Vascular Difficulties (Exam 2) Flashcards
The femoral artery is most likely to be affected by
Arteriosclerosis
The use of these would be the primary injection and drainage site for Arteriosclerosis
Common carotid and Right internal Jugular
The inner wall of the artery is hardened and thickened, but the lumen is well defined and large; vessels can usually be used for arterial injection
Type 1 Arteriosclerosis
This condition is frequently seen in the autopsied body when the common iliac arteries are exposed
Type 1 Arteriosclerosis
The lumen is quite reduced in size and pushed to one side of the artery
Type 2 Arteriosclerosis
The lumen can usually be identified and a small arterial tube can be used for injection
Type 2 Arteriosclerosis
The artery is completely occluded
Type 3 Arteriosclerosis
If ischemia or gangrene is not present in the area supplied, the collateral circulation may have increased to supply blood to the limb, or there may be minute paths in the occluded artery through which the blood can pass
Type 3 Arteriosclerosis
The formation of paths or canals in vessels
Canalization
These arteries CANNOT be used for injection
Type 3 Arteriosclerosis
List 4 intravascular arterial conditions that can limit the distribution of arterial solution to various body areas
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Thrombosis (Arterial Coagula)
Atheroma
Pre-injection should not be used when?
When it will be difficult to establish arterial solution distribution
This could result when the preservative solution is injected as the system would be filled with pre-injection solution
Swelling
These should only be used if circulation is thought to be good
Pre-injection
In cases where you can use pre-injection, what can it do for you? (pre-injection)
Maintains the good distribution and drainage
Many persons who had vascular diseases were given these
Blood Thinners and Anticoagulants
Bodies that had been on blood thinners and anticoagulants exhibit what?
Good arterial solution distribution and few or no clots in the drainage
The cavity of the vessel is called the
Lumen
Arteries have how many layers?
3
What are the names of the 3 layers of the arteries?
Tunica intima (Interna) Tunica Media Tunica Adventitia (Externa)
The inner lining of endothelial cells, which continue to form the walls of the capillaries and then the inner walls of the veins and arteries
Tunica Interna
The middle layer, composed of smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue
Tunica Media
The outer layer, composed mostly of connective tissue
Tunica Externa
The blood within the vascular lumen is unable to supply blood to this most outer layer
Tunica Externa
The vessels that supply nutrients to the externa are called
Vasa Vasorum
Arterioles are made up of?
Tunica Intima and Tunica Media
Arteries are made up of
All 3 layers (Intima, Media, and Adventitia)
The further away from the heart, the ________ the lumen
SMALLER
Unequal distribution of arterial solution frequently occurs afte death from
Cerebral Vascular Accident (Stroke)
If vessels on one side of the body have undergone vasoconstriction, the vessels on the opposite side undergo this in order to supply more oxygen to the tissue
Vasodilation
What are some complications associated with the end stage of congestive heart failure?
Blood is congested in the right side of the heart Neck veins engorged; facial tissues dark Lips, ears, and fingers cyanotic Pitting Edema often Ascites Anasarca Blood may be more viscous Salt is retained
Recommended treatment for Congestive Heart Failure case?
Restricted Cervical or
Continuous
Immediate cavity treatment
Methods to reduce swollen and distended neck
Air/water collar filled with sand
Turkish Towel
Cold Water Pack
Edema will require a stronger solution, but these should be avoided
Lanolin based or humectants
Why should lanolin based or humectants be avoided in edematous cases?
They add more fluid, and you want to draw the fluid out with an edematous case
In congestive heart failure cases, this is common
Lung purge
Lung purge should be encouraged in congestive heart failure cases, but what should be put on the face to prevent surface discolorations?
Massage Cream
These are also common in congestive heart failure cases, and should be aspirated prior to injection only if necessary
Ascites
If there is a build up of decomposition gases, when should you aspirate?
Prior to injection
RUUUP
Reduced pressure and rate of flow
Utilize care in raising vessels
Use gauze to tie off vessels
Use of various distribution and drainage aids, massage
Proper selection of size and type of injection and drainage tubes