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Cardio Exam 2 > PVD 3 > Flashcards

PVD 3 Flashcards

1
Q

non-inflammatory peripheral vascular disorders

A
  • varicose veins

- raynaud’s phenomenon

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2
Q

inflammatory peripheral vascular disorders

  • vasculitides
A
  • temporal arteritis
  • polyarteritis nodosa
  • Kawasaki’s disease
  • takayasu’s disease
  • buerger’s disease

tpktb
total bottoms keep playing together

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3
Q

cardiovascular neoplasms

A
  • hemangioma
  • kaposi’s sarcoma
  • cardiac myxoma
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4
Q

tunica intima composed of

A
  • endothelium
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5
Q

tunica media composed of

A
  • smooth muscle
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6
Q

tunica adventitia composed of

A
  • connective tissue
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7
Q

definition of varicose veins

A
  • dilated, tortuous, superficial veins
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8
Q

what veins are generally affected by varicose veins

A
  • saphenous
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9
Q

risk factors for varicose veins

A
  • increased age
  • genetics
  • standing
  • obesity
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10
Q

pathogenesis of varicose veins

A
  • venous wall weakness
  • increased venous pressure
  • valve incompetence
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11
Q

clinical symptoms of varicose veins

A
  • mild-severe
  • cosmetic issues
  • +/- aching
  • +/- skin ulcers
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12
Q

which sex most affected by varicose veins

A
  • women
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13
Q

definition of raynaud’s phenomenon

A
  • arterial and arteriolar vasospasm
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14
Q

etiology of raynaud’s phenomenon

A
  • cold

- emotions

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15
Q

which sex is most likely to get raynaud’s

A
  • females
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16
Q

pathogenesis of raynaud’s

A
  • arterial/arteriolar vasospasm in skin
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17
Q

which parts of the body most affected in raynaud’s

A
  • fingers > toes&raquo_space; nose, ears
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18
Q

associations of raynaud’s

A
  • part of connective tissue disease
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19
Q

what connective tissue diseases can Raynaud’s be associated with

what do we call this association

A
  • SLE
  • scleroderma
  • secondary raynaud’s
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20
Q

clinical progression of raynaud’s

A
  • pallor (white) -> blue -> red
  • (+/-) bilateral, symmetrical
  • cold
  • paresthesia
  • pain
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21
Q

treatment of raynaud’s

A
  • prevention
  • Ca++ channel blockers
  • alpha blockers
  • vasodilators
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22
Q

another name of temporal arteritis

A
  • giant cell arteritis
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23
Q

which is the most common vasculitis

A
  • temporal arteritis
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24
Q

which population of people most usually gets temporal arteritis

A
  • elderly

- women

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25
Q

etiology of temporal arteritis

A
  • idiopathic
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26
Q

pathogenesis of temporal arteritis

A
  • focal granuloma formation in med-large arteries

- forms in branches of carotid

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27
Q

which branch of the carotid does temporal arteritis often form in

A
  • temporal
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28
Q

associations of temporal arteritis

A
  • 50% have polymyalgia rheumatica
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29
Q

clinical symptoms of temporal arteritis

A
  • unilateral throbbing temporal headache
  • +/- visual involvement
  • self limiting (1-5 years)
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30
Q

diagnosis of temporal arteritis

A
  • erythrocyte sedimentation rate
  • CRP
  • biopsy
  • imaging
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31
Q

treatment of temporal arteritis

A
  • corticosteroids
32
Q

polyarteritis nodosa normally affects which population

A
  • men
  • middle age

PN PENIS - who has problems with their penis? middle aged men!

