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Cardio Exam 2 > Lipoprotein Metabolism > Flashcards

Lipoprotein Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

what are lipoproteins

A
  • transport vehicles for triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and cholesterol esters
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2
Q

what do lipoproteins work with?

A
  • apoproteins
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3
Q

lipoproteins consist of

A
  • central core

- surface monolayer

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4
Q

central core composed of

A
  • triglycerides

- cholesterol esters

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5
Q

surface monolayer composed of

A
  • phospholipids
  • proteins
  • cholesterol
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6
Q

plasma lipoproteins classified by density from least dense to most dense

A
  • chylomicrons
  • VLDL (remnants of IDL)
  • LDL
  • HDL
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7
Q

exogenous pathway

A
  • dietary lipids from intestine -> peripheral tissue and liver
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8
Q

endogenous pathway

A
  • synthesized lipids from liver -> peripheral tissue
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9
Q

reverse cholesterol transport pathway

A
  • cholesterol from peripheral tissue -> liver
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10
Q

role of apo C

A
  • activator of lipoprotein lipase
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11
Q

role of apo A

A
  • binding of HDL to peripheral tissues

- activator of LCAT

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12
Q

role of apoB-100

A
  • binding of LDL to LDL receptor
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13
Q

role of apo E

A
  • binding of chylomicron, VLDL, and HDL remnants to the liver after their TGs have been removed
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14
Q

role of apoB plus apoE

A
  • binding of IDL to the liver
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15
Q

lipoprotein lipase located on

A
  • endothelial surface of blood capillaries adjacent to tissues capable of using fats
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16
Q

lipoprotein lipase required for

A
  • TG hydrolysis from chylomicrons and VLDL
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17
Q

lipoprotein lipase activated by

A
  • apoC

- insulin

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18
Q

hepatic lipase located on

A
  • endothelial surface of blood capillaries adjacent to the liver
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19
Q

role of hepatic lipase

A
  • hydrolyzes TGs in final stage of conversion of VLDL, IDL, and LDL
  • removal of cholesterol during final stages of HDL metabolism
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20
Q

regulation of hepatic lipase

A
  • not regulated
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21
Q

removal of triglycerides primarily catalyzed by

A
  • lipoprotein lipase
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22
Q

removal of triglycerides yields

A
  • remnant particles
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23
Q

remnant particles targeted to

A
  • liver for destruction
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24
Q

where can cholesterol diffuse

A
  • among lipoproteins and between lipoproteins and tissue
25
Q

until cholesterol esters are esterified, where do they remain

A
  • with lipoproteins
26
Q

what can lipoprotein particles exchange with each other

A
  • apoproteins
  • cholesterol
  • cholesterol esters
  • phospholipids
27
Q

role of HDL

A
  • important acceptor and donor
28
Q

exogenous pathway - chylomicrons synthesized by

A
  • intestinal mucosal cells with apoA and apoB48
29
Q

exogenous pathway - chylomicrons pick up

A
  • apoC, poE, and CE from HDL
30
Q

exogenous pathway - because chylmicrons have apoC now, what can they do?

A
  • bind to LPL at muscle and adipose and TG

- release free fatty acids

31
Q

exogenous pathway - after triglyceride is removed

A
  • apoA and apoC transferred to HDL

- leaves chylomicron remnant

32
Q

exogenous pathway - chylomicron remnant taken up by

A
  • liver via apoE receptors
33
Q

half life of chylomicron remnant

A
  • very short (minutes)
34
Q

endogenous pathway (triglycerides) - VLDL synthesized

A
  • in liver with TG, CE, C, and apoB 100

- in the fed state

35
Q

endogenous pathway (triglycerides) - VLDL then obtains

A
  • apoE and apoC from HDL
36
Q

endogenous pathway (triglycerides) - apoC->LPL

A
  • hydrolyzes TGs to FFA in muscle and adipose

- then picks up CE and transfers apoC to HDL

37
Q

endogenous pathway (triglycerides) - after TG removed and apoC lost of HDL

A
  • becomes remnant particle called IDL
38
Q

two classes of IDL

A
  • rich in apoE

- low in apoE

39
Q

particles that are rich in apoE

what kind of process is this?

A
  • binds to apoE and apoB receptors in liver and is destroyed

- this is a rapid process (hours)

40
Q

endogenous pathway (cholesterol) - remnant IDL with little apoE what happens

A
  • loses TG to hepatic lipase
  • converted to LDL
  • LDL also picks up CE from HDL
41
Q

LDL then loses cholesterol to

A
  • peripheral tissues by passive diffusion

- and binding to apoB receptor

42
Q

LDL eventually binds to

how long does this process take?

A
  • apoB receptor in liver
  • internalized and destroyed
  • this process takes days
43
Q

role of chylomicrons and VLDL

A
  • transport triglycerides and cholesterol to the peripheral tissue
44
Q

what happens apoC binds to LPL at the muscle and adipose tissue

A
  • removal of triglycerides
45
Q

what does the removal triglycerides caused

A
  • remnant particle

- guided to liver by apoB

46
Q

clearance rate of the apoE-low LDL

A
  • cleared very slowly
47
Q

role of LCAT

A
  • esterifies cholesterol associated with HDL

- traps cholesterol in the interior of the HDL particle

48
Q

what activates LCAT

A
  • apoA
49
Q

role of CETP

A
  • transfers cholesterol esters from HDL to VLDL, IDL, and LDL
  • main mechanism for delivery of cholesterol to the liver
50
Q

CEPTP with PLTP

A
  • transfers triglycerides and phospholipids from particles to HDL
51
Q

role of Apoprotein A

A
  • facilitates binding of HDL particles to ApoA receptors on peripheral tissues
  • activates transport protein called ABC1
  • activates LCAT reaction
52
Q

role of ABC1

A
  • responsible for efflux of cholesterol from peripheral tissue
53
Q

Reverse cholesterol transport - nascent HDL synthesized by

A
  • liver and intestine with ApoA and apoE
54
Q

Reverse cholesterol transport - HDL picks up

A
  • apoA and apoC from VLDL remnants and chylomicron remnants
55
Q

Reverse cholesterol transport HDL then donates

A
  • apoC and apoE to chylomicrons
56
Q

Reverse cholesterol transport - nascent HDL then binds to

A
  • apoA receptor on peripheral tissue

- picks up cholesterol

57
Q

Reverse cholesterol transport - HDL particles contain

A
  • LCAT

- CETP

58
Q

Reverse cholesterol transport - VLDL, IDL, and LDL bind to

A
  • receptors on liver

- internalized and destroyed

59
Q

Reverse cholesterol transport - HDL finally binds to

A
  • apoE receptors on the liver

- internalized and destroyed

Cardio Exam 2 (29 decks)

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