Animal Nutrition: Chapter 41 Textbook Notes Flashcards
What are the major classes of digestive systems in animals
Monogastric= humans
Avian= birds digestive system
Ruminant= Cows
Pseudo-ruminant= horse, hamsters, etc
What are the four classes of essential nutrients
8 amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals
Why does example of negative feedback Loop pertaining to food
Nutrient intake: insulin and glucagon help bring the blood sugar back to homeostasis
What are some examples to show how vertebrate I just have systems are adapted to diet
Dental adaptations
Stomach and intestinal adaptations: expandable stomachs are common and carnivorous vertebrates, the length of the digestive system is different in different vertebrates
Food provides chemical energy called
ATP
Food provides carbon skeletons for biosynthesis aka
The organic building blocks
What are essential nutrients
Nutrients that the body doesn’t makeso we must get it from an outside source
Vitamins(organic), minerals (inorganic) and amino acid (organic) are
Essential nutrients
Food processing involves
Ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination
Bulkfeeders
Eating large pieces of food
Filter feeding
A method of aquatic feeding in which the animal takes in many small pieces of prey at one time
Substrate feeding
The organism lives on or inside their food source and feeds through the soft tissues
Example: leaf miner caterpillars and maggots
Fluid feeding
Feed on the fluid of other organisms
Example: mosquitoes feeding on blood
Intracellular digestion
Particles are engulfed by phagocytosis and digest within food vacuoles that have fused with lysosomes
Extracellular digestion
Used by most animals
Enzymatic hydrolysis occurs outside cells in a gastrovascular cavity or alimentary
Gastrovascular cavity
Found in animals like jelly fish
Has one opening that acts as the mouth and anus
Passes mouth and enters main cavity
Alimentary canal
Found in humans/human digestive system
Continuous tube that stats with oral cavity then pharynx, then esophagus, etc
What is the main difference between alimentary canal and a gastrovascular cavity
The main difference is that the gastrovascular cavity has the mouth and anus are the same thing. There is only one opening
Look at diagram in photos for full digestive system in mammals
Food intake triggers nervous and
Hormonal responses which causes secretion of digestive juices
Vertebrates store excess calories in
Glycogen (liver and muscle cells)
Fat (in adipose cells)
Lepton and insulin regulate what
Appetite
