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Biology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ribosomes are

A

The site for protein synthesis Meaning it translates the genetic message Kari from the DNA of the nucleus by the mRNA into a polypeptide chain

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2
Q

Mitochondria purpose

A

Breaks down molecules generating ATP

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3
Q

Chloroplast purpose

A

Convert light energy to chemical energy

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4
Q

The purpose of internal membranes 

A

Synthesizes and modifies:
-proteins
-lipids
-carbohydrates

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5
Q

Plasma membrane purpose

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

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6
Q

What do biologist used to study cells

A

Microscopes and bio chemistry

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7
Q

LM or Light Microscopy

A

uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate a magnified image of small objects

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8
Q

EM or Electron Microscopy

A

Uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination to magnify small objects

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9
Q

Cell fractionation

A

Subjects the cells to centrifugal force in a spinning device called a centrifuge which separates organelles by their physical properties

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10
Q

Biochemistry

A

The study of chemical processes within relation to living organisms

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11
Q

True or false: All cells are bound by the plasma membrane

A

True

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12
Q

What is affects cells size and shape

A

The surface to volume ratio

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13
Q

What are some organelles that both plant and animal cells have?

A

A nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and the mitochondria

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14
Q

Ribosomes Structure

A

Is made of two subunits of ribosomal RNA and proteins; can be free or bound to ER

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15
Q

Nucleus function

A

House is chromosomes,nucleoli, ribosomal subunits are made here, Import to regulate entry and exit of materials

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16
Q

Nucleus structure

A

The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope which is double membrane and is perforated with nuclear pores. The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum also known as ER

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17
Q

ER function

A

Smooth ER: Synthesize liquids, metabolism of carbohydrates, storage for calcium ions, detoxification of drugs and poisons

Rough ER: Is it synthesis of those secretory And other proteins on those Addison, add carbohydrates to proteins to make glycoproteins, produces new membrane

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18
Q

Golgi apparatus Structure

A

Stacks of flattened membranous sacs; has polarity with cis and trans faces

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19
Q

Golgi apparatus function

A

Modifies proteins, carbs on proteins and phospholipids; synthesis of many polysaccharides

20
Q

Lysosomes structure and function

A

Structure: (in animal cells) membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes

Function: breakdown ingested substances, cell macromolecules, damaged organelles are recycled here

21
Q

Vacuole structure and function

A

Structure: large membrane bounded vesicles

Function: digestion, storage, waste disposal, water balance, cell growth and protection

22
Q

Mitochondrion purpose

A

Cellular respiration

23
Q

Chloroplasts purpose

A

Photosynthesis

24
Q

Peroxisome

A

Contains enzymes the transfer H atoms from substances to oxygen producing Hydrogen peroxide which is in converted to water

25
Q

Endosymbiont theory

A

Proposes that some eukaryotic cell organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from free living prokaryotes

26
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell

27
Q

Cytoskeleton functions

A

Structural support for the cell and motility and signal transmission

28
Q

Microtubules function

A

Shape to sell, guide organelle movement and separate chromosomes in dividing cells

29
Q

Celia and flagella 

A

motile appendages containing microtubules

30
Q

Primary Celia functions

A

Play sensory and signaling roles

31
Q

Microfilaments

A

thin rods that function and muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, cytoplasmic streaming, and support microvilli

32
Q

Intermediate filaments support

A

Cell shape and fix organelles in place

33
Q

Extracellular components and connections between cells help

A

Coordinate cellular activities

34
Q

Plant cells are made of

A

Cellulose fibers in bedded in polysaccharides and proteins

35
Q

Animal cells secrete

A

Glycoproteins and proteoglycans

36
Q

Extracellular matrix or ECM

A

Formed from glycoproteins and proteoglycans secretion

functions include supporting adhesion movement and regulation

37
Q

Cells junctions

A

Connect neighboring cells

38
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

plant cell wall channels that allow the trafficking of the molecules between cells

39
Q

What type of cell has tight junctions, desmossomes And gap junctions

A

Animal cells

40
Q

Nucleoli function

A

Non-membraneous structures involved in the production of ribosomes

41
Q

Differences between smooth and rough ER

A

Primary difference: Rough ER has bound ribosomes

42
Q

Describe the proteins pass through the cell

A

MRNA is synthesized in the nucleus, passes through nuclear lore into cytoplasm, translated on bound ribosome that is attached to the ER, proteins synthesize into lumen of ER and may be modified there, transport vesicles carries proteins to Golgi, after further modification and Golgi and other transport vessel carries it back to ER where performs it’s cellular function

43
Q

True or false: plant cells do not have mitochondria

A

False

44
Q

Motor proteins

A

Interactive components of the cytoskeleton to move cellular part, motor proteins walk the skills along microtubules

45
Q

Endomembran system

A

Supper is this song to different compartments already knows

And example is the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes

Biology (23 decks)

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