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Cardio Exam 2 > Hypertension Drugs > Flashcards

Hypertension Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

loop diuretics MOA

A
  • inhibit Na/K/2Cl symporter in loop of henle
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2
Q

what HTN drugs can you treat heart failure with

A
  • diuretics - ACEi/ARB - beta blockers - hydralazine + nitrates
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3
Q

angioedema is likely to affect which race

A
  • african Americans - 3x more likely
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4
Q

how beta blockers exacerbate asthma/COPD

A
  • nonselective beta blocker that acts on B2 - causes bronchoconstriction and less O2 into the lungs
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5
Q

loop/thiazide diuretic toxicities

how

A
  • hypokalemia
  • increased Na+ from upstream drives loss of K+ in collecting duct
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6
Q

drugs that reduce blood volume only

A
  • diuretics
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7
Q

drugs that reduce cardiac output and vascular resistance

A
  • sympatholytics
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8
Q

furosemide during pregnancy is what class

A
  • C
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9
Q

how NSAIDS increase hypertension

A
  • inhibit phase II glucouronidation of aldosterone - prostaglandin E2 -> vasodilates - salt water retention -> increased blood volume
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10
Q

beta blockers pregnancy category in 1st trimester

A
  • B/C
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11
Q

what type of drug is hydrochlorothiazide

A
  • thiazide diuretic
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12
Q

Nifedipine is what kind of drug

A
  • Ca2+ channel blocker
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13
Q

adverse effects of Ca2+ channel blockers

A
  • drug-induced gingival enlargement
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14
Q

what is the Ca2+ channel blocker of choice during pregnancy

A
  • Nifedipine
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15
Q

toxicities of beta blockers

A
  • increase/decrease blood sugar (be careful with diabetics - exacerbate asthma/COPD
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16
Q

_______ have been documented to decrease mortality in patients with heart failure

A
  • beta blockers
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17
Q

MOA K+ opener drugs

A
  • hyperpolarize vascular smooth muscle cells - inhibit contraction
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18
Q

what type of drug is Eplerenone

A
  • K+ sparing diuretic aldosterone antagonist
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19
Q

result of hyperkalemia as toxicity of ACE inhibitors and ARBs

A
  • risk of arrhythmias
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20
Q

MOA of alpha 2 agonists

A
  • activate alpha 2 receptor which leads to vasorelaxation
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21
Q

in a closed circulatory system, BP is affected by

A
  • cardiac output - vascular resistance - blood volume
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22
Q

drugs that reduce vascular resistance only

A
  • vasodilators
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23
Q

MOA of vasodilators

A
  • relax vascular smooth muscle - reduce BP
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24
Q

result of hypokalemia from loop/thiazide toxidies

A
  • hyperpolarization -> various arrhythmias - delayed repolarization -> reentry rhythms
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25
Q

drugs that reduce blood volume and vascular resistance

A
  • anti-angiotensin drugs
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26
Q

thiazide diuretics MOA

A
  • inhibit Na/Cl symporter in distal convoluted tubule
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27
Q

Captopril and Lisinopril are - pril

A
  • ACE inhibitors
28
Q

MOA of anti-angiotensin drugs

A
  • reduce vasoconstriction and water retention
29
Q

how do ACE inhibits produce angioedemia

A
  • affect bradykinin metabolism causing - endothelial cell leakage in lungs and other capillaries
30
Q

what HTN drugs can you treat diabetes (nephropathy) with

A
  • ACEi/ARBs
31
Q

K+ sparing diuretic adverse effects

A
  • gynecomastia
32
Q

what type of drug is clonidine

A
  • alpha 2 agonist
33
Q

adverse affects of loop diuretics

A
  • serum hypokalemia - serum alkalosis
34
Q

______ are less likely to induce reflex tachycardia than do ______

A
  • beta blockers - vasodilators
35
Q

what type of drug is Triamterene

A
  • K+ sparing diuretic epithelial Na channel inhibitor
36
Q

Losartan and Valsartan are - sartan

A
  • angiotensin receptor blockers
37
Q

adverse effects of thiazide diuretics

A
  • serum hypokalemia - serum alkalosis
38
Q

furosemide and torsemide are what kind of drug

A
  • loop diuretics
39
Q

MOA of ARBs

A
  • compete for binding on angiotensin II receptor with angiotensin II
40
Q

what is polypharmacy

A
  • using three drugs to control hypertension
41
Q

what is the drug of choice for hypertension during pregnancy

A
  • methyldopa
42
Q

ACE inhibits and ARBs in 2nd and 3rd trimester

A
  • fetal hypotension - renal failure
43
Q

alpha 1 antagonist category in pregnancy

A
  • C
44
Q

what type of drug is chlortalidone

A
  • thiazide diuretic
45
Q

what kind of drug is diazoxide

A
  • K+ opener
46
Q

result of diuretics and NSAIDS

A
  • increase hypertension
47
Q

ACE inhibits and ARBS toxicities

A
  • dry cough - angioedema - hyperkalemia
48
Q

toxicities of alpha 1 antagonists

A
  • 1st dose postural/orthostatic hypotension - occurs after first dose - does not reoccur with subsequent doses
49
Q

MOA of K+ sparing diuretics

A
  • inhibit epithelial Na+ channel in collecting duct
50
Q

spironolactone in pregnancy is what class

A
  • D
51
Q

what type of drug is spironolactone

A
  • K+ sparing diuretic aldosterone antagonist
52
Q

MOA of sympatholytics

A
  • reduce BP by inhibiting SNS
53
Q

diuretics drug interactions

A
  • diuretics and NSAIDS
54
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARBS in first trimester

A
  • teratogenic
55
Q

what HTN drugs can you treat angina with

A
  • beta blockers - Ca2+ blockers
56
Q

what HTN drugs can you treat benign prostatic hyperplasia with

A
  • alpha 1 antagonist
57
Q

MOA of hydralazine

A
  • increases cGMP in vascular smooth muscle - induces vasodilation
58
Q

MOA of beta blockers

A
  • decrease heart rate
59
Q

what type of drug is prazosin

A
  • alpha 1 antagonist on vascular smooth muscle
60
Q

hydrochlorothiazide in pregnancy is what class

A
  • D
61
Q

which drug is associated with gynecomastia why

A
  • spironolactone - acts like estradiol
62
Q

mechanism of action of diuretics

A
  • inhibit reuptake of Na+ and H2O
63
Q

MOA of alpha 1 antagonists

A
  • inhibit smooth muscle contraction
64
Q

is angioedema reversible?

A
  • rapidly reversible
65
Q

MOA of Ca2+ channel blockers

A
  • reduce smooth muscle contraction strength
66
Q

beta blockers pregnancy category in 2nd/3rd trimester

A
  • D
67
Q

alpha 2 antagonists category in pregnany

A
  • B/C

Cardio Exam 2 (29 decks)

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