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Cardio Exam 2 > Vascular Infections - Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Vascular Infections - Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Rickettsia is what kind of organism

where do they divide

A
  • obligate intracellular
  • gram-negative
  • divide in the cytoplasm of infected cells
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2
Q

what organism carries rickettsia

A
  • ticks
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3
Q

what does rickettsia infects

what does it cause

A
  • infects vascular endothelial cells

- causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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4
Q

how has the incidence of RMSF changed over history

what about case fatality

A
  • it has increased

- it has decreased

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5
Q

when do we see most RMSF infections? What months

A
  • spring and summer
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6
Q

what states do we see a high incidence of RMSF cases

A
  • NC- Tennessee- Arkansas- Missouri- Oklahoma
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7
Q

can we culture rickettsia without host cells?

A
  • no
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8
Q

how does rickettsia get energy

A
  • utilize host carbon sources and host ATP
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9
Q

how does Rickettsia move between cells

A
  • utilizes host actin for motility and neighboring cell invasion
  • bacteria spreads cell-to-cell without encountering extracellular environment
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10
Q

what happens to the endothelial cells that rickettsia infects

A
  • alters and damages membranes of endothelial cells

- platelets bind to altered endothelial cells and leads to DIC

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11
Q

what does endothelial damage lead to

A
  • blood leakage out of blood vessels

- leads to shock

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12
Q

prodromal symptoms of RMSF occur when

A
  • 1-2 weeks
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13
Q

symptoms of RMSF

A
  • chills- fever- headache- rash
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14
Q

what kind of rash do people with RMSF get

where

A
  • erythematous
  • maculopapular
  • petechial
  • on extremities then trunk
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15
Q

clinical picture of RMSF infection

A
  • fulminant vasculitis of endothelial cells

- also vascular smooth muscle cells of kidney, heart, skin, brain, and subQ tissues

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16
Q

vascular endothelial cell damage in relation to the number of rickettsia parasitizing them

A
  • proportional
17
Q

case fatality of RMSF without treatment

A
  • 25%
18
Q

which age population is more susceptible to severe RMSF

A
  • older people
19
Q

what is the first line treatment for adults and children of all ages when RMSF is first suspected

when should it be administered

A
  • doxycycline
  • almost immediately
  • within first 5 days of symptoms
20
Q

does doxy stain teeth?

A
  • no
21
Q

what kind of virus is hantavirus

A
  • robovirus

- rodent-borne virus

22
Q

transmission of hantavirus

A
  • transmission via inhaled aerosols contaminated with rodent feces or urine
  • not person-to-person
23
Q

another name for hantavirus in the US

A
  • sin nombre
24
Q

genome and covering of hantavirus

A
  • enveloped RNA virus- segmented genome
25
Q

seroprevalence of hantavirus

A
  • very low
26
Q

where in the US do you see hantavirus (sin hombre)

A
  • western US
27
Q

outbreaks of hantavirus due to

A
  • El nino weather patterns with higher than usual rainfall
28
Q

hantavirus infections

A
  • acute infections affecting cardiac, renal, and pulmonary systems
29
Q

hantavirus replicates where

results

A
  • capillary endothelial cells

- increases vascular permeability

30
Q

symptoms of hantavirus are due to

A
  • direct viral effects on endothelium

- immunopathology caused by innate and adaptive responses to virus

31
Q

herpesvirus familie contains which viruses

A
  • herpes simplex
  • VZV
  • EBV
  • CMV
  • HHV
32
Q

HHV8 is what virus?

A
  • Kaposi sarcoma
33
Q

which viruses cause mono

A
  • EBV

- CMV

34
Q

what cells does CMV infect

A
  • myeloid
  • smooth muscle
  • endothelial cells
35
Q

replication in ______ contributes to CMV dissemination

A
  • vascular endothelium
36
Q

what do you see cellularly in CMV?

A
  • owl eye inclusion bodies
37
Q

HHV-8 is commonly associated with

A
  • Kaposi’s sarcoma

- B-cell lymphoproliferative disease

38
Q

HHV-8 infection of endothelial cells causes

A
  • VEGF production and angiogenesis

Cardio Exam 2 (29 decks)

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