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Biology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Macro nutrients a only______ built from______

A

Polymers, monomers

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2
Q

Large carbohydrates are also called

A

Polysaccharides

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3
Q

List some polymers

A

Polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids

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4
Q

Polymers ar chains of

A

Monomers

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5
Q

How do monomers form larger molecules

A

By dehydration reactions where water Molecules are released

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6
Q

How can polymer disassemble

A

Through hydrolysis

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7
Q

Tor F: polymers can be built from a small set of monomers

A

True

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8
Q

Dehydration reaction

A

When two molecules that have a hydroxyl group or . hydrogen bond join together and release water

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9
Q

Hydrolysis

A

When a large molecule & water produce 2 smaller molecules, water is consumed

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10
Q

Monosaccharides functions and example

A

*Functions:Fuel, carbon sources that can beconverted to other molecules or combined into polymers
*ex) glucose, fructose
*polysaccharides: cellulose(plants), starch(plants), glycogen(animals), chitin(animals and fungi)

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11
Q

Cellulose purpose

A

Strengthens plant cell walls

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12
Q

Starch purpose

A

Stores glucose for energy in plants

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13
Q

Glycogen

A

Stores glucose for energy in animals

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14
Q

Chitin purpose

A

Strengthens animal exoskeleton and fungal cell walls

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15
Q

Lipids are

A

Hydrophobic

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16
Q

Components of lipids

A

Glycerol, phospholipids and steroids

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17
Q

Lipid membranes have

A

Hydrophilic heads that are made of glycerol and hydrophobic tails made of fatty acid chains

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18
Q

Lipid function s

A

Energy source, component of cell membranes

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19
Q

Polymers of carbohydrates

A

Disaccharide, oligosaccharide,polysaccharide

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20
Q

Functions of protein

A

Catalyze chemical reactions,
Protect against disease, store amino acids, transport substances, function in cell movement, provide structural support

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21
Q

Why dues protein have great diversity

A

Proteins have polypeptides that consist of hundreds of amino aced structures The order of amino acid chain which causes different properties and structures

22
Q

Nucleic acids functions

A

Store, transmit and help express hereditary info
Carries instructions from DNA to Ribosomes

23
Q

Complementary base pairing role on nuclei acids

A

Pairing that occurs in nuclei acids to process the formation of other strands

24
Q

The more closely two species are related the…

A

More similar their DNA sequences are

25
Q

DNA sequences confirm

A

Evolution based on fossils and anatomical evidence

26
Q

Anti-parallel.

A

Referring to the sugar-phosphatebuckbone of DNA in the table helix they ronin opposite 5’ > 3’direction from each other

27
Q

What holds the 2 strands together in a double helix

A

Hydrogen bonds

28
Q

Adenine always pairs with

A

Thymine

29
Q

Guanine always pairs with……

A

Cytosine

30
Q

Know now to find/read the complement as

A
31
Q

Poly nucleotides are joined together by

A

Phosphodiester linkage (links the sugars of 2 nucleotides)

32
Q

Nucleotide

A

A molecule containing a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate grip

33
Q

Rn/t differs from DNA in that it contains the nitrogen base

A

Uracil

34
Q

DNA contains The sugar

A

Deoxyribose

35
Q

Adenine and guaninereleung to a category of nitrogenous bases called……

A

Purines

36
Q

DNA, RNA, and phospholipids all contain what element?

A

Phosphorus

37
Q

Disease associated with misfolded proteins

A

Cystic-fibrosis, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s

38
Q

Primary structure

A

The linear chain of amino acids forming a polypeptide

39
Q

Amino acids and proteins are joined together by

A

Peptide bonds

40
Q

Secondary structure

A

Localized regions ot protein interactions

41
Q

What can cause a protein to denature

A

Adding heat, adding a chemical thatdismantles hydrogen bonds , changing ph

42
Q

Polypeptide

A

A chain of amino acids linked togetherby dehydration reactions

43
Q

A fatty acid is joined to a glycerol molecule by

A

Ester linkage

44
Q

Cholesterol

A

A steroid that is common component of cell membranes and a precursor to many Other steroids

45
Q

Cell membranes are made up of lipids called

A

Phospholipids

46
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid

A

Has one or more carbon-carbon double bonds and is unsaturated because fewer than the max number in hydrogens are connected to the carbons

47
Q

What is an insoluble fiber example

A

Cellulose because it has glycosidic linkages that are different

48
Q

Glycosidic linkage

A

Bonds monosaccharides and poly saacchrides

49
Q

What is the primary role of carbs in the body

A

Energy storage and energy release

50
Q

Glycogen

A

Used to store surplus glucose energy in the liverand muscle calls of vertebrates

Biology (23 decks)

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