perfringens infection?

A

Enterotoxin-mediated –> food poisoning, watery diarrhea

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15
Q

What is the most common type of C. perfringens? What lethal toxin does it produce?

A

Type A, alpha toxin

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16
Q

This C. perfringens lethal toxin contains a phospholipase that degrades cell membranes and lyses cells.

A

Alpha toxin

17
Q

Trench Mouth/Vincent’s Angina is often a coinfection with what bacteria?

A

Prevotella, Fusobacterium

18
Q

What are the symptoms of Trench Mouth/Vincent’s Angina?

A

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, tender, bleeding gums, foul breath, bad taste

19
Q

Bile-esculin agar is required for growth of which anaerobic bacteria?

A

Bacteroides fragilis

20
Q

What are some of the characteristics of Actinomyces?

A

Aerotolerant or obligate anaerobe, G+, filamentous and branched morphology, normal flora in the mouth, GI tract, and female genital tract

21
Q

What are the symptoms of Leimerre’s syndrome?

A

Acute oropharyngeal infection, pharyngitis, fever, lethargy, neck
tenderness & swelling, jugular vein thrombophlebitis, abscess formation in the lung

22
Q

What are the symptoms of cervicofacial actinomyces?

A

Chronic, slow-developing infection. Lesions with pus that contain sulfur granules that are yellow in color

23
Q

What diseases are associated with Fusobacterium infection?

A

Trench Mouth/Vincent’s Angina & Lemierre’s Syndrome

24
Q

This Clostridium spp. is a common nosocomial infection. It is often the result of antibiotic use that kills normal flora.

A

C. difficile

25
Q

What neurotoxin is released by C. botulinum?

A

Botulinum toxin

26
Q

These bacteria have a drumstick-like appearance with spores at the end of the organism.

A

C. tetani

27
Q

Where are Bacteroides spp. most often found?

A

Gut microbiome

28
Q

What virulence factors are associated with Bacteroides fragilis?

A

Capsule, beta-lactamase, heat-labile zinc metalloprotease toxin, rearranges actin, induces IL-8 release, Cl- release and water loss

29
Q

This C. perfringens lethal toxin has necrotizing activity and increases vascular permeability.

A

Ioda toxin

30
Q

What C. perfringens lethal toxin has necrotizing activity in the intestinal mucosa?

A

Beta toxin

31
Q

Describe the mechanism of the botulinum toxin.

A

A-B exotoxin. The toxin binds receptors on motor neurons and prevents release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. This causes spastic paralysis.

32
Q

What is the mechanism by which C. difficile toxins cause symptoms?

A

Toxins depolymerize actin, disrupting intercellular junctions. This results in cell apoptosis, hypersecretion of fluids, and inflammation.

33
Q

What bacteria is the cause of Leimerre’s Syndrome?

A

Fusobacterium nucleatum

I&I - M1T1 (36 decks)

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