Animal Function: Chapter 40 Textbook Notes

Question 1

Animal form= ?

Answer 1

Animal function

Question 2

What constraintscontribute to convergent evolution

Answer 2

Physical laws won’t allow for the evolution of an animal’s size and shape

Question 3

What is convergent evolution

Answer 3

When organism find their way to the same evolutionary solute for the same environmental problem

Question 4

Describe animal cells

Answer 4

Must have access to an aqueous environment, 2 layered sacs with flat shapes

Question 5

Body hierarchy for animals

Answer 5

Cells → tissues → organs → organ systems

Question 6

What types of tissue are there

Answer 6

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Question 7

Function of epithelial tissue

Answer 7

Forms active interfaces on external and internal surfaces

Question 8

Function of connective tissue

Answer 8

Binds & supports other tissues

Question 9

Function of muscle tissue

Answer 9

Contracts moving body parts

Question 10

Function of nervous tissue

Answer 10

Transmits nerve impulses throughoutthe body

Question 11

What systems help the body communicate with different locations in the body

Answer 11

Endocrine system through noromones that signal to their cells and the nervous system electrical and chemical signals to send info

Question 12

Feedback control maintains….

Answer 12

The internal environment in many animals

Question 13

An animal who controls an internalvariable

Answer 13

A regulator

Question 14

What is conformer

Answer 14

An animal that allow an internal variable to vary with external changes

Question 15

Homeostasis

Answer 15

The maintenance of a steady state despite internal and external changes

Question 16

Homeostatic mechanisms are usually based on…..

Answer 16

Negative feedback

Question 17

Negative feedback

Answer 17

The response reduces the stimulus

Question 18

Positive feed back

Answer 18

Stimulus is amplified by response and brings about a change in state

Ex) the transition from pregnancy to childbirth

Question 19

Circadian rhythms

Answer 19

Regulated change; daily fluctuations in metabolism an a behavior tuned to the cycles of light and dark in the environment

Question 20

Home static process for thermoregulation are:

Answer 20

Form, function and beaver

Question 21

How are endothermic animals warmed

Answer 21

Generate heat by metabolism (from inside, out)

Question 22

Ectothermic animals

Answer 22

Get heart for the body from external sources

Question 23

Polkailotherms

Answer 23

Body temp varies with environmental temp

Question 24

Homeotherms

Answer 24

Body temp remains relatively constant despite environmental temp

Question 25

What four adjustments help balance thermoregulation

Answer 25

Radiation, evaporation, convection, and conduction

Ways to gain or lose heat to keep homeostasis

Question 26

What are some mechanisms that promote body to keep heat in

Answer 26

Insulation and countercurrent exchange

Question 27

Ways that the body cools down

Answer 27

Panting, sweating, and bathing increase the evaporation rate and cools down the body

Question 28

How do most ectotherms and endothermic adjust their rate of heat exchange

Answer 28

Adjust heat change with their surroundings by vasodilation or vasoconstriction and behavioral responses

Question 29

Ectotherms typically….

Answer 29

Changes at cellular level to shift temperature

Question 30

The function of the hypothalamus

Answer 30

Acts a a thermostat and regulates body temperature

Question 31

The amount of energy an animal needs depends on…

Answer 31

The animals size, activity and environment

Question 32

Metabolic rate

Answer 32

The total amount of energy used in a unit of time

Question 33

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 33

The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest
Ex) the amount of energy needed for you heart to continue beating while at rest

Question 34

T or F: The amount of energy needed for the basal metabolic rate is much higher than the energy needed than the standard metabolic rate

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is the relationship between the minimum matablic rate per gram and animal body size

Answer 35

Inversely related

Question 36

Torpor

Answer 36

A state of decrease act and metabolism; conserves energy during environmental extremes

Ex) hibernation, sleeping, etc