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Cardio Exam 2 > RAAS Basics > Flashcards

RAAS Basics Flashcards

1
Q

what are the body fluid compartments

A
  • ICF
  • ECF
    • Interstital fluid
    • plasma volume
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2
Q

ICF is how many liters and what percent of the body

A
  • 28L

- 67%

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3
Q

interstitial fluid is how many liters and what percent of the body

A
  • 11 L

- 25%

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4
Q

plasma volume is how many liters and what percent of the body

A
  • 3L

- 8%

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5
Q

role of effective arterial blood volume (EABV)

A
  • part of arterial circulation responsible for organ perfusion
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6
Q

what happens if EABV is decreased

A
  • the kidney retains Na and H2O
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7
Q

EABV is sensed by

A
  • afferent receptors
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8
Q

where are these afferent receptors located

A
  • carotid sinus
  • aortic arch
  • left ventricle
  • kidney (JGA)
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9
Q

EABV can be reduced by factors that

A
  • reduce arterial blood volume
  • increase vascular capacitance
  • reduce cardiac output
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10
Q

factors that reduce arterial blood volume

A
  • hemorrhage

- dehydration

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11
Q

factors that increase vascular capacitance

A
  • cirrhosis

- sepsis

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12
Q

factors that reduce cardiac output

A
  • congestive heart failure
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13
Q

renin is a

A
  • proteolytic enzyme
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14
Q

renin is made by the

A
  • kidney
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15
Q

role of renin

A
  • convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
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16
Q

renin initiates cascade that

A
  • support blood pressure

- defends circulating blood volume

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17
Q

what synthesizes renin

A
  • granular juxtaglomerular cells
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18
Q

what are granular juxtaglomerular cells

A
  • modified smooth muscle cells
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19
Q

where are granular juxtaglomerular cells located

A
  • located in media of the afferent arteriole
20
Q

stimulation of renin release

A
  • decreased effective circulating volume
  • stimulation of baroreceptors/decrease Cl- in tubule at macula densa
  • increased sympathetic tone
  • renin release into systemic circulation
21
Q

high pressure baroreceptors

A
  • carotid sinus
  • aortic arch
  • afferent arteriole
22
Q

low pressure baroreceptors

A
  • central veins

- atria

23
Q

angiotensinogen is produced by

A
  • the liver
24
Q

angiotensin I

A
  • inactive decapeptide

- precursor for angiotensin II

25
Q

angiotensin II

A
  • octapeptide

- derived from angiotensin I

26
Q

angiotensin II derived from angiotensin I after

A
  • cleavage of C-terminal peptide by ACE
27
Q

what is the key active product of RAAS

A
  • angiotensin II
28
Q

most effects of angiotensin II on the vascular and transport functions are mediated by _____

A
  • AT1 receptors
29
Q

role of angiotensin II binding to AT1 receptors

A
  • aldosterone release from zone glomerulosa of adrenal gland
30
Q

physiologic effects of angiotensin II

A
  • arteriolar vasoconstriction

- sodium and water retention

31
Q

ACE is found on

A
  • endothelial cells

- lungs and kidneys

32
Q

role of ACE

A
  • catalyzes angiotensin I (inactive) to angiotensin II

- converts bradykinin to inactive metabolites

33
Q

drugs that block ACE are important in treatment of

A
  • hypertension

- heart failure

34
Q

ACE inhibitor extracted from

A
  • venom in 1960s
35
Q

what is the rate limiting step

A
  • JGA secretion of renin

- to convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

36
Q

result of arteriolar constriction

A
  • increase peripheral resistance

- increase systemic arterial pressure

37
Q

result of increased renal Na+ retention and increased extracellular fluid

A
  • increased cardiac output
38
Q

negative feedback of increasing systemic arterial pressure

A
  • increase renal perfusion pressure
  • decrease baroreceptor sensitivity
  • decrease renal sympathetic activity
  • decrease secretion of renin
39
Q

negative feedback of increasing ECF

A
  • increase GFR and decrease proximal resorption of NaCl
  • change in NaCl at macula densa
  • decrease secretion of renin
40
Q

most people with primary hypertension have ____

A
  • increased renin levels
41
Q

low renin hypertension good response to

A
  • diuretics

- calcium channel blockers

42
Q

renin and aldosterone levels in chronic kidney disease

A
  • increased renin

- increased aldosterone

43
Q

renin and aldosterone levels in renal artery stenosis

A
  • increased renin

- increased aldosterone

44
Q

renin and aldosterone levels in primary aldosteronism

A
  • decreased renin

- increased aldosterone

45
Q

RAAS in congestive heart failure

A
  • decreased CO and PVR
  • decreased EABV ->activation of RAAS
  • increased renal sodium retention
  • increased venous pressure
  • edema builds up in peripheries and lungs

Cardio Exam 2 (29 decks)

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