Embalming Glossary Flashcards
Nine region plan, by means of four imaginary planes, two of which are horizontal and two saggital
Abdominal Anatomical Regions
Upper row right of the nine region plan
Right Hypochondriac
Upper row middle of the nine region plan
Epigastric
Upper Row left of the nine region plan
Left Hypochondriac
Middle row right of the nine region plan
Right Lateral
Middle row middle of the nine region plan
Umbilical
Middle row left of the nine region plan
Left Lateral
Lower row right of the nine region plan
Right Inguinal
Lower row middle of the nine region plan
Pubic
Lower row left of the nine region plan
Left Inguinal
The four region plan has four regions called what
Quadrants
Two imaginary planes, one horizontal and the other mid-sagittal
Four Region Plan
Antemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis
Abrasion
A localized accumulation of pus
Abscess
The process of taking in, as in a colored object which absorbs certain rays of light and reflects other rays giving the object its recognizable color
Absorption
To touch or contact as with the tarsal plates of the closed eyelids
Abut
Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular (arterial) and Cavity embalming fluids
Accessory Chemical
Includes but is not limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, mold preventative agents, and pack application agents
Accessory Chemicals
Dimethylketone
Acetone
A colorless liquid which is used to soften and remove scabs
Acetone
A solvent for restorative wax, or a stain remover
Acetone
Presents itself after birth
Aquired
A specific group of diseases or conditions which are indicative of severe immunosuppression related to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/AIDS
Persons dead having had this disease may exhibit conditions such as wasting syndrome, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and Kaposi’s sarcoma
AIDS
These levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposures below the 8 hour permissible exposure limit
Action Level/Al-Exposure Limit
The AL for formaldehyde is
.5 ppm
Occurs when the arterial supply to an area of the body is increased
Active Capillary Congestion
Dyes which aid in restoring a life-like surface pigmentation to a body and also stain the body tissue cells
Active Dyes
The pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body
Actual Pressure
A disease with a more or less rapid onset and short duration
Acute
Soft whitish crumbly or greasy material that forms upon the postmortem hydrolysis and hydrogenation of body fats AKA Grave Wax
Adipocere
Disease resulting from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones, with bronze discoloration of the skin and electrolyte imalances
Addison’s Disease
Assimilation of gas, vapor, or dissolved matter by the surface of a solid or liquid
Adsorption
In the presence of free oxygen
Aerobic
Colloidal solution dispensed as a mist
Aerosol
To disperse as an aerosol
Aerosolization
Minute particles of blood and water become atomized and suspended in air when water under pressure meets the blood drainage or when flushing an uncovered flush sink
Aerosolization
Intravascular
The increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels which is a specific type of congealing
Agglutination
Decrease in body temperature immediately before death
Agonal Algor
A process which is the result of capillary permeability changes, where the bacteria from the intestinal area of the body migrate to the blood vascular system and is spread throughout the body
Agonal Bacterial Migration
In reference to blood, a change from a fluid into a thickened mass
Agonal Coagulation
The loss of moisture from the living body during the agonal state
Agonal Dehydration
Escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death
Agonal Edema
An outpouring of lymph into the peritoneal cavity
Agonal Exudation
Increase in body temperature immediately before death
Agonal Fever
An invagination of an upper segment of intestine within a lower segment
Agonal intussusception
Period immediately before somatic death
Agonal Period
The period immediately preceding or prior to death
Agonal state
A method of creating injection pressure with air forced under pressure into a fluid chamber that displaces the arterial solution by pushing it into the arterial system of the body
Air Pressure Apparatus
A protein found in blood plasma
Albumin
An abnormally excessive amount of albumin in the urine
Albuminuria
An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups
Alcohol
An organic compound containing one or more -CHO groups
Aldehyde
Postmortem cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature
Algor Mortis
A material which can trigger an allergic reaction
Allergen
Method of injection-drainage in which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while drainage is open which is a type of restricted drainage
Alternate Drainage
An organization of professional personnel in governmental agencies or educational institutions who are employed in occupational safety and health programs
American Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
An organic compound containing nitrogen
Amine
Any compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals
Amine
Building blocks of which proteins are constructed, and the end products of protein digestion or hydrolysis
Amino Acid
Ammonia is injected hypodermically into the skin, if a reddish reaction occurs, the body is still alive (Non-expert test for death)
Ammonia Injection Test
In the absence of free oxygen
Anaerobic
Severe generalized edema
Anasarca
A descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known
Anatomical Guide
Points of origin and points of termination in relation to adjacent structures
Anatomical Limits
Used to designate the boundaries of arteries
Anatomical Limits
The body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs are pointed away from the body
Anatomical Position
A decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, or both
Anemia
Localized abnormal dilation of outpocketing of a blood vessel resulting from a congenital defect or a weakness of the vessel wall
Aneurysm
An embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels
Aneurysm Hook
An embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels, which has an eye in the hook portion of the instrument for placing ligatures around the vessels
Aneurysm Needle
An instrument which is used for cutting bandages and/or clothing off of the deceased
Angular Bandage Scissors
A multipurpose instrument used in the embalming process
Angular Spring Forceps
An embalming instrument which has multiple uses, especially in helping remove blood from the veins
Angular Vein Forceps
Deviation from the normal
Anomalies
In from of the elbow, in the bend of the elbow
Antecubital
Before death
Antemortem
Toward the front
Anterior
The external openings of the nostril
Anterior Nares
A bony protuberance, that can be palpated topograhically, found on the ilium, the superior broad portion of the hipbone
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
The origin of the inguinal ligament and the sartorius muscle
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Glycoprotein substance developed by the body in response to and interacting specifically with and antigen
Antibody
Also known as immunoglobulin
Antibody
Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals
Anticoagulant Fluid
A foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that react specifically with it
Antigen
A non-toxic disinfectant suitable for the use on animal tissue
Antiseptic
The prevention or inhibiting of the growth of causative microorganisms
Antisepsis
Opening
Aperture
Death brought about by a cessation of respiration or improper functioning of the respiratory apparatus
Apnea
Condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained
Apparent Death
A solution in which water is the solvent
Aqueous Solution
Uneven heartbeat
Arrythmia
The concentrated preservative embalming chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming
Arterial (Vascular) Fluid
The purpose of this is inactivating saprophytic bacteria and rendering the body tissues less susceptible to decomposition
Arterial (Vascular) Fluid
The mixture or arterial fluid and water which is used for the arterial injection and may include supplemental fluids
Arterial Solution
A tube used to inject embalming fluid into the body’s vascular system
Arterial Tube
An arterial tube is also called
Cannula
The term applied to a number of pathological conditions causing a thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries
Arteriosclerosis
An embalming instrument whose purpose is to hold arterial tubes in the arteries
Artery Fixation Forceps
An embalming instrument used for cutting arteries and veins to enable insertion of the arterial tubes into the arteries and drain tubes into the veins
Artery and Vein Scissors
Place of union between two or more bones
Articulation
The movement of blood from the heart and arteries into the capillaries and veins, which occurs at the moment of death
Articulo-Mortis
Accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
Freedom from infection and from any form of life; sterility
Asepsis
Insufficient intake of oxygen resulting from numerous causes aka apnea
Asphyxia
Withdrawal of gas, fluids, and semi-solids from body cavities and hollow viscera by means of suction with an aspirator and a trocar
Aspiration
Indicates a weakness or fetheniaebleness of any organ or function
Asthenia
Fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries occurring in athersclerosis
Atheroma
A form of arteriosclerosis marked by deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls
Atheroscleosis
A wasting, decrease in size of an organ or tissue
Atrophy
Apparatus used for sterilization by steam pressure, usually at 250 F/ 120 C for a specific time
Autoclave
Self-destruction of cells
Autolysis
Decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance
Autolysis
The body’s own digestive enzymes that are capable of destroying body cells
Autolytic enzymes
A postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition
Autopsy
The presence of bacteria in the blood
Bacteremia
Destructive to bacteria
Bactericidal Agent
Destruction of bacteria by action of certain chemical substances
Bacteriolysis
Agent that has the ability to inhibit or retard bacterial growth; No destruction of viability of the microorganism is implied
Bacteriostatic Agent
Resins combined with oil
Balsamic Substance
A fragrant, resinous, oily exudate from various trees and plants
Balsamic Substance
The arm pit
Base of the axillary space
Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle
Anterior Boundary
Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle
Posterior Boundary
Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the chest wall
Medial Boundary
Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscle blends into the arm
Laterla Boundary
A network of stitches which cross the borders of a cavity or excision to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position
Basket Weave (Cross) Stitch
Two sides
Bilateral
Dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object
