Heart: Chapter 42 TB Notes

Question 1

Open Circulatory system

Answer 1

found in invertebrates

Does not have vessels or arteries to transport blood but the blood flows Freely through cavities

Question 2

What is a closed circulatory system

Answer 2

Found in vertebrates

The system has vessels in arteries to conduct and transport blood throughout the body

Question 3

Hemolymph

Answer 3

A fluid equivalent to blood and most invertebrates

Question 4

What is a close circulatory system consist of

Answer 4

Blood, blood vessels, and a 2 to 4 chambered heart

Question 5

Describe the pathway of oxygen rich blood

(PLBLAA)

(Please Like Black Ladies Adams Apple)

Answer 5

Blood is coming from the lungs back to the heart

1)Pulmonary veins

2) Left atrium

3) Bicuspid valve

4) Left ventricle

5) Aortic valve

6) Aorta

7) blood goes to rest of body

Question 6

Describe the pathway of deoxygenated blood

Very Red Titties Really Plump Penises

Answer 6

Blood coming from heart to lungs

1) VENA CAVA: Blood enters from the superior and inferior vena cava

2) Right atrium

3) Tricuspid valve

4) Right ventricle

5) Pulmonary valve

6) Pulmonary artery

Question 7

What do capillaries do

Answer 7

Sights of chemical/gaseous exchange

ex) Pulmonary capillaries changes blood from deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood

Question 8

Job of veins

Answer 8

Return Blood from capillaries to the atrium

Question 9

What type of heart does aquatic animals have

Answer 9

They have a single pump in their heart

Question 10

What type of heart does air breathing vertebrae have

Answer 10

Have two pumps combined in a single heart

Question 11

Systole

Answer 11

A period of contraction in the heart cycle

Question 12

Diastole

Answer 12

A period of relaxation in the heart cycle

Question 13

Pulse

Answer 13

Number of heart beats per minute

Can asses heart function

Question 14

Cardiac output

Answer 14

Can asses heart function

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute

Question 15

Where do you Heartbeats originate from

Answer 15

Impulses at the sinoatrial node aka the pacemaker of the the right atrium Which triggered atrial contraction

Question 16

Atrioventricular node

Answer 16

Can delay heart contractions in order to protect your heart from rapid arrhythmias

Question 17

Purkinje fibers

Answer 17

Allow for the heart do you have synchronize contractions of its ventricles

Plays a major role in electrical conduction of the heart

Question 18

What is the job of arteries

Answer 18

They have thick elastic walls that help maintain blood pressure

Question 19

What is the velocity of blood flow the lowest

Answer 19

In the capillary beds because of their large total cross-sectional area

Question 20

Blood pressure is altered by

Answer 20

Changes in cardiac output and buy a variable construction of arterioles

Question 21

What happens when fluid leaked out of capillaries

Answer 21

It is returned to blood by the lymphatic system

Question 22

What are platelets

Answer 22

Cell blood fragments

Question 23

What is the liquid matrix of blood

Answer 23

Plasma

Question 24

What does plasma proteins influence

Answer 24

Blood pH, osmotic pressure, viscosity

Question 25

Function of plasma proteins

Answer 25

Lipid transport, immunity, blood clotting

Question 26

Job of red blood cells

Answer 26

To transport oxygen

Question 27

Job of platelets

Answer 27

Blood clotting converting plasma fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 28

Explain gas exchange in the heart

Answer 28

The gas undergoes neck diffusion from a higher partial pressure to a lower partial pressure

Question 29

Explain the gas exchange of aquatic animals

Answer 29

They use gills to breed underwater The gas exchange is increased by ventilation in countercurrent exchange between blood and water

Question 30

Explain the gas exchange of insects/mammals

Answer 30

They use a tracheal system  It’s a system with a branch network of tubes to bring oxygen directly to self

Question 31

Explain gas exchange in humans/mammals (No two bitches bickering always)

Answer 31

nose—> trachea—> bronchi—> bronchioles—> alveoli where gas exchange occcurs

Question 32

What is positive Pressure Breathing

Answer 32

When the air is forced down the trachea

Question 33

What is negative Pressure Breathing

Answer 33

Used by mammals Pulls air into the lungs when the rib muscles and diaphragm contracts

Question 34

Respiratory pigments

Answer 34

Hemoglobin and hemocyanin Bind to oxygen which greatly increases the amount of oxygen transported by the circulatory system

Question 35

What is the function of the circulatory system

Answer 35

Transporting nutrients and removing waste products From the body cells

Question 36

All birds and mammals have

Answer 36

A double circulatory system and a four chambered heart

Question 37

Which circulatory system requires the least amount of energy

Answer 37

Open circulatory system

Question 38

What is a portal vein

Answer 38

Carries Blood between capillary beds in locations outside of the heart and lungs

Question 39

What happens to the diaphragm and Rib muscles when you exhale

Answer 39

The diaphragm moves up and relaxes and the rib muscles relax

Question 40

What is the relationship between increase the oxygen and blood PH

Answer 40

Hemoglobin Retains less oxygenat a lower pH

Question 41

What causes a heart attack

Answer 41

A blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart