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Biology > Heart: Chapter 42 TB Notes > Flashcards

Heart: Chapter 42 TB Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Open Circulatory system

A

found in invertebrates

Does not have vessels or arteries to transport blood but the blood flows Freely through cavities

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2
Q

What is a closed circulatory system

A

Found in vertebrates

The system has vessels in arteries to conduct and transport blood throughout the body

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3
Q

Hemolymph

A

A fluid equivalent to blood and most invertebrates

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4
Q

What is a close circulatory system consist of

A

Blood, blood vessels, and a 2 to 4 chambered heart

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5
Q

Describe the pathway of oxygen rich blood

(PLBLAA)

(Please Like Black Ladies Adams Apple)

A

Blood is coming from the lungs back to the heart

1)Pulmonary veins

2) Left atrium

3) Bicuspid valve

4) Left ventricle

5) Aortic valve

6) Aorta

7) blood goes to rest of body

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6
Q

Describe the pathway of deoxygenated blood

Very Red Titties Really Plump Penises

A

Blood coming from heart to lungs

1) VENA CAVA: Blood enters from the superior and inferior vena cava

2) Right atrium

3) Tricuspid valve

4) Right ventricle

5) Pulmonary valve

6) Pulmonary artery

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7
Q

What do capillaries do

A

Sights of chemical/gaseous exchange

ex) Pulmonary capillaries changes blood from deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood

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8
Q

Job of veins

A

Return Blood from capillaries to the atrium

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9
Q

What type of heart does aquatic animals have

A

They have a single pump in their heart

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10
Q

What type of heart does air breathing vertebrae have

A

Have two pumps combined in a single heart

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11
Q

Systole

A

A period of contraction in the heart cycle

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12
Q

Diastole

A

A period of relaxation in the heart cycle

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13
Q

Pulse

A

Number of heart beats per minute

Can asses heart function

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14
Q

Cardiac output

A

Can asses heart function

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute

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15
Q

Where do you Heartbeats originate from

A

Impulses at the sinoatrial node aka the pacemaker of the the right atrium Which triggered atrial contraction

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16
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

Can delay heart contractions in order to protect your heart from rapid arrhythmias

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17
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Allow for the heart do you have synchronize contractions of its ventricles

Plays a major role in electrical conduction of the heart

18
Q

What is the job of arteries

A

They have thick elastic walls that help maintain blood pressure

19
Q

What is the velocity of blood flow the lowest

A

In the capillary beds because of their large total cross-sectional area

20
Q

Blood pressure is altered by

A

Changes in cardiac output and buy a variable construction of arterioles

21
Q

What happens when fluid leaked out of capillaries

A

It is returned to blood by the lymphatic system

22
Q

What are platelets

A

Cell blood fragments

23
Q

What is the liquid matrix of blood

A

Plasma

24
Q

What does plasma proteins influence

A

Blood pH, osmotic pressure, viscosity

25
Q

Function of plasma proteins

A

Lipid transport, immunity, blood clotting

26
Q

Job of red blood cells

A

To transport oxygen

27
Q

Job of platelets

A

Blood clotting

converting plasma fibrinogen to fibrin

28
Q

Explain gas exchange in the heart

A

The gas undergoes neck diffusion from a higher partial pressure to a lower partial pressure

29
Q

Explain the gas exchange of aquatic animals

A

They use gills to breed underwater

The gas exchange is increased by ventilation in countercurrent exchange between blood and water

30
Q

Explain the gas exchange of insects/mammals

A

They use a tracheal system 

It’s a system with a branch network of tubes to bring oxygen directly to self

31
Q

Explain gas exchange in humans/mammals

(No two bitches bickering always)

A

nose—> trachea—> bronchi—> bronchioles—> alveoli where gas exchange occcurs

32
Q

What is positive Pressure Breathing

A

When the air is forced down the trachea

33
Q

What is negative Pressure Breathing

A

Used by mammals

Pulls air into the lungs when the rib muscles and diaphragm contracts

34
Q

Respiratory pigments

A

Hemoglobin and hemocyanin

Bind to oxygen which greatly increases the amount of oxygen transported by the circulatory system

35
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system

A

Transporting nutrients and removing waste products From the body cells

36
Q

All birds and mammals have

A

A double circulatory system and a four chambered heart

37
Q

Which circulatory system requires the least amount of energy

A

Open circulatory system

38
Q

What is a portal vein

A

Carries Blood between capillary beds in locations outside of the heart and lungs

39
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and Rib muscles when you exhale

A

The diaphragm moves up and relaxes and the rib muscles relax

40
Q

What is the relationship between increase the oxygen and blood PH

A

Hemoglobin Retains less oxygenat a lower pH

41
Q

What causes a heart attack

A

A blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart

Biology (23 decks)

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