Bilateral Differences
Biological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans
Biohazard
Bloodborne pathogens, blood or body fluids exposure, any potentially infective, contaminated waste associated with the preparation of human remains that constitutes a hazard to humans in the workplace
Biohazardous (Infectious) Waste
Irreversible somatic death where life cannot be restored
Biological Death
A carcinogen potentially produced when formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite come into contact with each other, normally occurs only in a controlled laboratory setting and requires a catalyst
Bischloromethyl Ether (BCME)
An embalming instrument which is a one piece scalpel used for making incisions and excisions
Bistoury
A chemical which lightens or blanches skin discolorations
Bleach
A chemical which lightens a skin discolorations
Bleaching Agent
A thin vesicle on the skin containing liquid matter
Blister
Tissue that circulates through the vascular system and is composed of approximately 22% solids and 78% water
Blood
Discolorations resulting from changes in blood composition, content, or location, either intravascularly or extravascularly
Blood Discoloration
The pressure exerted by the blood in the living body on the arterial wall measured in millimeters of mercury
Blood Pressure
Circulatory network composed of the heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
Blood Vascular System
Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans
Bloodborne Pathogens
These pathogens include Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Bloodborne Pathogens
OSHA regulation regulating the employee’s exposure to blood and other body fluids
Bloodborne Pathogen Rule
Having relatively large patches of color somewhat different from the remainder of the coloring
Blotched
The separation and pushing aside of the superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and then the deep fascia surrounding blood vessels, utilizing manual techniques or round ended instruments which separate rather than cut the protective tissues
Blunt Dissection
Preparation room equipment which is designed to eliminate the physical strain of moving caskets and bodies by hand
Body and Casket Lifter
Acute, deep seated inflammation in the skin which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle
Boil (Furuncle)
An embalming instrument used to maintain the elevation of the vessels above the surface of the skin
Bone Separator
Individual stitch knotted at the tissue edge which may be applied prior to embalming to align tissues
Bridge Suture (Temporary Interrupted Suture)
An injury caused by a blow without laceration, a contusion
Bruise (Ecchymosis)
Vestibule of the oral cavity, the space between the lips, gums, and teeth
Buccal Cavity
A chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid-base (pH) balance within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissues
Buffers
Self-contained, soft rubber and manual pump designed to create pressure to deliver fluid as it passes through one-way valves located within the bulb, used only to deliver fluids
Bulb Syringe
One of the discoverers of formaldehyde (Russian)
Alexander Butlerov
General deterioration of the body
Cachexia
A state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting
Cachexia
May occur in chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis
Cachexia
Wasting Syndrome
Cachexia
Dead human body used for medical purpose, including transplantation, anatomical dissection, and study
Cadaver
A cancer causing chemical or material
Carcinogen
A disease with a more or less slow onset and long duration
Chronic
A prolongation of the last violent contraction of the muscles into the rigidity of death
Cadaveric Spasm
Instantaneous Rigor Mortis
Cadaveric Spasm
The dome like superior portion of the cranium which is removed during cranial autopsy
Calvarium
A device used as a means of fastening the calvarium after a cranial auopsy
Calvarium clamp
Special needles which are used to anchor the calvaria securely in the head of autopsied cases and is applied with a needle injector
Calvarium Needles
Formation of new channels in a tissue
Canalization
Any malignant neoplasm marked by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
Cancer
Minute blood vessels, the walls of which comprise a single layer of endothelial cells
Capillaries
Connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins
Capillaries
Where pressure filtration occurs
Capillaries
Ability of substances to diffuse through capillary walls into the tissue spaces
Capillary Permeability
Plastic protective garment designed to cover the legs, buttocks, and abdomen
Capri Garment
A combination of pants and stockings
Capri Garment
A compount of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen
Carbohydrate
Sugars, starches, and glycogen
Carbohydrate
Phenol
Carbolic Acid
Circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that ends in suppuration and is accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as fever and leukocytosis
Carbuncle
Several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue
Carbuncle
A cancer-causing chemical or material
Carcinogen
A specialized type of dense connective tissue
Cartilage
Attached to the ends of bones and forming parts of structures, such as the nasal septum and the framework of the ear
Cartilage
The total sum of those considerations given the case at hand, beginning before the embalming procedure is begun and continuing throughout the operation
Case Analysis
A condition in which the vital signs of life are feebly maintained and there is a waxy rigidity of the body
Catelepsy
A chemical capable of drying tissues by searing, caustic
Cauterizing Agent
The formation of cavities in an organ or tissue, frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis
Cavitation
A hollow place or area
Cavity
Direct treatment, other than arterial injection, of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera, usually accomplished by aspiration and injection
Cavity Embalming/Treatment
Embalming chemicals which are injected into the cavities of the body following the aspiration in cavity embalming
Cavity fluid
Can also be used as the chemical in hypodermic and surface embalming
Cavity Fluid
An embalming instrument which is connected to a bottle of cavity fluid to aid in injecting the cavity fluid into the various cavities of the body
Cavity Injector
Death of the individual cells of the body
Cellular Death
Center of fluid distribution
Ascending and/or arch of the aorta
Center of Venous Drainage
Right Atrium of the heart
Embalming machine that uses an electrical pump to create pressure either pulsating or non-pulsating
Centrifugal Force Machine
Modern Embalming Machine
Centrifugal Force Machine
A major agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, concerned with all phases of control of communicable, vector borne, and occupational diseases
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Restorative treatment usually accompanied by aspiration, gravitation, or external pressure to remove gases or excess liquids from tissues
Channeling
Passages are made through the tissues with a scalpel, hypodermic needle, or trocar
Channeling
Substances that bind metallic ion such as EDTA used as an anticoagulant in embalming solutions
Chelate
Dehydration caused by using too harsh of an arterial solution to embalm a dead human body
Chemical Evaporation
A change in the body’s chemical composition that occurs after death such as hemolysis
Chemical Postmortem Change
The application of chemical reagents in the treatment of disease in humans, causing an elevated preservation demand
Chemotherapy
A blood clot which contains all of the blood elements with red and white blood cells separated into distinct layers
Chicken Fat Clot
One of several methods used for mouth closure
Chin Rest
The means by which a pathogen is passed from host to host
Circle of Transmission
A type of air pressure apparatus where air or CO2 is pumped from tanks into a fluid chamber to create pressure
Compressed Air or Gas CO2 Apparatus
A solution containing a relatively large amount of solute
Concentrated Solution
Disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process
Concurrent Disinfection
Method of drainage in which drainage occurs continuously during arterial injection
Concurrent drainage
The immediate and temporary disturbance of brain function
Concussion
Rounded articular process on a bone
Condyle
Mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white portion of the eye
Conjunctiva
To contract or compress
Constrict
Disease that may be transmitted between individuals, with reference to the organism that causes a disease
Contagious Disease
The presence of the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface
Contaminated
Laundry which has been soiled with blood or other potentially infectious materials or may contain sharps
Contaminated Laundry
Any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin including needles, scalpels, broken glass, and exposed ends of wires
Contaminated Sharps
Transparent part of the tunic of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light into the interior
Cornea
That portion of the cornea recovered for transplantation
Corneal Sclera Button
The cornea and sclera considered together comprising the tunica fibrosa or fibrous coat of the eye
Corneal Sclera Button
Legal term referring to a dead body
Corpse
An official of a local community who holds inquests concerning sudden, violent, and unexplained death
Coroner
Having an abnormal amount of fat on the body
Corpulence (Obesity)
Causing visible destruction of living tissue at point of contact
Corrosive
Embalming fluid that contains dyes and coloring agents intended to restore a more natural skin tone through the embalming process
Cosmetic Fluid
Dye that helps to cover internal discolorations such as jaundice
Counter Staining Compound
Plastic garment designed to cover the body from the chest down to the upper thigh
Coverall
Embalming aid used on cases with cranial autopsies to absorb seepage and prevent the soiling of the casket pillow
Cranial Pillow
That part of the human skull which encloses the brain
Cranium
Method used to embalm the contents of the cranial cavity through the contents of the cranial cavity through aspiration and injection of the cranial chamber by passage of a trocar through the cribriform plate
Cranial Embalming
Those elements remaining after cremation of a dead human body
Cremate Remains
Crackling sensation produced when gases trapped in tissues are palpated as in Subcutaneous Emphysema
Crepitation
A disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology assumed to be a slow virus
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease
Thin, medial portion of the ethmoid bone of the skull
Cribriform Plate
In embalming, the chemical joining of proteins brought about by the chemical reaction of aldehydes with different forms of nitrogen, resulting in the firmness of embalmed tissue
Cross-Linkage of Proteins
A blood clot which contains all of the blood elements coagulated in an evenly mixed mass
Current/Jelly Clot
A condition of skin puckering caused by the contraction of the erector pili
