Immunizations Flashcards
Administration of immunoglobulins is an example of what type of immunization?
Passive
What are the requirements for a successful vaccine?
Safe, effective, affordable, stable, easily administered, positive public perception
True/False. Herd immunity applies to diseases such as Diptheria, rabies, and tetanus.
False. Herd immunity only applies to infectious diseases, such as measles, mumps, rubella, etc. Diseases that are not spread person-to-person cannot be prevented with herd immunity.
What are the different types of vaccines?
Live-attenuated, Non-living whole organism, mRNA, subcellular
What vaccines are live-attenuated?
MMR, yellow fever, varicella, rotavirus, polio (not in USA)
What is the name of the live-attenuated Polio vaccine?
Sabin
What are advantages of a live-attenuated vaccine?
Better immunity, spread immunity to contacts, low administration dose
What are examples of killed whole-organism vaccines?
Influenze, rabies, polio (Salk), Hepatitis A, Bordetella
What are disadvantages to a killed vaccine?
Large administration dose, no viral replication, primarily humoral immunity, potential for reactivation
What are examples of a subcellular vaccine?
COVID-19, Hepatitis B, HPV
What is the benefit of a conjugated vaccine?
A conjugated vaccine triggers both a B and T-cell response, providing better immunity.
What is an adjuvant? What adjuvants are used in human vaccines?
An adjuvant enhances the immunogenicity of a vaccine. Aluminum or calcium is used in human vaccines.
What adjuvant may be added to toxoid vaccines to inactivate bacterial products?
Formaldehyde
Why is MSG added to some vaccines?
Stabilizes the vaccine to prevent changes when exposed to heat, acidity, light, or humidity.
What mercury-containing preservative may be added to vaccines to prevent contamination and growth of potentially harmful bacteria?
Thimerosal
