Chapter 1

Question 1

Correct order of hierarchy of biological organization from most to least

Answer 1

BECPOOT.COM
biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ, tissue, cells, organelle, molecule

Question 2

What are emergent properties and give an example

Answer 2

A characteristic or property an entity gains when it becomes apart of a bigger system
Ex) When amino acids are joined together to make a protein with catalytic properties and creates an enzymatic protein that speeds up the rate of reaction

Question 3

What happens to chemical nutrients in an ecosystem?

Answer 3

They recycle within the ecosystem and are constantly be reused

Question 4

What do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

Answer 4

They use DNA molecule to store info, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome

Question 5

Differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 5

Eukaryotes: have a membrane enclosed nucleus usually found in all organism except archae and bacteria, commonly found in multicellular organisms

Prokaryotes: no nucleus, no membrane enclosed organelles, usually smaller than eukaryotes

Question 6

Cell theory

Answer 6

ALL living organisms are made up of cells

Question 7

What does DNA stand for

Answer 7

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 8

How does DNA encode info?

Answer 8

Info is encoded in the sequence of nucleotides

The sequential arrangement of the 4 different nucleotide letters encodes the instructions contained in DNA

Question 9

The taxonomic domain that has multicellular photosynthetic organisms

Answer 9

Eukarya

Question 10

Why does competition between organisms occur according to the theory of natural selection?

Answer 10

Organisms produce too many offspring with limited amount of resources/food

Question 11

What is the unity in the diversity of life?

Answer 11

1) All organisms use the same genetic code(this includes all eukaryotes and prokaryotes)
2) DNA is structured the same in all organisms
3) the forelimbs of all mammals have the same basic structure, modified for different environments
4) cilia and flagella in all eukaryotes have the same basic structure

Question 12

What has to be true about a hypothesis for it to be used in science?

Answer 12

It must be able testable and falsifiable

Question 13

What is the scientific theory

Answer 13

A scientist must have a testable hypotheses, supported by a large body of evidence and is broad in scope

Question 14

What are the properties of life

Answer 14

-order
-evolutionary adaptation
-regulation
-energy processing
-Growth and development
-reproduction
-response to environment

Question 15

Characteristics of life

Answer 15

1) all living things have nuclei acid, proteins, amino acids and lipids
2) living things all have cells
3) living things reproduce
4) living things use energy and ram materials
5) living things respond to stimuli
6) living things maintain homeostasis
7) living things evolve and have adaptive traits ie. natural selection

Question 16

Unifying themes of biology

Answer 16

1) organization: being able to divide different cells/organism—> BECPOOT.COM
2) information: info inside of chromosomes have DNA (transcription->translation->protein folding)
3)Energy and Matter: the input of energy and its ability to transforms and effect life
4)interactions: interactions between organism ensure smooth functionality (negative feedback regulation)
5)Evolution: adaptation and natural selection

Question 17

What is science?

Answer 17

The study of the relationship between living & non-living things

Question 18

Theory

Answer 18

A well supported concept that has broad explanatory power

Question 19

Why should an experiment only test one variable at a time?

Answer 19

It ensures the experimental outcome is the result of one known factor

Question 20

When should experiments repetition happen?

Answer 20

Experiments must he repeated and results verified to come to a conclusion

Question 21

Scientific process can be used to address all the following categories except

Answer 21

Ethical dilemmas

Question 22

Deductive reasoning

Answer 22

Type of reasoning that use a general premise to draw a specific conclusion

Question 23

Inductive reasoning

Answer 23

A body of observations are used to create a general principle

Question 24

What level of biological organization does evolution act upon?

Answer 24

Population

Question 25

Domain eukarya with single-called species

Answer 25

Protists

Question 26

DNA process

Answer 26

DNA →transcribed into rna/mrna → translated into proteins

Question 27

What are the 3 domain’s of life

Answer 27

Domain bacteria, domain archae, domain eukarya

Question 28

What is domain eukarya comprised of?

Answer 28

• Kingdom plantae :plants/multicelluar eukaryotes that Cary out photosynthesis
• Kingdom fungi:mushrooms—> absorbs nutrients from outside of the body
• protists:amoeba → unicellular eukaryotes
  -Kingdom Animalia:animals → multicellular eukaryotes that eat other organisms

Question 29

Natural selection was first called….

Answer 29

Descent with modification

Question 30

3 observations that head to the creation of natural selection?

Answer 30

1: individuals in a population have varied traits inherited from parents

#2: a lot of offspring can be produced but not all will survive → not enough food → competition
#3:species will adapt their bodies to better fit their environment

Question 31

What are the effects of natural selection?

Answer 31

Over time ancestral species can give rise to 2 or more descendant species ex) can happen through subpopulations

Question 32

What is Data

Answer 32

Recorded observations

Question 33

Inductive reasoning

Answer 33

Deriving generalizations from a large number of specific observations

Question 34

Simplified scientific process

Answer 34

Observation→question →2 hypothesis →2 predictions → 2 test of prediction →2 results

Question 35

Induction reasoning vs. Deductive reasoning

Answer 35

While induction entails reasoning from a set of specific observations to reach a general conclusion, deductive reasoning involves logic that flows in the opposite direction, from the general to the specific.

Question 36

Case study for scientific inquiry

Answer 36

Coat colorations in mouse populations: (1920) Francis sumner used inductive reasoning to form a hypothesis that color patterns has evolved as adaptations so the mice can camouflage better in their environments

Question 37

Independent variable

Answer 37

The factor being manipulated

Question 38

Control group

Answer 38

Does not realer treatment

Question 39

Dependent variable

Answer 39

The factor being measured affected by independent variable

Question 40

Who discover DNA

Answer 40

Watson & crick

Question 41

Model organism

Answer 41

Certain animalspeeres chosen fer research

Question 42

Bioinformatics

Answer 42

Using technology like computers to process and integrate biological info from large datasets

Question 43

Genome

Answer 43

Complete complement of anorganisms genes along with ITS noncoding nucleic acid sequences

Question 44

Gene

Answer 44

Discrete unit of hereditary info(nucleotide sequence)

Question 45

Molecule

Answer 45

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 46

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 46

Chromosomes which contains genetic material

Question 47

When energy is lost as heat is called

Answer 47

Entropy