Cutis Aserina
Bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen
Cyanosis
A sac within or on the body surface containing air or fluid
Cyst
Italian sculpter and painter produced anatomical plates
Leonardo DaVinci
Injected the arterial system for preservation of anatomical specimens
Leonardo DaVinci
Irreversible cessation of all vital functions
Death
A list of dead to be prayed for
Death Bill
A luminous appearance like a candle flames superstitiously thought to prestage death
Death Candle
A kind of ignis fatuus (glow) supposed to forebode death
Death Fire
Stroke of tolling of a death bell
Death Kneel
A relation or ratio of the number of deaths, for a given period, to the total population
Death Rate
Noise made by a moribound person caused by air passing through a residue of mucous in the trachea and posterior oral cavity
Death Rattle
The semi-convulsive twitches which often occur before death
Death Struggle
Spasm of Death
Death Throe
Signal of approaching death
Death Token
A condition in which the muscles become rigidly fixed, the body becomes pale and cold, pulse respiration are feeble
Death Trance
A small weight, such as a penny, laid on the eyelids to keep them closed
Death Weight
One liable to death, a mortal
Deathling
Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria
Decay
Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes
Decomposition
Inactivation or removal of microbial toxins, as well as of living microbial pathogens themselves
Decontamination
Below the surface
Deep
Loss of moisture from body tissue which may occur antemortem or postmortem
Dehydration
A protein whose structure has been changed by physical or chemical agents
Denatured Protein
An expression of the definition of mammals
Dental formula
The number of teeth are given in form of a fraction, with the number of upper teeth over the number of lower teeth
Dental formula
Oblique insertion of the teeth
Dental Prognathism
One of several methods used for mouth closure
Dental Tie
Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one
Deodorants
Masking Agents
Perfuming Agents
The deep layer of skin under the epidermis
Derma
AKA dermis, skin, corium, or true skin
Derma
General inflammation of the skin
Dermatitis
A disease or disorder of the skin
Dermatosis
Rendered thoroughly dry, exhausted of moisutre
Dessication
Areas of embalmed tissue where excessive dehydration has occurred
Dessication Marks
Sloughing off of the epidermis wherein there is a separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis formally referred to as skin slip
Desquamation
A variation from the common or established
Deviations
A vascular incision made on vessels by cutting in an oblique or slanting direction
Diagonal Incision
The condition of the heart being enlarged, occurring normally, artificially, or as a result of disease
Dilatation (Dilation)
Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
Dialysis
Selective Diffusion
Dialysis
Relaxation phase of the heart beat
Diastole
The difference between potential and actual pressure
Differential Pressure
The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an intravascular to an extravascular location
Diffusion Solution
Movements of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids
Diffusion Solution
Anatomical term describing fingers and toes
Digits
Substance thinned or reduced in concentration
Dilution
A cosmetic lessened in brilliance
Dilution
An acute infectious disease characterized by the formation of a false membrane on any mucous surface
Diphtheria
Disjoining of bones
Disarticulate
Unchecked putrefaction eventually results in a complete breakdown and disappearance of all body structures, except the bones
Disintegration
Any abnormal color in or upon the human body
Discoloration
Any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a body part, organ, or system
Disease
Act of cutting apart
Dissection
Distend
Dissection
To expand or swell
Dissection
An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores
Disinfectant
The destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body
Disinfection
State of stretching out or becoming inflated
Distension
AKA Swelling
Distension
The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries
Distribution Solution
A state of being twisted or pushed out of natural shape or position
Distortion
Posterior
Dorsal
Toward the back
Dorsal
Opposite of Anterior
Dorsal
A wooden or metal rod used as an armature
Dowel
Tubular instrument of varying diameter and shape, preferably with a plunger, that is inserted into a vein to aid in drainage of blood and to restrict the exit of vascular embalming solution
Drain Tube
Discharge or withdrawal of blood, interstitial fluid, and embalming fluids from the body during vascular embalming, usually through a vein
Drainage
An embalming instrument which allows the removal of blood from the body without using the conventional drain tube
Drainage Forceps
OSHA required safety device for a release of a copious amount of water in a short time
Drench Shower
Preparation room equipment which is specifically designed for the dressing of the deceased
Dressing Table
Antemortem discolorations resulting from the administration of drugs or chemotherapeutic agents
Drug Discoloration
Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed
Dry Gangrene
Substances which will, upon being dissolved, impart a definite color to the embalming solution
Dye
Classified to their capacity to permanently impart color to the tissue of the body into which they are injected
Dye
Difficult or painful breathing
Dyspnea
Extravasation of blood into a tissue
Ecchymosis
A disease of the skin characterized by itching, redness, and scaling
Eczema
Record of the electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or body cavities
Edema (Dropsy)
A record of the electrical activity of the brain
Electreoencephalogram (EEG)
A device that uses a motor to create a suction for the purpose of aspiration
Electric Aspirator
An electrically heated blade which may be used to dry moist tissue, reduce swollen tissue, and restore contour to natural form
Electric Spatula (Tissue Reducer)
Excessive Leanness
Emaciation
A wasted condition resulting in sunken surfaces of the face
Emaciation
A severe skin irritation due to prolonged exposure to formaldehyde or other embalming chemicals
Emablmer’s Eczema
Process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance
Embalming
The four types of embalming are
Cavity Embalming
Hypodermic Embalming
Surface Embalming
Vascular Embalming
Direct treatment of other than vascular embalming of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera
Cavity Embalming
Usually accomplished by aspiration and then injection of chemicals using a trocar
Cavity Embalming
Injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or a trocar
Hypodermic Embalming
Direct contact of internal or external body tissues with embalming chemicals
Surface Embalming
The use of the vascular systems of the body for preservation, disinfection, and restoration
Vascular Embalming
Usually accomplished through injection of embalming solutions into the arteries and drainage from the veins
Vascular Embalming
Report filled out for each body prepared and for each body received from another funeral home
Embalming report
That consideration given to the dead prior to, during, and after the embalming procedure is complete
Embalming (Case) Analysis
Embalming where an absorbent material is saturated with an embalming chemical and placed in direct contact with the tissue
Embalming Pack
Embalming chemical in powder form, typically used for surface treatment of the remains
Embalming Powder
Preparation room equipment on which human remains are placed for the embalming procedure
Embalming Table
Free floating object in the blood stream
Embolism
The true metabolic enzymes of bacterium, produced within the bacterial cell wall
Endoenzymes
Procedures that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplace such as sharps disposal container, self sheathing needles
Engineering controls
The removal of an entire mass or part, especially a tumor of the eyeball without rupture
Enucleation
The surroundings, conditions, or influences that affect an organism or the cell within an organism
Environment
A governmental agency with environmental protection regulatory and enforcement authority
Environmental Protection Agency
An organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition
Enzyme
The outermost layer of skin
Epidermis
The cuticle or scarf skin
Epidermis
Bleeding from the nose
Epistaxis
Clear, volatile liquid used as a wax solvent or to remove grease, oil, and adhesive tape stains
Ether
The discipline dealing with moral duty and obligation
Ethics
Found in products as either the tetrasodium or disodium salt
Ethylenediamine Tetracetic Acid (EDTA)
React chemically to bind calcium which inhibits the blood clotting mechanism
Ethylenediamine Tetracetic Acid (EDTA)
A skin irritant, causing dryness and cracking
Ethylenediamine Tetracetic Acid (EDTA)
Disease characterized by a rash, for example, measles
Exanthematous Disease
To remove as by cutting out
Excise
To remove as by cutting out, the area from which something has been cut out
Excision
Enzymes which function outside of the bacterial cell wall
Exoenzymes
Any procedure used to prove a sign of death, usually performed by medical personnel
Expert Tests of Death
A specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee’s duties
Exposure Incident
Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may results from the performance of an employee’s duties
Exposure Occupational
Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained
Exsanguination
Weight applied to a surface
External Pressure
Drawn or pulled out
Extraction
Outside the blood vascular system
Extravascular
Discoloration of the body outside the blood vascular system, for example, ecchymosis, petechia, hematoma, and postmortem stain
Extravascular Blood Discoloration
From outside the body
Extrinsic
Fluid or cellular debris exuding from blood vessels and deposited in tissues or tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation
Exudate
Removal of the eye for tissue transplantation, research and education
Eye Enucleation
Extravasation of blood as a result of eye enucleation
Eye Enucleation Discoloration
OSHA required emergency safety device providing a steady stream of water for flushing the eye
Eye Wash Station
A thin plastic dome-shaped disk used to restore contour just beneath the eyelids
Eyecap
Two movable flaps of skin which cover and uncover each eyeball
Eyelids
Method of eye closure in which the upper lid is placed on top of the lower lid
Eyelid Overlap
The bony region containing the eyeball, the orbital cavity
Eye Socket
Expression or appearance of the facial features after death
Facies Hippocratica
The look of death
Facies Hippocratica
A microorganism that prefers an environment devoid of oxygen but has adapted so that is can live and grow in the presence of oxygen
Falcultative Aerobe
A microorganism that prefers an oxygen environment by it capable of living and growing in its absence
Falcultative Anaerobe
Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Fat
Chemically, a triglyceride ester, composed of glycerol and fatty acids
Fat
A product of decomposition of fats
Fatty Acids
Characterized by a high fever, causing dehydration of the b ody
Febrile
Agency of federal government created in 1914 to promote free and fair competition by prevention of trade restraints, price fixing, false advertising, and other unfair methods of competition
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Bacterial decomposition of carbohydrates
Fermentation
Lesions of the mucous membrane of the lip or mouth, usually caused by Herpes simplex virus 1
Fever Blisters
Removal of particles from a solution as it passes through a membrane or other partical barrier
Filtration
Rigidity of tissue due to chemical reaction
Firming
Hyperemia
First Degree Burn
An injury caused by heat which produces redness of the skin
First Degree Burn (Hyperemia)
The act of making tissue rigid
Fixation
The solidification of a compound
Fixation
An agent employed in the preparation of tissues for the purpose of maintaining the existing form of the structure
Fixative
The most important of these is formalin
Fixative
A dead human body in a body of water which has generated sufficient decomposition gasses to float to the surface of the water face down
Floater
A supplemental piece of equipment attached to the embalming machine which measures the flow of fluids in both gallons per hour and ounces per minute
Flow Meter
The movement of the arterial solution through the capillaries into the intercellular spaces, from an intravascular to an extravascular position
Fluid Diffusion
The movement of the arterial solution from the point of injection through the blood vascular system
Fluid Distribution
A common dye which is used to test for blood circulation
Fluorescein
Intravascular blood discoloration that occurs when arterial solution enters and area, but due to blockage, blood and embalming solution are unable to drain from the area
Flush
An opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes from the brain
Foramen Magnum
That amount of formaldehyde necessary to overcome any nitrogen residue and cause the body proteins to become coagulated
Formaldehyde Demand
Colorless, strong smelling gas that when used in solution is a poewrful preservative and disinfectan
Formaldehyde
HCHO
CH2O
Grey discoloration of the body caused by the reaction of formaldehyde from the embalming process with hemoglobin to form methyl hemoglobin
Formaldehyde Grey
OSHA regulation limiting the amount of occupation exposure to formaldehyde gas
Formaldehyde Rule
A mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water with 40% by volume 37% by weight and contains 7% methyl alcohol to prevent polymerization
Formalin
Total evacuation of tissue
Fourth Degree Burn
The vertical restraining fold of mucous membrane on the midline of the inside of each lip connecting the lip with the gum
Frenulum
An abcess or pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle
Furuncle (Boil)
A process in which a gaseous agent is used to destroy rodents or insects, which act as disease carriers
Fumigation
Chemical agents capable of destroying and/or inhibiting the growth of saprophytic or pathogenic fungi, including molds
Fungicide
An influential person in medical embalming who was the first to make embalming available to the public and who also wrote the first embalming text
Jean Gannal
Necrosis, death of tissues of part of the body usually due to deficient or absent blood supply
Gangrene
Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic
Dry Gangrene
The arteries but not the veins are obstructed
Dry Gangrene
Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage
Wet Gangrene
May be accompanied by bacterial infaction
Wet Gagrene
The veins are obstructed
Wet Gangrene
Antemortem necrosis in a wound infected by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus
Gas Gangrene
The most common etiologic agent of Gas Gangrene is this
Clostridium perfringens
Chemicals which kill or render incapable of reproducing disease causing microorganisms
Germicide
Runner stopper containing two tubes, one to create vacuum or pressure, and the other to deliver fluid or achieve aspiration
Gooseneck
Extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body
Gravity Filtration
Apparatus used to inject arterial fluid during the vascular phase of the embalming process
Gravity Injector
Relies on gravity to create the pressure required to deliver the fluid (.43 pounds or pressure per one foot of elevation)
Gravity Injector
A method of creating injection pressure which consists of a gravity bottle with tubing attached, that is suspended at a desired distance above the point of injection
Gravity Percolater (Gravity Bottle)
Instrument used to guide drainage tubes into veins
Groove Director
Equipment used to dry the hair of the deceased and is made specifically for mortuary use
Hair Dryer
An incision on the surface of the skin used when raising the common carotid arteries, made from the center of one clavicle by a curve to the center of the other clavicle, aka semi-lunar incision
Half-Moon Incision
Prep room item used for scrubbing, cleaning, and disinfection purposes
Hand Brush
Historical instrument resembling a large hypodermic syringe attached to a bottle apparatus, either used to create pressure for injection or vacuum for aspiration
Hand Pump
Water containing large amounts of mineral salts
Hard Water
Chemical in powder form that has the ability to absorb and disinfect, often used in cavity treatment of autopsied cases
Hardening Compound
An influential person in medical embalming who translated Gannal’s text into English and promoted embalming for sanitary purposes
Richard Harlan
An influential person in medical embalming who discovered the circulation of blood
Dr. William Harvey
OSHA regulation that deals with identifying and limiting exposure to occupational hazards
Hazard Communication Standard
An agent or material exposing one to risk
Hazardous Material
Piece of equipment used to maintain the head in the proper position during the embalming process
Head Rest
A direct method of drain accomplished by inserting a trocar into the right atrium of the heart
Heart Tap
A more or less permanent coagulation and stiffening of tissues as a result of exposure to very high temperatures which are constantly above 120 degrees F
Heat Stiffening
Blood present in vomitus
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood from the stomach
Hematemesis
A swelling or mass of clotted blood confined to an organ or space caused by a ruptured blood vessel
Hematoma
Discharge of red blood cells in the urine
Hematuria
The non protein portion of hemoglobin
Heme
The red pigment of the hemoglobin
Heme
The red respiratory portion of the red blood cells
Hemoglobin
Iron containing pigment of red blood cells functioning to carry oxygen to the cells
Hemoglobin
Destruction of red blood cells that liberates hemoglobin
Hemolysis
An embalming instrument used to clamp vessels
Hemostat
Blood in Sputum
Hemoptysis
Inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis
Usually accompanied by fever, jaundice, and an enlarged liver
Hepatitis
Formerly called infectious hepatitis
Hepatitis A
Enterically transmitted (Oral-fecal route)
Hepatitis A
Sever infectious bloodborne Virus
Hepatitiis B
Spread by contaminated blood or body fluid
Hepatitis C
A bloodborne virus that can only exist in combination with HBV
Hepatitis D
Transmitted by contaminated water and human waste
Heapatitis E virus
A bloodborne Virus
Hepatitis G
Airtight seal associated with Ziegler cases or soldered containers
Hermetic Seal
An inflammatory skin disease marked by small vesicles in clusters, usually restricted to diseases caused by Herpes virus
Herpes
Embalming fluids with a high formaldehyde content used on extremely difficult cases in which the embalmer may encounter or on cases in which the embalmer desires a great degree of rigidity (30-36+ index)
High Index Arterial Fluid
Special vascular fluid with a high HCHO content
High Preservation Demand Fluids
Having a relatively low lethal dose
Highly Toxic
An influential person in medical embalming who is regarded as the Father of Modern Embalming and the father of Embalming in the US
Dr Thomas Holmes
Roughly U shaped, with the front being narrower than the sweep of the curve
Horeshoe curve
The shape of the mouth
Horseshoe Curve
A 5% sodium hypochlorite solution
Household Bleach
Prep room equipment used to hold tubing in place on the embalming table
Hose Holder
A type of retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Body of a deceased person including cremated remains
Human Remains
Chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture
Humectant
An influential person in medical embalming for whom Hunter’s Canal is named
John Hunter
An influential person in medical embalming who is acknowledged as the first person to successfully adopt a method of arterial injection to preserve
Dr William Hunter
Shaped as a bent wood weapon with a central belly, resembling a cubids bow
Hunting Bow
Shape of the attached margin of the upper red lip and the line closure
Hunting Bow
A type of air pressure apparatus which is a fluid power driven machine working by the force of a moving liquid
Hydraulic Apparatus
Apparatus that is connected to the water supply when the water is turned on a sunction is developed and is used to aspirate the contents of the body’s cavities
Hydroaspirator
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in a saclike structure, especially the scrotal sac
Hydrocele
Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of the brain
Hydrocephalus
Reaction in which water is one of the reactants and compounds are often broken down
Hydrolysis
The addition of water accompanied by action of enzymes results in the breakdown of protein into amino acids
Hydrolysis of Proteins
Distention of the pelvis and calcyes of one or both kidneys with urine as a result of obstruction
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac
Hydropericardium
Water loving
Hydrophilic
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity
Hydrothorax
Absorbing moisture readily
Hygroscopic
The increase size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells
Hyperplasia
A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
Hypertonic Solution
A diminished, or lowered, coagulability of blood
Hypinosis
The enlargement of an organ or part due to the increase in size of cells composing it
Hypertrophy
Injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or trocar
Hypodermic Embalming
Underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or the body
Hypoplasia
Antemortem and or postmortem settling of blood and/or other fluids to dependent portions of the body
Hypostasis
A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
Hypotonic Solution
Embalming instrument used to hypodermically inject areas of the body with embalming chemicals
Hypo Valve Trocar (Parietal Needle)
International Agency for Researd on Cancer
IARC
That pressure which just overcomes the vascular resistance in the body and causes the arterial solution to enter the body at a moderate and uniform rate
Ideal Injection Pressure
