Plant Structure: Chapter 35 Flashcards
What is the hierarchical organization of plants
Organs → tissues → cells
Components of vascular plant shoots
They consist of stems and leaves
Roots
Anchor the plant, absorb and conduct water and minerals and store food
What are leaves connected to
Nodes
What are nodes
They are the main organs of photo synthesis
Is the area where great cellular activity and growth occurs
Where small buds develop into leaves, flowers, etc
Area on stem where buds are located
Axillarybuds location?
In the axils ot leaves and stems which gives rise to branches
What are the 3 tissue systems of vascular plants
Dermal, vascular and ground
What is dermal tissue?
A continuous layer of cells that cover the plant exterior
What are vascular tissues?
Aka xylem and phloem; they facilitate the long distance transport of substances
What is ground tissue?
Storage, metabolism and regeneration
Parenchyma cells
Thin walled calls that can divide
they perform most metabolic functions of synthesis and storage
Collenchyma cells
Thick walled cells that support young, growing parts of the plants
Sclerenchyma cells
Sclerelds and fibers; thick dignified walls that support mature nongrowing parts of the plant
Tracheids and vessel elements
The water conducting cells of the xylem; have thick walls and are dead at functional maturity
Sieve - Tube elements
Living but highly modified cells that are devoid of internal organelles; they transport sugars through the phloem of angiosperms
Primary growth
Main function: lengthen roots and shoots
Apical meristem location
Near tip of the root; in apical bud
Apical meristem function
Generates cells for thegrowing root axis and root cap
Eudicot stems vs. Monocot stem
Eudicot has vascular bundles in a ring while monocot has scattered vascular bundles
Stomata cell function
Allow for gaseous exchange and are major avenues for water loss
How are stomata cells formed
Epidermal pores formed by pairs of guard cells
Main function of secondary growth
Increases the thickness/diameter of stems & roots in woody plants
A meristematic cylinder that processes secondary xylem and secondary phloem
Vascular cambium
Older layers of secondary xylem vs. Younger layers
Older layers become inactive;younger layers still conduct water
