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Cardio Exam 2 > PVD2 > Flashcards

PVD2 Flashcards

1
Q

vascular aneurysms caused by

A
  • congenital or acquired weakness in the vessel media -r cardiac chamber
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2
Q

where do vascular aneurysms occur

A
  • aorta or heart
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3
Q

classification of vascular aneurysms

A
  • location
  • configuration
  • etiology
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4
Q

what type of aneurysm is bounded by complete but attenuated vessel wall components

A
  • true aneurysm
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5
Q

types of true aneurysm

A
  • atherosclerotic
  • syphilitic
  • congenital
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6
Q

what type of aneurysm is an extravascular hematoma that communicates with the intravascular space

A
  • false aneurysm
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7
Q

types of false aneurysms

A
  • pseudoaneurysm

- pulsating hematoma

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8
Q

what subtype of aneurysm is an ovoid swelling that is parallel to a long axis

A
  • fusiform
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9
Q

what subtype of aneurysm is a bubble-like outpouching

A
  • saccular
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10
Q

what subtype of aneurysm occurs when a hemorrhage into media separates the vessel wall layers

A
  • dissecting
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11
Q

what subtype of aneurysm involves direct communication of the artery and vein

A
  • arteriovenous
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12
Q

what disease is associated with aneurysm of ascending aorta

A
  • syphilis
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13
Q

what disease is associated with aneurysm of ascending and thoracic aorta

A
  • cystic medial degeneration
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14
Q

what disease is associated with aneurysm of abdominal aorta

A
  • atherosclerosis
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15
Q

what disease is associated with aneurysm of muscular arteries

A
  • atherosclerosis
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16
Q

what disease is associated with aneurysm of circle of willis

A
  • berry aneurysm
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17
Q

what disease is associated with aneurysm of sites of bacterial infection

A
  • mycotic aneurysm
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18
Q

abdominal aortic aneurysms are always associated with

A
  • severe atherosclerosis
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19
Q

which sex predominates in abdominal aortic aneurysms

A
  • men
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20
Q

which is the most frequent aneurysm type

A
  • abdominal aortic aneurysm
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21
Q

dilatation in aneurysms occurs where

A
  • distal to renal arteries

- proximal to iliac bifurcation

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22
Q

symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm

A
  • abdominal mass
  • abdominal pain
  • acute ischemia of lower limb or kidneys
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23
Q

what is the dissection of blood in between and along the laminar planes of the media, forming a blood-filled channel within the aortic wall

A
  • aortic dissection
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24
Q

is aortic dissection associated with aneurysmal swelling?

A
  • no
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25
Q

do aortic dissections frequently rupture

A
  • yes
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26
Q

which groups are predisposed to dissection

A
  • men 40-60 with previous hypertension

- younger patients with connective tissue disorders like Marfan

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27
Q

common factor of aortic dissection

A
  • weakening of aortic media
28
Q

most frequent preexisting lesion in aortic dissection

A
  • cystic medial degeneration
29
Q

result of aging in aortic dissection

A
  • mild degenerative changes
  • focal elastin loss
  • medial fibrosis
30
Q

what may trigger the aortic dissection event

A
  • spontaneous intimal laceration

- vasa vasorum hemorrhage

31
Q

cadiac/vascular anomalies of marfan syndrome

A
  • weakness of aortic media
  • aortic regurgitation
  • CHF
  • mitral valve prolapse
32
Q

people with marfan syndrome have a high incidence of

A
  • dissection and rupture
33
Q

what is the most common cause of death in marfan syndrome

A
  • cardiovascular disorders
34
Q

marfan syndrome has what genetic pattern?

A
  • autosomal dominant
35
Q

marfan syndrome defect in what

A
  • fibrillin-1

- chromosome 15q21.1

36
Q

microfibrillar fibers are critical for

A
  • deposition of elastin during development
37
Q

what do affected tissues in Marfan syndrome show

A
  • fragmented elastic fibers
38
Q

what is the most frequent preexisting histologic lesion

A
  • cystic medial degeneration
39
Q

cystic medial degeneration is the separation of _____ by ______

A
  • elastic and fibromuscular elements

- by small “cystic” spaces filled with extracellular matrix

40
Q

aortic dissection tear is usually where

A
  • intimal tear in ascending aorta

- within 10 cm of aortic valve

41
Q

aortic dissection separates

A
  • aorta along media
42
Q

most frequent cause of death in aortic dissection

A
  • extravascular rupture
43
Q

classification of aortic dissections

A
  • type A

- type B

44
Q

proximal, proximal and distal dissections are which type?

A
  • type A
45
Q

distal dissections only are which type?

A
  • type B
46
Q

which type of dissections are the most common common and most dangerous

A
  • type A - proximal
47
Q

what is the formation of an aggregate of coagulated blood with platelets, fibrin, and entrapped blood cells within the vascular lumen

A
  • thrombosis
48
Q

major subtype of thrombosis

A
  • arterial

- venous

49
Q

arterial thrombosis most commonly

A
  • superimposed on atheroma
50
Q

venous thrombosis most commonly

A
  • due to stasis
51
Q

three major factors predisposing to thrombus

A
  • changes blood constituents
  • changes in intimal surface of blood vessel
  • changes in patterns of blood flow
52
Q

changes in blood constituents conditions

A
  • primary and acquired hypercoagulability
53
Q

changes in intimal surface of blood vessel

A
  • endothelial denudation or dysfunction
54
Q

changes in patterns of blood flow

A
  • stasis

- turbulence

55
Q

common sites of arterial thrombosis

A
  • large and medium muscular arteries

- intracardiac

56
Q

pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis

A
  • endothelial damage
  • altered blood flow (stasis)
  • hypercoagulability
57
Q

progress of arterial thrombosis

A
  • lysis
  • propagation
  • organization
  • recanalization
  • embolization
58
Q

what is the most common cause of death in western industrialized countries

A
  • arterial thrombosis

- especially MI and cerebral infarction

59
Q

mural thrombosis of the heart is associated with

A
  • MI
  • Afib
  • cardomyopathy
  • endocarditis
60
Q

major complication of thrombosis

A
  • embolization
61
Q

what is the passage through the arterial or venous circulation of any material capable of lodging in vessel and obstructing lumen

A
  • embolism
62
Q

sites of venous thrombosis

A
  • deep veins
63
Q

pathogenesis of venous thrombosis

A
  • stasis
  • vascular injury
  • hyper coagulability
  • advanced age
  • sickle cell disease
64
Q

progress of venous thrombosis

A
  • lysis
  • propagation
  • organization
  • recanalization
  • embolization
65
Q

DVT symptoms

A
  • most often asymptomatic
  • calf tenderness
  • forced dorsiflexion of the foot
66
Q

what is the most frequent sources of pulmonary embolism

A
  • DVT in lower extremities
67
Q

massive thromboembolism in PE associated with

A
  • acute right heart failure

Cardio Exam 2 (29 decks)

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