Absorption of the fluid portion of blood by the tissues after death resulting in postmortem edema
Imbibition
A clean cut made with a sharp instrument
Incision
In embalming, a cut made with a scalpel to raise arteries and veins
Incision
The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure
Index
Formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 ml of water
Index
Usually refers to a percentage of formaldehyde gas
Index
Tests for death which can be administered by any layperson and is generally regarded as not being reliable
Inexpert Test for Death
A child less than 1 year of age
Infant
A short hollw tubular instrument with a sharp point
Infant Trocar
Used for aspiration and injection of an infant’s thoracic and abdominal cavities
Infant Trocar
The formation of an area of necrosis in a tissue caused by obstruction in the artery supplying the area
Infarction
The state or condition in which the body or a part of it is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiples and produces injurious effects
Infection
Disease caused by the growth of a pathogenic microorganism in the body
Infectious Disease
From a given reference toward the feet
Inferior
The process of seepage or diffusion into the tissue of substances that are not ordinarily present
Infiltration
The reaction of the tissues to injurious agents, usually characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain
Inflammation
Anatomical structure forming the base of the femoral triangle
Inguinal Ligament
Extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
Inguinal Ligament
The act or instance of forcing a fluid into the vascular system or directly into tissues
Injection
The amount of pressure produced by an injection device to overcome initial resistance within or on the vascular system
Injection Pressure
A preparation aid used in mouth closure
Injector Needle
Inserted into a needle injector and forced into the mandible and maxilla
Injector Needle
Eminence at the medial corner of the closed eyelids
Inner Canthus
A compound consisting of iodine combined with a carrier, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, often used as a preoperative skin disinfectant
Iodophores
A type of suture used to close incisions in such a manner that the ligature remains entirely under the epidermis
Intradermal Suture (Hidden Stitch)
Molecules of a compound in which the atoms have a slightly different configuration
Isomers
Injection of very strong arterial fluid under relatively high pressure into head and face through both common carotid arteries to effect preservation and disinfection while minimizing swelling
Instant Tissue Fixation
The immediate stiffening of the muscles of a dead human body
Instantaneous Rigor Mortis
Cadaveric Spasm
Instantaneous Rigor Mortis
Between the cells of a structure
Intercellular
Space between the ribs
Intercostal Space
Method of drainage in which the drainage is stopped at intervals while the injections continues
Intermittent Drainage
Fluid in the supporting connective tissues surrounding body cells
Interstitial Fluid
Within a cell or cells
Intracellular
Fluid inside cells of the body
Intracellular Fluid
Within the blood vascular system
Intravascular
Discoloration of the body within the blood vascular system
Intravascular Blood Discoloration
Fluid contained within vascular channels
Intravascular Fluid
Pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expaned and then contract, resulting in filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration
Intravascular Pressure
From within the body
Intrinsic
Combination of iodine and a solubilizing agent or carrier that liberates free iodine in solution
Iodophor
Reduction in arterial blood supply
Ischemia
Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed
Ischemic Necrosis
Ischemic Necrosis is also called
Dry Gangrene
A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute to that of a standard of reference
Isotonic Solution
Conditions characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the kin and tissues and deposition of excessive bile pigment in the skin, cornea, body fluids, and mucous membranes with the resulting yellow apperance of the patient
Jaundice (Icterus)
A special vascular fluid with special bleaching and coloring qualities of use on bodies with jaundice
Jaundice Fluid
Tubular instrument of varying diameter and shape, preferably with a plunger, that is inserted into the jugular vein to aid in drainage
Jugular Drain Tube
To cut or tear into irregular segments
Lacerate
Wound characterized by irregular tearing of tissue
Laceration
Oil from sheep wool
Lanolin
A fine growth of downy hair which is sometimes found on the face of a baby
Lanugo
Substance used to kill insect larvae
Larvicide
Away from the midline
Lateral
The amount of a poison that will kill 50% of the group to which is has been administered
Lethal dose 50%
A severe, often fatal bacterial disease characterized by pneumonia, dry cough, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms
Legionnaires Disease
Any change in structure produced during the course of a disease or injury
Lesion
A chronic or acute disease of unregulated clonal proliferation of the stem cells of the blood forming tissues; resident cells eventually replaced by tumor cells
Leukemia
Increase in number of leukocytes in the blood, generally caused by infection and usually transient
Leukocytosis
To tie off an artery and vein upon completion of embalming
Ligate
Thread, cord, or wire used for tying vessels, tissues, or bones
Ligature
An inexpert test for death in which a finger is ligated and if it becomes discolored, then life is present
Ligature Test
A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper-lying structure
Linear Guide
Preparation room materials used on cases where the lips and/or eyelids are difficult to close properly
Lip Sealer and Lip Cement
Decomposition of Fats
Lipolysis
Type of sealing compounds used to brush over incisions, cavities, raw surfaces and areas where any pinpoint leakage may occur
Liquid Adhesives
Collodions
Solutions
Postmortem, intravascular, red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood can usually be cleared via arterial injection and drainage
Livor Mortis
Two synonyms for Livor Mortis
Cadaveric Lividity
Postmortem Lividity
A vascular incision that is made lengthwise on a vessel
Longitudinal Incision
A single, noose-like structure, not pulled taut before knotting, which stands from the skin and which anchors restorative materials
Loop Stitch
The cavity or opening of a vein, artery, or intestine
Lumen
The further away from the heart these are, the smaller the opening becomes
Lumen
Tuberculosis of the skin; patches ulcerate and leave scars on healing
Lupus Vulgaris
A specific antibody acting destructively upon cells and tissues
Lysin
Organelle that exists within a cell, but separate from the cell
Lysosome
Contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins and certain carbohydrates
Lysosome
In its broadest sense, refers to the moistening, and softening, of any tissue decomposing in a liquid medium
Maceration
An insect larva, especially flies
Maggot
An influential person in medical embalming who was the first to not capillary circulation and was later known as the Father of Microscopic Anatomy, Father of Hilstology
Marcello Malphigi
The horseshoe shaped bone forming the inferior jaw
Mandible
MEthod of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the septum of the nose and around the mandible
Mandibular Suture
Manipulation of tissue in the course of preparation of the body, Always move TOWARDS the heart
Massage
This must accompany a hazardous product
Material Safety Data Sheet (Safety Data Sheet)
A requirement of the Department of Labor and OSHA under the hazard communication standard
Material Safety Data Sheet (Safety Data Sheet)
A paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit
Maxilla
An electrical appliance which forces air into a machine resulting in pressure
Mechanical Apparatus
Mechanical Air Pressure Machine
Toward the midline
Medial
An official elected or appointed to investigate suspicious or unnatural death
Medical Examiner
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
MEK
The brown to black-brown pigment in the epidermis and hair which occurs in person of all race
Melanin
Inflammation of the meninges
Meningitis
An embalming instrument used to stop the flow of fluids through tubing
Metal Cut-Off/Metal Clamp
An embalming instrument which permits embalming fluid to flow in two different directions simultaneously
Metal Y
Pathogenic bacterial Staphylococcus aureus, resistant to most drugs
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
A causative agent of bedsores, surgical wound infections, skin and nose infections, and pneumonia
Methicillim Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
A minute one celled form of life not distinguishable as to vegetable or animal nature
Microbe (Microorganism)
A vertical line drawn from the center of the medial border of the base of the axillary space
Mid-Axillary Line
That amount of radioactive material in which 37 million disintegrate each second
Millicurie (MC atoms)
The smallest dose of a poison on record that produces death
Minimum Lethal Dose
Composition of two or more substances that are not chemically bound to each other
Misture
Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the embalming fluid to be used, type of embalming, the environment, and the body
Modifying Agents
Necrotic Tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage, may be accompanied by bacterial infection
Wet Gangrene
Those agents which will prohibitthe growth of mold
Mold Preventative
In a dying state, the agonal period
Moribound
A paste to fix or fill
Mortuary Putty
A device used in the mouth to shape the contour of the lips
Mouth Former
Vascular injection from two or more arteries
Multipoint injection
The complete or extreme dehydration of a dead human body
Mummification
Method of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the septum of the nose and through the mentalis muscle of the chim
Musculature Suture
A material which can cause inheritable genetic changes in offspring
Mutagen
Disfigured by a loss of a natural part because of the application of force
Mutilated
The notrils
Nares
Unconsciousness produced by a drug, usually narcoties, and certain toxic chemicals
Narcosis
A central nervous system depressant which can cause symptoms including headache, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue
Narcotic
In high concentrations, stupor and unconsciousness can occur
Narcotic
Space between the roof of the mouth and the floor of the cranial cavity
Nasal Cavity
The anterior fold of the cheek which descends laterally along the upper lip fromt the wing of the nose, a natural facial marking
Nasolabial fold
Embalming instrument used to aspirate the throat by means of the nostrils
Nasal Tube Aspirator
Tests and certifies respiratory protective devices and air sampling detector tubes, recommends occupational exposure limits for various substances, and assists OSHA in occupational safety and health investigations and research
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacemen
Necrobiosis
Most cells in the body are replaced how often?
Every 14 years
Pathological death of a tissue still a part of the living organism
Necrosis
Prep room equipment used to hold suturing needles and keep them in good condition
Needle Holder
An instrument used to hold a suturing needle while suturing
Needle Holder
A mechanical device used to impel specially designed metal pins into bone
Needle Injector
The abnormal, excessive and uncontrolled multiplication of cells with the formation of a mass or new growth of tissue
Neoplasm (Tumor)
A material capable of causing an abnormal growth of tissue
Neoplastic Agent
Inflammation of the kidneys
Nephritis
Metabolic by-products that contain nitrogen, such as urea and uric acid
Nitrogenous Waste
These compounds have a high affinity for formaldehyde and tend to neutralize embalming chemicals
Nitrogenous Waste
A type of arterial fluid which contains inactive dyes that will not impart a color change upon the body tissues of the deceases
Non-Cosmetic Fluid
Infection acquired in a hospital
Nosocomial
NTP
National Toxicology Program
An involuntary, rapid movement of the eyeball, usually from side to side
Nystagmus
Abnormal amount of fat on the body
Obese
Slanting or inclined, neither perpendicular nor horizontal
Oblique
Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of a worker’s duties
Occupational Exposure
A Governmental Agency with the responsibility for regulation and enforcement agency may supercede the US health matters for most US employees
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Injection and drainage from one location
One Point Injection
A cosmetic medium able to cover or hide skin discolorations
Opaque Cosmetics
Any and all techniques to treat a problem area, excision, incision, wicking
Operative Corrections
An optical instrument with an accompanying light that makes it possible to examine the retina and to explore for blood circulation
Ophthalmoscope
OPIM
Other Possibly Infectious Material
The most favorable condition for functioning
Optimum
The mouth and the vestibule, or the opening to the throat
Oral Cavity
Entrance or outlet of any body cavity, an opening
Orifice
The passage of a solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane
Osmosis
Osmosis
Hindered Diffusion
Hindered Diffusion
Osmosis
Preservation of the body’s surface, exicions and cavities, or of areas that recerived inadequate arterial preservations
Osmotic/Surface Embalming
Material used in osmotic embalming include
Surface packs, embalming powders, and autopsy gels
Method of eye closure in which the upper lid is laced on top of the lower lid
Overlap
Liquids or gels, usually available in spray or pack form, which are generally used in cases of kin slip, ulcerations, and other surface involvements
Pack/Surface Application
Embalming instrument used in filling the external orifices of the body
Packing forceps
To examine by touce
Palpate
A plastic garment which fits tightly around the waist and thighs of the deceased to guard against leakage and to avoid stains and odors
Pants
Incision on the surface of the skin to raise the common carotid arteries, made along the posterior border of the inferior one-third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Parallel Incision
Substances which temporarily or permanently inhibits an enzyme’s action
Paralyzer or Inactivator
Piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needlesticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions
Parenteral
In contaminate air, the parts of vapor or gas per million parts of air by volume
Parts Per Million
In solution, the parts of chemical per million parts of solution
Parts Per Million
Occurs when venous drainage from an area is decreased
Passive Capillary Congestion
Method by which solutes and/or solvents cross through a membrane with no energy provided by the cells of the membrane
Passive Transport System
In embalming, examples of this inclue pressure filtration, dialysis, diffusion, and osmosis
Passive Transport System
Capable of producing disease
Pathogenic
Diseased, due to a disease
Pathological Condition
Antemortem discoloration that occurs during the course of certain diseases
Pathological Discoloration
Substance able to destroy lice
Pediculicide
Effected through unbroken skin
Percutaneous
Chemicals found in embalming arterial formulations having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that is is converted to a more pleasant one
Perfuming Agents (Masking Agent)
To force a fluid through, especially by way of the blood vessels; injection during vascular embalming
Perfusion
Weakness in the extremities due to damage or degeneration of the peripheral nerves
Peripheral Neuropathy
Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membranous coat lining the abdominal cavity and investing the viscera
Peritonitis
The maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances based on employee exposure that are time-weighted over an 8 hour work shift. When these limits are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce employee exposure
Permissible Exposure Limit
The PEL for formaldehyde is
.75 ppm
Those items of protection worn to minimize exposure to hazards
Personal Protective Equipment
Those items worn by the embalmer to avoid contact with blood and other body fluids
Personal Protective Equipment
Agents destructive to adult forms of insect life
Pesticide/Insecticide
Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin
Petechia
Degree of acidity or alkalinity
pH
pH
Potential of Hydrogen
The ph scale is
0-14
0 on the pH scale is
completely acidic
14 on the pH scale is
completely basic
7 on the pH scale is
Neutral
Blood has a pH of
7.35-7.45
Drugs or medicines
Pharmaceutical Agents
An antiseptic/disinfectant employed to dry moist tissues and to bleach
Phenol
Phenol is also known as
Carbolic Acid
The vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; a natural facial marking
Philtrum
Extreme sensitivity to light
Photophobia
A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition
Physical Change
Changes which are not primarily responsible for alterations in the chemical composition and properties of the body substances
Physical Postmortem Changes
Postdeath alteration in the body that comprises a physical and a chemical change
Physiochemical Postmortem Change
Condition in which the interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation
Pitting Edema
Prep room equipment used to reduce neck swelling by variable air pressure
Pneumatic Collar
Acute infection or inflammation of the alveoli
Pneumonia
The alveolar sacs fill up with fluid and dead white blood cells
Pneumonia
Pneumonia’s causes include
Bacteria, fungi, and viruses
General term used to denote any prolonged inhalation of mineral dust
Pneumoconiosis
Any substance that imperils health or life when absorbed into the body
Poison
Concerning an entrance to an organ, especially that through which the blood is carried to the liver
Portal
Prep room equipment for properly positioning bodies prior to, during, and agter vascular embalming
Positioning Devices
That time period after the arterial injection
Postembalming
Toward the back
Posterior
Period that begins after somatic death
Postmortem
An embalming instrument for aspirating liquid materials from the trunk cavity of autopsied cases
Postmortem Aspirator (Autopsy Aspirator)
The changing of blood from a liquid to a semi-solid or a solid
Post-Mortem Blood Coagulation
The rise in temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism
Postmortem Caloricity
Change in the body’s chemical composition that occurs after death
Postmortem Chemical Changes
That period of time between death and embalming; the sooner embalming takes place
Postmortem Interval
A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition
Postmortem Physical Changes
Extravascular color change that occurs when heme, released by hemolysis of red blood cells, seeps through the vessel walls and into the body tissues
Postmortem Stain
Postmortem Stain is also called
Laking
Pure or drinkable water
Potable Water
Contaminated or undrinkable water
Non-Potable Water
The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off
Potential Pressure
Those sealing compounds which are used within vascular incisions, wound, ulcerations, or other moist tissues
Powders
Embalming equipment used to inject a substance into the mouth, giving the deceased a more life-like appearance by filling out the mouth
Poze Injector
A substance bringing about precipitation
Precipitant
The injection of a specialized chemical prior to the injection of a routine arterial chemical
Preinjection
Fluid injected primarily to prepare the vascular system and body tissues for the injection of the preservative vascular solution
Preinjection Fluid
That area or facility wherein embalming, dressing, cosmetizing, or other body preparation are effected
Preparation Room
The science of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition
Preservation
Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unsuitable for nutrition the media upon decomposition which such bacteria thrive, and which will arrest by altering enzymes and lysins of the body as well as converting the decompsable tissue to a form less susceptible to decomposition
Preservative
A preservative is also called a
Fixer
Amount of preservative required to effectively preserve remains depends on the condition of the tissues as determined in the embalming analysis
Preservative Demand aka Formaldehyde Demand
Chemical in powder form typically used for surface embalming of the remains
Preservative Powder
The action of a force against an opposing force
Pressure
The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off
Potential Pressure
A motorized injector used to create positive pressure as required in vascular embalming
Pressure Embalming Machine
The dilution attained as the embalming solution is mixed in the embalming machine
Primary Dilution
Disinfection carried out prior to the embalming process
Primary Disinfection
Vein or veins initially selected for use in the embalming procedure
Primary Drainage Site
A period immediately following death and before rigor mortis occurs where the muscles of the body are limp and flaccid
Primary Flaccidity
Artery or arteries initially selected for use in the embalming procedure
Primary Injection Site
The person who has the legal right/custody of the body and can choose whatever type of final disposition
Primary Right of Disposition
Small proteinaceous infectious agents which almost certainly do not have a nucleic acid genome and therefore resist inactivation by procedures that modify nucleic acids
Prion
Often called Spongiform encephalopathies because of the postmortem appearance of the brain with large vacuoles in the cortex and cerebellum
Prion Diseases
As related to decomposition the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called adipocere or grave wax
Saponification
The recovery of organs or tissues from a cadaver for transplantation purposes
Procurement
Projection of the jaw or jaws that may cause problems with mouth closure alignment of the teeth
Prognathism
Tending to ward off disease
Prophylactic
Organic compound found in plants and animals, can be broken down into amino acids
Protein
Decomposition of proteins
Proteolysis
The state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting
Protrusion
A part that is prominent beyond a surface, like a knob
Protuberance
Any one of a group of nitrogenous organic compounds formed by the action of putrefactive bacteria on proteins
Ptomaine
Indole, skatole, cadaverine, and putrescine are examples of what
Ptomaines
The fibrocartilage that joins the two pubic bones in the median plane
Pubic Symphysis
A hole or wound resulting from piercing
Puncture
Postmortem evacuation of any substance from an external orifice of the body as a result of pressure
Purge
A suture made around the circumference of a circular opening or puncture to close it or to hold the margins in position
Purse String Suture
Liquid product of inflammation containing various proteins and leukocytes
Pus
Characteristic pus-filled structure of a disease, such as smallpox, syphilis, and acne
Pustular Lesion
Small elevation of the skin with an inflamed base, containing pus
Pustule
Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria
Putrefaction
The sypervisor in an institution licensed to use radionuclides, that has the responsibility to establish procedures and make recommendations in the use of all radioactive matter
Radiation Protection Officer
A chemical element that is similar in chemical properties to another element, but differs in atomic weight and electric charge, and emits radiation
Radioactive Isotope
A chemical element that is similar in chemical properties to another element but differs in atomic weight and electric charge, and emits an atom thatdisintegrates by emision of electromagnetic radiation
Radionuclide
Speed at which solution is injected, measured in ounces per minute
Rate of Flow
A mark of desiccation
Razor Burn/Abrasion
Repeated aspiration of a cavity
Reaspiration
Substance that easily loses electrons and there-by causes other substances to be reduced
Reducing Agent
To lay at rest
Repose
An amorphous, nonvolatile solid or soft side substance, a natural exudation from plants any of a class of solid or soft organic compounds of natural or synthetic origin
Resinous Substance
Treatment of the deceased in the attempt to recreate natural form and color
Restoration
Supplemental fluid, used with the regular arterial solution whose purpose is to retain body moisture and retard dehydration
Restorative Fluid
Restorative Fluid is also called
Humectant
Method of injection wherein both common carotid arteries are raised
Restricted Cervical Injection
Inner lining of the eye that receives the images formed by the lens and transmits those images to the brain through the optic nerve
Retina
A general purpose embalming instrument which is primarily used to spread incisions and to afford more working room
Retractor
The right side of the heart seen as the center of drainage, used as a site of drainage via instruments from the right internal jugular vein
Right Atrium
Postmortem stiffening of the body muscles by natural body processes
Rigor Mortis
Rigor Mortis is also called
Cadaveric Rigidity
Preparation room equipment applied to the neck creating external pressure to reduce swelling of the neck
Rubber Water Collar
An influential person in medical embalming who is known as the Father of Embalming
Frederick Ruysch
Decomposition of sugars
Saccharolysis
A yellowish sickly color of the complexion
Sallow
A process to promote and establish conditions which minimize or eliminate biohazards
Sanitation
Process of soap formation
Saponification
Bacteria that derive their nutrition from dead organic matter
Saprophytic Bacteria
A two piece embalming instrument consisting of a handle and blade used to make incisions and excisions
Scalpel
Material used to provide a barrier or seal against any type of leakage of fluid or blood
Sealing Agents
Those resulting in acute inflammation of the skin and blisters
Second Degree Burn
Weakening of the embalming solutions by the fluids in the body both vascular and interstitial
Secondary Dilution
A condition which occurs after rigor mortis has left the body where the muscles of the body return to a state of limpness and flaccidity
Secondary Flaccidity
That injection taking place after the initial primary or first injection
Secondary Injection
Injection of different regions of the body through the different arteries leading to those regions as in autopsy cases or multipoint injections
Sectional Injection
Causing an allergice reaction after repeated exposure
Sensitizer
Pathologic state resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the blood or other tissues
Sepsis
Condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood
Septicemia
Vertical cartilage dividing nasal cavity into two chambers responsible for assymetry of the nose
Septum
A chemical agent that can fence off or tie up metal ions so they cannot react with other chemicals
Sequestering Agent
Notched on the edge like a saw, as seen with forceps
Serrated
Hypodermic needles, suture needles, injector needles, scalpel blades, razor blades, pins and other objects sharp enough to cause percutaneous injury, penetration of unbroken skin, may include other items not disposed of following use such as scissors, teeth, fingernails, and ribs
Sharps
OSHA required receptacle for proper disposal of sharps
Sharps Container
Injection that results in the distribution of embalming fluid primarily to the body surface, with little preservation and disinfection of deeper tissues
Shell Embalming
Legal limits established by OSHA to which worker can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without damage or injury exposures at the STEL should not be for more than 15 minutes and not repeated more than 4 times per work day
Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)
Procedure whereby the embalmer injects and drains from one site
Single Point Injection
Manifestation of death in the body
Sign of Death
Injection that involves use of both common carotid arteries, both axillary arteries, and both femoral or interla iliac arteries
Six-Point Injection
Edema in the body appendages, trunk, and/or head as contrasted with edema of the body cavities
Sketal Edema
Condition of decomposition wherein the epidermis begins to separate fromo the underlying dermal layer
Skin Slip (Desquamation)
A plastic or rubber garment which covers the arm to the area of the wrist to guard or protect against leakage
Sleeves
An unstable salt usually produced in an aqueous solution and used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent
Sodium Hypochlorite
Drug induced edema wherein the excess fluid is located within the cell. Upon palpation, there is no noticeable depression
Solid Edema
The substance that is dissolved in a solution
Solute
Liquid containing dissolved substance
Solution
A liquid holding another substance in solution
Solvent
Death of the organism as a whole
Somatic Death
A prep room instrument ised for the application of wax to the lips of the deceased as well as smoothing out wx on visible areas of the body
Spatula
A multi-purpose embalming instrument commonly used for holding cotton swabs, wiping out and disinfecting the eyes, restoration treatment and closing the eyes
Spring Forceps
Injection from one site and drainage from a separate site
Split Injection
Abnormal constriction of a channel or orifice
Stenosis
Oven or appliace for sterilizing
Sterilizers
An autoclave that disinfects by steam under pressure at temperatures above 100 degrees C
Sterilizers
Process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms
Sterilzation
Delicate instrument used to detect almost inaudible sounds produces in the body
Stethescope
Dead a birth; a product of conception either expelled or extracted dead
Stillborn
