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Biology > Vascular Transportation: Chpater 36 > Flashcards

Vascular Transportation: Chpater 36 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the key component for evolution of vascular plants

A

Adaptations were used to give the plant better structures so that they can get the optimal amount of resources needed to grow

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2
Q

What do leaves take in

A

They take in sunlight and CO2

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3
Q

What do roots take in

A

Minerals, water, oxygen

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4
Q

What do leaves release into the atmosphere

A

Water and oxygen

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5
Q

What do roots released into soil

A

CO2

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6
Q

How did xylem evolve

A

Xylem’s evolved into being more successful at supplying long shoot systems with water and minerals

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7
Q

How did phloem evolve

A

Phloem evolved into supplying sugar sinks with carbs

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8
Q

Main function of stems

A

Supports leaf structures and participates in long distance transport of water and nutrients

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9
Q

Function of xylem sap

A

Xylem SAP is made up of water and minerals

This sap is then transported upwards from the roots to shoots

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10
Q

What is the function of phloem sap

A

This SAP can flow both ways between shoots and roots

However it usually moves from sites of sugar production (which is usually in the leaves) or storage (roots) to sites of sugar use/storage

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11
Q

What is the function of stomata

A

The stomata leaves take an oxygen and release CO2

They can act as a major pathway for a water loss from plants


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12
Q

What is the relationship between guard cells and stomata

A

Guard cells widen or narrow the stomata pores

When guard cells take up K+ the pore widens

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13
Q

How is water typically lost

A

Through the stomata

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14
Q

Describe the process Of how water transports from the roots

A

The loss of water from the leaves creates a force through the stomata where the xylem sap is pulled upwards

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15
Q

Where are sugars produced 

A

By photosynthesis in the leaves

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16
Q

Mycorrhizae

A

The mutualistic relationship between roots and certain types of fungi that allow roots to absorb minerals and water

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17
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane

A

It has selective permeability so it controls with those in an out of the cell

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18
Q

What kind of transport do plants have

A

Active and passive transport

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19
Q

What are the two compartments of plant tissues

A

Apoplast and symplast

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20
Q

Transport in plants

A

Begins with the movement of water and saw you across membrane

Can be long or short distance

21
Q

What is passive transport

A

No energy is required to move substance across the membrane

Ex) Diffusion

22
Q

What is active transport

A

Energy is required to move saw you across the cell membrane

Ex) A transport proteins Such as a proton pump is required to move across the phospholipid barrier of the membrane

23
Q

What is a proton pump

A

Used in active transport

Creates an electrochemical gradient that uses ATP to pump hydrogen ions across the cell membrane

24
Q

What is osmosis

A

The passive transport of water across a membrane

25
Q

Apoplast

A

Everything outside of the cells plasma membrane

26
Q

Symplast

A

A network of living phloem cells that connect all parts of the plant

The cytosol and connecting plasmodesmata

27
Q

What does water movement direction depend on

A

Water potential

28
Q

What is water potential

A

The amount of solute concentration and physical pressure in the water

29
Q

What makes a turgid plant cell

A

Osmotic uptake and internal pressure

30
Q

What does bulk flow participate in

A

Long distance transport

31
Q

Bulk flow

A

The movement of liquid in response to the pressure gradient

Moves from high pressure gradient low pressure

Occurs in trinkets and vessel elements (xylem) and sieve tube elements (phloem)

32
Q

What is transpiration

A

The loss of water vapor from plants

It drives the transport of water and minerals from routes to shoot via xylem sap

33
Q

Explain the transpiration process

A

Look at notes

34
Q

What is the cohesion tension hypothesis

A

The movement of xylem SAP is driven by water potential difference

35
Q

Two mechanisms that influence how water is moved up through the plant

A

Root Pressure and Cohesion tension hypothesis

36
Q

What is transpiration regulated by

A

Stomata

37
Q

What is wilting

A

When water lost by transpiration is not replaced

38
Q

Stomata closes means that

A

The water deficits close as well

39
Q

Stomata is

A

The major pathway for water loss

40
Q

When do stomata open

A

When guard cells take up K+

41
Q

When are some other times that stomata open or closes

A

Light,
CO2,
abscic acid(drought horomone),
circadian rhythm

42
Q

Do plants have a circadian rhythm

A

Yes, cycles with intervals of 24hrs

Plants in the dark will open their stomata as dawn approaches

43
Q

How are sugars transported

A

From sources to sinks via phloem

44
Q

Main sugar source

A

Mature leaves

45
Q

Main sugar sinks

A

Growing organs i.e roots, stems and fruits

46
Q

Phloem transport direction

A

From sugar source to sugar sink

47
Q

What does the phloem sugar loading process depends on

A

Active transport of sucrose

48
Q

Explain sugar loading process

A

1) Sucrose and Hydrogen ion are diffused down gradient via sieve tubes

2) load sugar at the source; uses sieve tubes to get to sink

3) unload at sink to maintain pressure difference which keep phloem sap flowing

Biology (23 decks)

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