Chapter 5

Question 1

Macro nutrients a only______ built from______

Answer 1

Polymers, monomers

Question 2

Large carbohydrates are also called

Answer 2

Polysaccharides

Question 3

List some polymers

Answer 3

Polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 4

Polymers ar chains of

Answer 4

Monomers

Question 5

How do monomers form larger molecules

Answer 5

By dehydration reactions where water Molecules are released

Question 6

How can polymer disassemble

Answer 6

Through hydrolysis

Question 7

Tor F: polymers can be built from a small set of monomers

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Dehydration reaction

Answer 8

When two molecules that have a hydroxyl group or . hydrogen bond join together and release water

Question 9

Hydrolysis

Answer 9

When a large molecule & water produce 2 smaller molecules, water is consumed

Question 10

Monosaccharides functions and example

Answer 10

*Functions:Fuel, carbon sources that can beconverted to other molecules or combined into polymers
*ex) glucose, fructose
*polysaccharides: cellulose(plants), starch(plants), glycogen(animals), chitin(animals and fungi)

Question 11

Cellulose purpose

Answer 11

Strengthens plant cell walls

Question 12

Starch purpose

Answer 12

Stores glucose for energy in plants

Question 13

Glycogen

Answer 13

Stores glucose for energy in animals

Question 14

Chitin purpose

Answer 14

Strengthens animal exoskeleton and fungal cell walls

Question 15

Lipids are

Answer 15

Hydrophobic

Question 16

Components of lipids

Answer 16

Glycerol, phospholipids and steroids

Question 17

Lipid membranes have

Answer 17

Hydrophilic heads that are made of glycerol and hydrophobic tails made of fatty acid chains

Question 18

Lipid function s

Answer 18

Energy source, component of cell membranes

Question 19

Polymers of carbohydrates

Answer 19

Disaccharide, oligosaccharide,polysaccharide

Question 20

Functions of protein

Answer 20

Catalyze chemical reactions,
Protect against disease, store amino acids, transport substances, function in cell movement, provide structural support

Question 21

Why dues protein have great diversity

Answer 21

Proteins have polypeptides that consist of hundreds of amino aced structures The order of amino acid chain which causes different properties and structures

Question 22

Nucleic acids functions

Answer 22

Store, transmit and help express hereditary info
Carries instructions from DNA to Ribosomes

Question 23

Complementary base pairing role on nuclei acids

Answer 23

Pairing that occurs in nuclei acids to process the formation of other strands

Question 24

The more closely two species are related the…

Answer 24

More similar their DNA sequences are

Question 25

DNA sequences confirm

Answer 25

Evolution based on fossils and anatomical evidence

Question 26

Anti-parallel.

Answer 26

Referring to the sugar-phosphatebuckbone of DNA in the table helix they ronin opposite 5' > 3'direction from each other

Question 27

What holds the 2 strands together in a double helix

Answer 27

Hydrogen bonds

Question 28

Adenine always pairs with

Answer 28

Thymine

Question 29

Guanine always pairs with……

Answer 29

Cytosine

Question 30

Know now to find/read the complement as

Question 31

Poly nucleotides are joined together by

Answer 31

Phosphodiester linkage (links the sugars of 2 nucleotides)

Question 32

Nucleotide

Answer 32

A molecule containing a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate grip

Question 33

Rn/t differs from DNA in that it contains the nitrogen base

Answer 33

Uracil

Question 34

DNA contains The sugar

Answer 34

Deoxyribose

Question 35

Adenine and guaninereleung to a category of nitrogenous bases called……

Answer 35

Purines

Question 36

DNA, RNA, and phospholipids all contain what element?

Answer 36

Phosphorus

Question 37

Disease associated with misfolded proteins

Answer 37

Cystic-fibrosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's

Question 38

Primary structure

Answer 38

The linear chain of amino acids forming a polypeptide

Question 39

Amino acids and proteins are joined together by

Answer 39

Peptide bonds

Question 40

Secondary structure

Answer 40

Localized regions ot protein interactions

Question 41

What can cause a protein to denature

Answer 41

Adding heat, adding a chemical thatdismantles hydrogen bonds , changing ph

Question 42

Polypeptide

Answer 42

A chain of amino acids linked togetherby dehydration reactions

Question 43

A fatty acid is joined to a glycerol molecule by

Answer 43

Ester linkage

Question 44

Cholesterol

Answer 44

A steroid that is common component of cell membranes and a precursor to many Other steroids

Question 45

Cell membranes are made up of lipids called

Answer 45

Phospholipids

Question 46

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 46

Has one or more carbon-carbon double bonds and is unsaturated because fewer than the max number in hydrogens are connected to the carbons

Question 47

What is an insoluble fiber example

Answer 47

Cellulose because it has glycosidic linkages that are different

Question 48

Glycosidic linkage

Answer 48

Bonds monosaccharides and poly saacchrides

Question 49

What is the primary role of carbs in the body

Answer 49

Energy storage and energy release

Question 50

Glycogen

Answer 50

Used to store surplus glucose energy in the liverand muscle calls of vertebrates