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Cardio Exam 2 > Cardiovascular Embryology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

the heart and blood vessels are derived from

A
  • mesoderm
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2
Q

heart forms and begins beating in which week of development?

A
  • week 4
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3
Q

longitudinal folding does what?

A
  • moves the heart into the newly formed thorax
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4
Q

transverse folding does what?

A
  • creates 3D trunk

- brings right and left sides together in ventral midline

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5
Q

development of all blood-carrying vessels

A
  • mitosis of angioblasts to form clusters
  • lumens develop
  • vessel walls create blood cells
  • fusion of neighbor vessels to form network of interconnected vessels.
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6
Q

development of blood-carrying vessels occurs during which week?

A
  • week 3
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7
Q

early circulation

A
  • embryo already large enough to need heart and vessels to carry blood everywhere
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8
Q

where does the heart pump blood in week 4?

A
  • body

- placenta

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9
Q

what do arteries and veins supply in week 4?

A
  • body

- placenta

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10
Q

how long does it take for the heart to develop?

A
  • 5.5 weeks
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11
Q

hearts starts out as

A
  • right and left blood vessel (angioblastic cords)
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12
Q

transverse folding heart development

A
  • brings 2 cords together in anterior midline
  • fuse and creates one heart tube
  • develops all 3 layers
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13
Q

the heart tube begins to beat on which day?

A
  • Day 22-23
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14
Q

composition of heart tube

A
  • single, straight tube

- subdivided into regions

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15
Q

blood flow through tube

A
  • sinus venosus
  • atrium
  • ventricle
  • bulbus cordis
  • truncus arteriosus
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16
Q

sinus venosus becomes part of

A
  • right and left atria
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17
Q

bulbous corgis becomes part of

A
  • right and left ventricles
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18
Q

truncus arteriosus becomes part of

A
  • aorta

- pulmonary trunk

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19
Q

heart tube folding

A
  • atrium and ventricle change their locations and acquire their permanent positions
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20
Q

final positions after heart tube folding

A
  • ventricles located anteriorly

- atria located posteriorly

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21
Q

important central structure in subdivision of atrium and ventricles

A
  • endocardial cushion
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22
Q

what is one thing you always need to subdivide the atrium

A
  • always need a hole in the wall between the atria
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23
Q

atrial subdivision step 1

A
  • septum primum grows from roof to endocardial cushion
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24
Q

atrial subdivision step 2

A
  • first hole is foramen primum that forms

- later disappears

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25
Q

atrial subdivision step 3

A
  • holes form in septum
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26
Q

atrial subdivision step 4

A
  • coalesce to form foramen secundum
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27
Q

atrial subdivision step 5

A
  • septum secundum grows to right side of septum primum, from roof to endocardial cushion
28
Q

atrial subdivision step 6

A
  • foramen ovale is the hole in the septum secundum
29
Q

septum secundum covers the

A
  • foramen secundum
30
Q

the openings in atrial subdivision

A
  • foramen ovale

- foramen secundum

31
Q

blood flow in fetal heart

A
  • right atrium
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen secundum
  • left atrium
32
Q

why is pressure different in fetal heart

A
  • due to pressure differences in atria

- prenatal shunt

33
Q

septum primum in early fetal heart

A
  • pushed to left and acts as an open valve of foramen ovale
34
Q

subdivision of ventricle requires

A
  • no hole is required in the septum
35
Q

subdivision of the ventricle process

A
  • interventricular septum grows from floor to endocardial cushion
  • closes interventricular foramen
36
Q

development of the atrioventricular valves

A
  • arise from the endocardial cushion
37
Q

role of truncus arteriosus

A
  • subdivides into aorta and pulmonary trunk/artery
38
Q

development of truncus arteriosus

A
  • forming longitudinal aorticopulmonary septum

- PLUS twisting to achieve final positions

39
Q

what does the fetus use for breathing

A
  • not its lungs. uses amniotic sac

- so they don’t need much blood to the lungs

40
Q

2 arteries in prenatal circulation

purpose

A
  • umbilical arteries

- blood from iliac artery to placenta

41
Q

vein in prenatal circulation

purpose

A
  • umbilical vein

- placenta -> inferior vena cava

42
Q

3 shunts in prenatal circulation

A
  • ductus venosus
  • oval foramen
  • ductus arteriosus
43
Q

purpose of ductus venosus

A
  • help umbilical vein bypass liver
44
Q

location of oval foramen

A
  • between heart atria
45
Q

purpose of oval foramen

A
  • bypass pulmonary circulation
46
Q

blood flow with oval foramen

A
  • blood flows right atrium -> left atrium
47
Q

location of ductus arteriosus

A
  • between pulmonary artery and aorta
48
Q

purpose of ductus arteriosus

A
  • bypass pulmonary circulation
49
Q

blood flow with ductus arteriosus

A
  • pulmonary artery -> aorta
50
Q

PO2 of umbilical vein

A
  • 30 mmHg
51
Q

O2 sat of umbilical vein

A
  • 80% O2 sat
52
Q

most inferior vena cava blood through oval foramen

A
  • oval foramen -> LA -> LV -> aorta -> upper body
53
Q

most superior vena cava blood through oval foramen

A
  • RA -> RV -> pulmonary artery
54
Q

most pulmonary artery blood through ductus arteriosus

A
  • goes to the lower body
55
Q

remnant name of umbilical vein

A
  • ligamentum teres
56
Q

remnant name of umbilical arteries

A
  • medial umbilical ligaments
57
Q

remnant name of ductus venosus

A
  • ligamentum venosum
58
Q

when does the ductus venous close

A
  • closes at birth

- permanent by 1 week

59
Q

remnant name of oval foramen

A
  • oval fossa
60
Q

when does the oval foramen close

A
  • closes at birth by septum primum valve

- permanent by 5 years

61
Q

remnant name of ductus arteriosus

A
  • ligamentum arteriosum
62
Q

when does the ductus arteriosus close

A
  • constricts by 10 hours
  • closes by 24 hours
  • permanent by 1-2 months
63
Q

what drug closes a ductus

A
  • indomethacin
64
Q

how do you keep a ductus open?

A
  • prostaglandins E1 and E2
65
Q

transition from prenatal to postnatal life

A
  • baby takes a breath
  • pulmonary artery resistance decreases
  • blood flows into lungs through pulmonary artery
  • pulmonary venous blood flows into left atrium
  • left atrial pressure becomes greater than right atrial pressure
66
Q

what happens when left atrial pressure becomes greater than right atrial pressure

A
  • septum primum valve pushed against septum secundum valve and covers oval foramen

Cardio Exam 2 (29 decks)

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