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Cardio Exam 2 > PVD1 > Flashcards

PVD1 Flashcards

1
Q

stage 0 Rutherford classification scheme for PAD

A
  • asymptomatic
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2
Q

stage 1 Rutherford classification scheme for PAD

A
  • mild claudication
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3
Q

stage 2 Rutherford classification scheme for PAD

A
  • moderate claudication
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4
Q

stage 3 Rutherford classification scheme for PAD

A
  • severe claudication
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5
Q

stage 4 Rutherford classification scheme for PAD

A
  • rest pain
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6
Q

stage 5 Rutherford classification scheme for PAD

A
  • minor tissue loss
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7
Q

stage 6 Rutherford classification scheme for PAD

A
  • severe tissue loss
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8
Q

PAD prevalence increases with

A
  • age
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9
Q

persons with PAD have a greater chance of

A
  • dying from CVD

- risk of mortality overall

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10
Q

big risk factors for vascular disease

A
  • cigarette smoking
  • diabetes
  • hypertension
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11
Q

PAD symptoms

A
  • claudication
  • rest pain
  • tissue loss/ulceration
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12
Q

rest pain and tissue loss/ulceration can lead to

A
  • critical limb ischemia
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13
Q

treatment of PAD

A
  • medical

- surgical

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14
Q

medical treatment of PAD

A
  • exercise

- risk factor modification

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15
Q

surgical treatment of PAD

A
  • bypass

- endovascular

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16
Q

medications for PAD

A
  • cilostazol with walking
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17
Q

definition of an aneurysm

A
  • 50% increase in diameter compared with expected normal diameter
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18
Q

protective factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm

A
  • female sex
  • black race
  • diabetes mellitus
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19
Q

biggest etiology of abdominal aortic aneurysms

A
  • degenerative nonspecific atherosclerosis
20
Q

mycotic aneurysms due to

A
  • secondary infection by staph, salmonella, strep
21
Q

inflammatory aneurysms

A
  • dense periaortic fibrosis

- inflammation

22
Q

congenital syndromes for abdominal aortic aneurysms

A
  • marfan syndrome

- type IV ehler’s danlos syndrome

23
Q

marfan syndrome due to which defect

A
  • fibrillin-1 defect
24
Q

fibrillin 1 role

A
  • main structural components in elastin-associated microfibrils
25
Q

type IV Ehlers-danlos syndrome due to defect in

A
  • type III procollagen
26
Q

clinical presentation of AAA

A
  • asymptomatic
  • distal emboli
  • abdominal or back pain
  • rupture
27
Q

rupture symptoms of AAA

A
  • pain
  • hypotension
  • pulsatile mass
28
Q

at what size does the risk of AAA start

A
  • 5.5 cm
29
Q

LaPlace’s law

A
  • T=PxR

tension = pressure x radius

30
Q

AAA diagnosis

A
  • physical exam
  • Xray
  • ultrasound
  • CT
  • rupture
31
Q

small AAA treatment

A
  • serial CT scans
32
Q

large AAA treatment

A
  • surgical repair
33
Q

ruptured AAA treatment

A
  • emergent repair
34
Q

symptomatic AAA treatment

A
  • surgical repair
35
Q

types of surgical repair for AAA

A
  • open repair

- endovascular repair

36
Q

stroke is which number leading cause of death

A
  • 3rd
37
Q

biggest cause of stroke

A
  • infarction
38
Q

atherosclerotic plaques commonly occurs at

A
  • bifurcations
39
Q

atherosclerotic plaques typically thickest at

A
  • bulb and extends 2 cm
40
Q

atherosclerotic plaques occurs where in the carotid artery

A
  • along lateral wall
41
Q

pathophysiology of stroke secondary to carotid stenosis due to

A
  • embolism of overlying thrombus
  • embolism of plaque fragments
  • low flow through post stenotic segment
42
Q

carotid stenosis presentation

A
  • asymptomatic
  • TIA
  • stroke
43
Q

carotid stenos diagnosis

A
  • carotid duplex
  • MRA
  • angiogram
44
Q

carotid duplex process

A
  • B mode imaging to evaluate for plaque
45
Q

carotid duplex measures

A
  • velocities in common carotid, internal carotid, and external carotid arteries
46
Q

medical treatment of carotid stenosis

A
  • aspirin

- clopidogrel

47
Q

surgical treatment of carotid stenosis

A
  • carotid endarterectomy

- carotid stenting

Cardio Exam 2 (29 decks)

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