Chapter 6

Question 1

Ribosomes are

Answer 1

The site for protein synthesis Meaning it translates the genetic message Kari from the DNA of the nucleus by the mRNA into a polypeptide chain

Question 2

Mitochondria purpose

Answer 2

Breaks down molecules generating ATP

Question 3

Chloroplast purpose

Answer 3

Convert light energy to chemical energy

Question 4

The purpose of internal membranes 

Answer 4

Synthesizes and modifies:
-proteins
-lipids
-carbohydrates

Question 5

Plasma membrane purpose

Answer 5

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 6

What do biologist used to study cells

Answer 6

Microscopes and bio chemistry

Question 7

LM or Light Microscopy

Answer 7

uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate a magnified image of small objects

Question 8

EM or Electron Microscopy

Answer 8

Uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination to magnify small objects

Question 9

Cell fractionation

Answer 9

Subjects the cells to centrifugal force in a spinning device called a centrifuge which separates organelles by their physical properties

Question 10

Biochemistry

Answer 10

The study of chemical processes within relation to living organisms

Question 11

True or false: All cells are bound by the plasma membrane

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is affects cells size and shape

Answer 12

The surface to volume ratio

Question 13

What are some organelles that both plant and animal cells have?

Answer 13

A nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and the mitochondria

Question 14

Ribosomes Structure

Answer 14

Is made of two subunits of ribosomal RNA and proteins; can be free or bound to ER

Question 15

Nucleus function

Answer 15

House is chromosomes,nucleoli, ribosomal subunits are made here, Import to regulate entry and exit of materials

Question 16

Nucleus structure

Answer 16

The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope which is double membrane and is perforated with nuclear pores. The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum also known as ER

Question 17

ER function

Answer 17

Smooth ER: Synthesize liquids, metabolism of carbohydrates, storage for calcium ions, detoxification of drugs and poisons

Rough ER: Is it synthesis of those secretory And other proteins on those Addison, add carbohydrates to proteins to make glycoproteins, produces new membrane

Question 18

Golgi apparatus Structure

Answer 18

Stacks of flattened membranous sacs; has polarity with cis and trans faces

Question 19

Golgi apparatus function

Answer 19

Modifies proteins, carbs on proteins and phospholipids; synthesis of many polysaccharides

Question 20

Lysosomes structure and function

Answer 20

Structure: (in animal cells) membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes

Function: breakdown ingested substances, cell macromolecules, damaged organelles are recycled here

Question 21

Vacuole structure and function

Answer 21

Structure: large membrane bounded vesicles

Function: digestion, storage, waste disposal, water balance, cell growth and protection

Question 22

Mitochondrion purpose

Answer 22

Cellular respiration

Question 23

Chloroplasts purpose

Answer 23

Photosynthesis

Question 24

Peroxisome

Answer 24

Contains enzymes the transfer H atoms from substances to oxygen producing Hydrogen peroxide which is in converted to water

Question 25

Endosymbiont theory

Answer 25

Proposes that some eukaryotic cell organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from free living prokaryotes

Question 26

Cytoskeleton

Answer 26

a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell

Question 27

Cytoskeleton functions

Answer 27

Structural support for the cell and motility and signal transmission

Question 28

Microtubules function

Answer 28

Shape to sell, guide organelle movement and separate chromosomes in dividing cells

Question 29

Celia and flagella 

Answer 29

motile appendages containing microtubules

Question 30

Primary Celia functions

Answer 30

Play sensory and signaling roles

Question 31

Microfilaments

Answer 31

thin rods that function and muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, cytoplasmic streaming, and support microvilli

Question 32

Intermediate filaments support

Answer 32

Cell shape and fix organelles in place

Question 33

Extracellular components and connections between cells help

Answer 33

Coordinate cellular activities

Question 34

Plant cells are made of

Answer 34

Cellulose fibers in bedded in polysaccharides and proteins

Question 35

Animal cells secrete

Answer 35

Glycoproteins and proteoglycans

Question 36

Extracellular matrix or ECM

Answer 36

Formed from glycoproteins and proteoglycans secretion functions include supporting adhesion movement and regulation

Question 37

Cells junctions

Answer 37

Connect neighboring cells

Question 38

Plasmodesmata

Answer 38

plant cell wall channels that allow the trafficking of the molecules between cells

Question 39

What type of cell has tight junctions, desmossomes And gap junctions

Answer 39

Animal cells

Question 40

Nucleoli function

Answer 40

Non-membraneous structures involved in the production of ribosomes

Question 41

Differences between smooth and rough ER

Answer 41

Primary difference: Rough ER has bound ribosomes

Question 42

Describe the proteins pass through the cell

Answer 42

MRNA is synthesized in the nucleus, passes through nuclear lore into cytoplasm, translated on bound ribosome that is attached to the ER, proteins synthesize into lumen of ER and may be modified there, transport vesicles carries proteins to Golgi, after further modification and Golgi and other transport vessel carries it back to ER where performs it’s cellular function

Question 43

True or false: plant cells do not have mitochondria

Answer 43

False

Question 44

Motor proteins

Answer 44

Interactive components of the cytoskeleton to move cellular part, motor proteins walk the skills along microtubules

Question 45

Endomembran system

Answer 45

Supper is this song to different compartments already knows And example is the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes