Hypertension Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
loop diuretics MOA
A
- inhibit Na/K/2Cl symporter in loop of henle
2
Q
what HTN drugs can you treat heart failure with
A
- diuretics - ACEi/ARB - beta blockers - hydralazine + nitrates
3
Q
angioedema is likely to affect which race
A
- african Americans - 3x more likely
4
Q
how beta blockers exacerbate asthma/COPD
A
- nonselective beta blocker that acts on B2 - causes bronchoconstriction and less O2 into the lungs
5
Q
loop/thiazide diuretic toxicities
how
A
- hypokalemia
- increased Na+ from upstream drives loss of K+ in collecting duct
6
Q
drugs that reduce blood volume only
A
- diuretics
7
Q
drugs that reduce cardiac output and vascular resistance
A
- sympatholytics
8
Q
furosemide during pregnancy is what class
A
- C
9
Q
how NSAIDS increase hypertension
A
- inhibit phase II glucouronidation of aldosterone - prostaglandin E2 -> vasodilates - salt water retention -> increased blood volume
10
Q
beta blockers pregnancy category in 1st trimester
A
- B/C
11
Q
what type of drug is hydrochlorothiazide
A
- thiazide diuretic
12
Q
Nifedipine is what kind of drug
A
- Ca2+ channel blocker
13
Q
adverse effects of Ca2+ channel blockers
A
- drug-induced gingival enlargement
14
Q
what is the Ca2+ channel blocker of choice during pregnancy
A
- Nifedipine
15
Q
toxicities of beta blockers
A
- increase/decrease blood sugar (be careful with diabetics - exacerbate asthma/COPD
16
Q
_______ have been documented to decrease mortality in patients with heart failure
A
- beta blockers
17
Q
MOA K+ opener drugs
A
- hyperpolarize vascular smooth muscle cells - inhibit contraction
18
Q
what type of drug is Eplerenone
A
- K+ sparing diuretic aldosterone antagonist
19
Q
result of hyperkalemia as toxicity of ACE inhibitors and ARBs
A
- risk of arrhythmias
20
Q
MOA of alpha 2 agonists
A
- activate alpha 2 receptor which leads to vasorelaxation
21
Q
in a closed circulatory system, BP is affected by
A
- cardiac output - vascular resistance - blood volume
22
Q
drugs that reduce vascular resistance only
A
- vasodilators
23
Q
MOA of vasodilators
A
- relax vascular smooth muscle - reduce BP
24
Q
result of hypokalemia from loop/thiazide toxidies
A
- hyperpolarization -> various arrhythmias - delayed repolarization -> reentry rhythms
25
drugs that reduce blood volume and vascular resistance
- anti-angiotensin drugs
26
thiazide diuretics MOA
- inhibit Na/Cl symporter in distal convoluted tubule
27
Captopril and Lisinopril are - pril
- ACE inhibitors
28
MOA of anti-angiotensin drugs
- reduce vasoconstriction and water retention
29
how do ACE inhibits produce angioedemia
- affect bradykinin metabolism causing - endothelial cell leakage in lungs and other capillaries
30
what HTN drugs can you treat diabetes (nephropathy) with
- ACEi/ARBs
31
K+ sparing diuretic adverse effects
- gynecomastia
32
what type of drug is clonidine
- alpha 2 agonist
33
adverse affects of loop diuretics
- serum hypokalemia - serum alkalosis
34
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are less likely to induce reflex tachycardia than do \_\_\_\_\_\_
- beta blockers - vasodilators
35
what type of drug is Triamterene
- K+ sparing diuretic epithelial Na channel inhibitor
36
Losartan and Valsartan are - sartan
- angiotensin receptor blockers
37
adverse effects of thiazide diuretics
- serum hypokalemia - serum alkalosis
38
furosemide and torsemide are what kind of drug
- loop diuretics
39
MOA of ARBs
- compete for binding on angiotensin II receptor with angiotensin II
40
what is polypharmacy
- using three drugs to control hypertension
41
what is the drug of choice for hypertension during pregnancy
- methyldopa
42
ACE inhibits and ARBs in 2nd and 3rd trimester
- fetal hypotension - renal failure
43
alpha 1 antagonist category in pregnancy
- C
44
what type of drug is chlortalidone
- thiazide diuretic
45
what kind of drug is diazoxide
- K+ opener
46
result of diuretics and NSAIDS
- increase hypertension
47
ACE inhibits and ARBS toxicities
- dry cough - angioedema - hyperkalemia
48
toxicities of alpha 1 antagonists
- 1st dose postural/orthostatic hypotension - occurs after first dose - does not reoccur with subsequent doses
49
MOA of K+ sparing diuretics
- inhibit epithelial Na+ channel in collecting duct
50
spironolactone in pregnancy is what class
- D
51
what type of drug is spironolactone
- K+ sparing diuretic aldosterone antagonist
52
MOA of sympatholytics
- reduce BP by inhibiting SNS
53
diuretics drug interactions
- diuretics and NSAIDS
54
ACE inhibitors and ARBS in first trimester
- teratogenic
55
what HTN drugs can you treat angina with
- beta blockers - Ca2+ blockers
56
what HTN drugs can you treat benign prostatic hyperplasia with
- alpha 1 antagonist
57
MOA of hydralazine
- increases cGMP in vascular smooth muscle - induces vasodilation
58
MOA of beta blockers
- decrease heart rate
59
what type of drug is prazosin
- alpha 1 antagonist on vascular smooth muscle
60
hydrochlorothiazide in pregnancy is what class
- D
61
which drug is associated with gynecomastia why
- spironolactone - acts like estradiol
62
mechanism of action of diuretics
- inhibit reuptake of Na+ and H2O
63
MOA of alpha 1 antagonists
- inhibit smooth muscle contraction
64
is angioedema reversible?
- rapidly reversible
65
MOA of Ca2+ channel blockers
- reduce smooth muscle contraction strength
66
beta blockers pregnancy category in 2nd/3rd trimester
- D
67
alpha 2 antagonists category in pregnany
- B/C