A plastic garment covering the entire foot and to the hip to prevent leakage and odor
Stockings
An embalming instrument commonly used on arterial tubes to stop the flow of fluid
Stop Cock
A microbe that can only live in the presence of free oxygen
Strict (Obligate) Aerobe
A microbe that can only survive in the absence of free oxygen
Strict Anaerobe
Situated or occurring beneath the skin
Subcutaneous
Distension of the tissues beneath the skin by gas or air
Subcutaneous Emphysema
An antemortem condition brought about by a surgical procedure or trauma
Subcutaneous Emphysema
A physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas
Sublimation
Eyebrow
Supercilium
Toward the surface
Superficial
Anatomically towards the head
Superior
Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection
Supplemental Fluid
An incision on the surface of the skin to raise the common carotid arteries made along the superior border of the medial one third of the clavicle
Supraclavicular Incision
Cloth, wet or dry, folded and pplied firmly to a body part
Surface Compress
The direct contact of body tissues with embalming chemicals
Surface Embalming
Dehydration of the dead human body due to the movement of air over the body itself
Surface Evaporation/ Air Swipe
A discoloration due to the deposit of matter on the skin surface
Surface Discoloration
Thse discolorations may occur antemortem, during, or after embalming of the body
Surface Discoloration
The force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area
Surface Tension
An absorbent material, compress, saturated with an embalming chemical and placed in direct contact with the tissue
Surface Pack
Chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so it can flow through smaller apertures
Surfactant
Temporary condition of apparent death
Suspended Animation
Act of sewing
Suture
Completed Stitch
Suture
Prep room instruments which are used to close cuts and incisions by suturing with ligature
Suturing Needles
Correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face
Symmetry
Death brought about by a cessation of cardiac activity, or a failure of heart action, one of three modes of death as described by Bichat
Syncope
Drawing together, or a contraction, of gels which results in the giving off of water
Syneresis
Set of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease
Syndrome
Effect occurring at sites remote from the route of entry
Systemic
Contraction phase of the heart action or beat
Systole
A brown to black band of discolored sclera of the eye
Tache Noire
Created by the postmortem drying of the sclera by the air
Tache Noire
Minute petechial hemorrhages caused by the ruptures of minute vessels as blood settles into the dependent areas of organs and tissues, accompanied by livor mortis
Tardieu Spots
A postmortem extravascular blood discoloration most common in asphyxial or slow deaths
Tardieu Spots
Chemicals which will affect adversely certain organs
Target Organ Effects
The science of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition
Temporary Preservation
An agent which can cause non-inheritable mutations in offspring
Teratogen
Institution of disinfection and decontamination measures after the preparation of the remains
Terminal Disinfection
Any procedure used to prove a sign of death
Test of Death
Study of death and dying
Thanatology
Destruction of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, seared, charred
Third Degree Burn
The property of certain cells of becoming fluid when shaken, and then becoming solid again
Thixotropy
Preparation room equipment used to pass a ligature underneath a raised vessel
thread Passer
The formation or presence of an attached blood clot
Thrombosis
A buzzing or ringing in the ears
Tinnitus
A substance used to elevate sunken tissues to normal level by hypodermic injection
Tissue Builder
A general term for the solidification of a sol(ute?) into a gelatinous mass
Tissue Coagulation
Agglutination is a specific form of
Coagulation
Postmortem accumulation of gas in tissues or cavities brought about by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus
Tissue Gas
TLV
Threshold Limit Value
The yellowing/browning of the finger nails and fingers from excessive use of cigarettes, a surface discoloration
Tobacco Tars
Disinfection of the surface of the body or an object
Topical Disinfection
Blood clot which forms when the blood plasma passes through the capillary walls and leaves the blood cells behind
Tough Dry Clots (White Fibrin Clot)
The presence of toxins in the blood
Toxemia
A poisonous substance of plant, animal, bacterial, or fungal origin
Toxin
An agonal or postmortem redistribution of host microflora on a hostwide basis
Translocation
The grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another site, or of an ogan or tissue from one person to another
Transplantation
Lying at right angles to the long axis of the body
Transverse
A vascular incision made at 90 degrees to the long axis of the vessel
Transverse Incision
A physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence
Trauma
A vascular incision which is made by cutting a small triangular wedge from the wall of thevessel
Triangular (Wedge) Incision
Sharply pointed surgical instrument used in cavity embalming to aspirate the cavities and inject cavity fluid
Trocar
May also be used for supplemental hypodermic embalming
Trocar
A plastic threaded screw like device for sealing punctures and small round trocar openings
Trocar Button
Prep room equipment used to insert trocar buttons into trocar punctures created when the trocar is inserted into the body
Trocar Button Applicator
A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the body or a prominent anatomic structure used to located internal structures during cavity embalming, from a point of reference two inches to the left and two inches superior to the umbilicus
Trocar Guide
Homogenous mixture of two or more substances able to pass through a semi permeable membrane
True Solution
A vascular incision created by making a short transverse incision at a right angle to the long axis of the vessel, then, with the point of the scissors inserted into the original opening, a second incision is made parallel to the long axis of the vessel
T-Shaped Incision
Capable of inducing growth of a tumor
Tumorigenic
A covering or layer
Tunic
In liquids, muddy with particles of extraneous matter, not clear or transparent
turbid
An evaluation of exposures that are time-weighted over an established period
Time Weighted Average
An open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue
Ulcer
Plastic garment designed to cover the entire body from the neck down to and including the feet
Unionall
An approach to infection control
Universal Precautions
A toxic condition caused by retention in the blood of waste products normally excreted in the urine
Uremia
An embalming instrument used to cut tissue and ligature
Utility Scissors
Apparatus that prevents the back-siphoning of contaminated liquids into potable water supply lines or plumbing cross-connections within the preparation room
Vacuum Breaker
Specially designed tubing which attaches to the outlet of a gravity percolator
Valentine Tubing
Father of Bacteriology
Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek
Father of Microboiology
Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek
The use of the blood vascular system of the body for temporary preservation, disinfection, and restoration, accomplished through injection of embalming solutions into the arteries and drainage from the veins
Vascular Embalming
Liquids that serve as a solvent for the numerous ingredients that are incorporated into embalming fluids
Vehicle
Located toward the front of the body
Ventral
A narrow, worm-shaped tube connected to the cecum
Vermiform Appendix
Dizziness characterized by a sensation of whirling movement
Vertigo
Blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid
Vesicle
Internal organs enclosed within a cavity
Viscera
The resistance to the flow of a liquid, the thickness of a liquid
Viscosity
An agent used to remove chemical constituents from municipal water supplies that could interfere with drainage and preservation
Water Conditioner
Prep room equipment which is a complete water system containing a hydro aspirator, water outlet, goose neck filler for the embalming machine and a snap on hose
Water Control Unit
Quality fo water containing certain substances, especially soluble salts of valcium and magnesium
Water Hardness
Injection of an arterial solution composed of a preservative embalming fluid which is diluted with supplemental chemicals such as humectants, water conditioners, and co-injections
Waterless Embalming
A condition resulting from the use of an embalming solution containing an insufficient amount of preservative to meet the preservation demand of the tissues, the interstitial spaces are overfilled, engorged with water
Water Logged
The line of color change at the junction of the wet and dry portionsof each mucous membrane
Weather line
Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed
Work Practice Controls
Prohibiting recap of needles
Not allowing blood splatter or aeosolization of blood while draining during embalming
Work Practice Controls
A method of sewing an incision along the edges without entering the opening whereby the suture becomes invisible and the line of suture becomes depressed which lends it ease of concealment by waxing
Worm Suture