33
Q

etiology of polyarteritis nodosa

A
  • idiopathic
34
Q

pathogenesis of polyarteritis nodosa

A
  • type 3 immune response = Ag-Ab complex
  • fibrinoid necrosis
  • thrombosis
  • infarct

PN THINK PENIS AGAIN AND THEN TWO PENIS COMING TOGETHER TO FORM THE AG-AB COMPLEX

35
Q

polyarteritis nodosa antigen is often

A
  • Hep B in 30%
36
Q

polyarteritis nodosa affects what

A
  • small arteries (everywhere except lung)
37
Q

polyarteritis nodosa clinical

A
  • constitutional symptoms

- effects of stenosis/infarcts in varying arteries/organs

38
Q

treatment of polyarteritis nodosa

A
  • corticosteroids
39
Q

Kawasaki disease mostly affects which population

A
  • children
40
Q

Kawasaki disease etiology

A
  • idiopathic

- incidental infection -> nonspecific immune system activation

41
Q

Kawasaki disease pathogenesis

A
  • systemic necrotizing vasculitis in small-med arteries

- lymphadenopathy

42
Q

Kawasaki disease clinical

A
  • fever
  • rash
  • mucosal lesions
  • lympadenopathy
43
Q

Kawasaki disease 70% of people have involvement of

A
  • coronary arteries +/- aneurysm

- acute, self-limiting

44
Q

Kawasaki disease treatment

A
  • IV immunoglobulins

- aspirin

45
Q

takayasu arteritis also called

A
  • aortic arch syndrome

- pulseless disease

46
Q

takayasu arteritis mostly affects which population

A
  • females

- < 40 years old

47
Q

takayasu arteritis etiology

A
  • idiopathic
48
Q

takayasu arteritis pathogenesis

A
  • granulomas inflammation in med-large arteries
  • +/- stenosis/thrombosis/aneurysm
  • aorta and branches (retinal vessels also)
49
Q

takayasu arteritis clinical

A
  • inflammatory phase -> constitutional symptoms

- effects of stenosis of varying arteries including decreased pulse

50
Q

decreased pulse is due if arteritis is in which artery

A
  • subclavian
51
Q

takayasu arteritis treatment

A
  • corticosteroids
52
Q

buerger’s disease other name

A
  • thromboangitis obliterans
53
Q

buerger’s disease epidemiology

most affects

A
  • uncommon

- men under 40 years old

54
Q

buerger’s disease etiology

A
  • tobacco use (smoking)

- genetics

55
Q

buerger’s disease pathogenesis

A
  • acute inflammation in small-med arteries and distal limbs
  • inflammation
  • thrombosis
  • infarcts
56
Q

buerger’s disease clinical

A
  • intermittent claudication
  • pain
  • can progress to ulcers and gangrene
57
Q

buerger’s disease treatment

A
  • cease tobacco use
58
Q

hemangioma definition

A
  • benign tumor of the blood vessels
59
Q

which sex is most affected by hemangioma

A
  • females
60
Q

hemangioma histolopathology

A
  • proliferation of endothelium

- creating large and/or small vascular channels

61
Q

hemangiomas mostly occur on

A
  • skin
  • mucous membrane
  • internal organs
62
Q

hemangiomas that arise in childhoood

A
  • birthmark
63
Q

hemangioma that arise in childhood and regress by 10 years old

composed of

A
  • strawberry/capillary

- small vascular channels

64
Q

hemangioma that arise in childhood and don’t regress

composed of

A
  • port wine stain/cavernous

- large vascular channels

65
Q

hemangiomas that arise in adulthood and don’t regress

composed of

A
  • cherry
  • large vascular channels

people pop their cherry in adulthood

66
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma etiology

A
  • HHV8
67
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma epidemiology

A
  • AIDS
68
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma pathogenesis

A
  • infected endothelial cells -> unregulated growth
69
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma mostly affects which part of the body

A
  • skin

- mucous membranes (everywhere)

70
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma rashes

A
  • red-purple-brown
  • macules-nodules
  • any size/shape
71
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma histopathology

A
  • spindle cells (malignant endothelial cells)

- blood filled vascular spaces

72
Q

cardiac myxoma defintion

A
  • benign neoplasm of primitive connective tissue
73
Q

cardiac myxoma epidemiology

A
  • most common primary neoplasm of the heart
74
Q

cardiac myxoma most affected which part of the heart

A

left atrium > right atrium > ventricles

75
Q

cardiac myxoma patholgoy

A
  • pedunculated

- composed of ECM + few tumor cells

76
Q

cardiac myxoma symptoms arise from

A
  • obstruction of blood flow in the involved chamber of the heart

Cardio Exam 2 (29 decks)

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