PVD2 Flashcards
vascular aneurysms caused by
- congenital or acquired weakness in the vessel media -r cardiac chamber
where do vascular aneurysms occur
- aorta or heart
classification of vascular aneurysms
- location
- configuration
- etiology
what type of aneurysm is bounded by complete but attenuated vessel wall components
- true aneurysm
types of true aneurysm
- atherosclerotic
- syphilitic
- congenital
what type of aneurysm is an extravascular hematoma that communicates with the intravascular space
- false aneurysm
types of false aneurysms
- pseudoaneurysm
- pulsating hematoma
what subtype of aneurysm is an ovoid swelling that is parallel to a long axis
- fusiform
what subtype of aneurysm is a bubble-like outpouching
- saccular
what subtype of aneurysm occurs when a hemorrhage into media separates the vessel wall layers
- dissecting
what subtype of aneurysm involves direct communication of the artery and vein
- arteriovenous
what disease is associated with aneurysm of ascending aorta
- syphilis
what disease is associated with aneurysm of ascending and thoracic aorta
- cystic medial degeneration
what disease is associated with aneurysm of abdominal aorta
- atherosclerosis
what disease is associated with aneurysm of muscular arteries
- atherosclerosis
what disease is associated with aneurysm of circle of willis
- berry aneurysm
what disease is associated with aneurysm of sites of bacterial infection
- mycotic aneurysm
abdominal aortic aneurysms are always associated with
- severe atherosclerosis
which sex predominates in abdominal aortic aneurysms
- men
which is the most frequent aneurysm type
- abdominal aortic aneurysm
dilatation in aneurysms occurs where
- distal to renal arteries
- proximal to iliac bifurcation
symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm
- abdominal mass
- abdominal pain
- acute ischemia of lower limb or kidneys
what is the dissection of blood in between and along the laminar planes of the media, forming a blood-filled channel within the aortic wall
- aortic dissection
is aortic dissection associated with aneurysmal swelling?
- no
do aortic dissections frequently rupture
- yes
which groups are predisposed to dissection
- men 40-60 with previous hypertension
- younger patients with connective tissue disorders like Marfan
common factor of aortic dissection
- weakening of aortic media
most frequent preexisting lesion in aortic dissection
- cystic medial degeneration
result of aging in aortic dissection
- mild degenerative changes
- focal elastin loss
- medial fibrosis
what may trigger the aortic dissection event
- spontaneous intimal laceration
- vasa vasorum hemorrhage
cadiac/vascular anomalies of marfan syndrome
- weakness of aortic media
- aortic regurgitation
- CHF
- mitral valve prolapse
people with marfan syndrome have a high incidence of
- dissection and rupture
what is the most common cause of death in marfan syndrome
- cardiovascular disorders
marfan syndrome has what genetic pattern?
- autosomal dominant
marfan syndrome defect in what
- fibrillin-1
- chromosome 15q21.1
microfibrillar fibers are critical for
- deposition of elastin during development
what do affected tissues in Marfan syndrome show
- fragmented elastic fibers
what is the most frequent preexisting histologic lesion
- cystic medial degeneration
cystic medial degeneration is the separation of _____ by ______
- elastic and fibromuscular elements
- by small “cystic” spaces filled with extracellular matrix
aortic dissection tear is usually where
- intimal tear in ascending aorta
- within 10 cm of aortic valve
aortic dissection separates
- aorta along media
most frequent cause of death in aortic dissection
- extravascular rupture
classification of aortic dissections
- type A
- type B
proximal, proximal and distal dissections are which type?
- type A
distal dissections only are which type?
- type B
which type of dissections are the most common common and most dangerous
- type A - proximal
what is the formation of an aggregate of coagulated blood with platelets, fibrin, and entrapped blood cells within the vascular lumen
- thrombosis
major subtype of thrombosis
- arterial
- venous
arterial thrombosis most commonly
- superimposed on atheroma
venous thrombosis most commonly
- due to stasis
three major factors predisposing to thrombus
- changes blood constituents
- changes in intimal surface of blood vessel
- changes in patterns of blood flow
changes in blood constituents conditions
- primary and acquired hypercoagulability
changes in intimal surface of blood vessel
- endothelial denudation or dysfunction
changes in patterns of blood flow
- stasis
- turbulence
common sites of arterial thrombosis
- large and medium muscular arteries
- intracardiac
pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis
- endothelial damage
- altered blood flow (stasis)
- hypercoagulability
progress of arterial thrombosis
- lysis
- propagation
- organization
- recanalization
- embolization
what is the most common cause of death in western industrialized countries
- arterial thrombosis
- especially MI and cerebral infarction
mural thrombosis of the heart is associated with
- MI
- Afib
- cardomyopathy
- endocarditis
major complication of thrombosis
- embolization
what is the passage through the arterial or venous circulation of any material capable of lodging in vessel and obstructing lumen
- embolism
sites of venous thrombosis
- deep veins
pathogenesis of venous thrombosis
- stasis
- vascular injury
- hyper coagulability
- advanced age
- sickle cell disease
progress of venous thrombosis
- lysis
- propagation
- organization
- recanalization
- embolization
DVT symptoms
- most often asymptomatic
- calf tenderness
- forced dorsiflexion of the foot
what is the most frequent sources of pulmonary embolism
- DVT in lower extremities
massive thromboembolism in PE associated with
- acute right heart failure
