Embalming Glossary Flashcards by Emily Thomas

Nine region plan, by means of four imaginary planes, two of which are horizontal and two saggital

Abdominal Anatomical Regions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Upper row right of the nine region plan

Right Hypochondriac

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Upper row middle of the nine region plan

Epigastric

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Upper Row left of the nine region plan

Left Hypochondriac

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Middle row right of the nine region plan

Right Lateral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Middle row middle of the nine region plan

Umbilical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Middle row left of the nine region plan

Left Lateral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lower row right of the nine region plan

Right Inguinal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lower row middle of the nine region plan

Pubic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lower row left of the nine region plan

Left Inguinal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The four region plan has four regions called what

Quadrants

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two imaginary planes, one horizontal and the other mid-sagittal

Four Region Plan

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Antemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis

Abrasion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A localized accumulation of pus

Abscess

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The process of taking in, as in a colored object which absorbs certain rays of light and reflects other rays giving the object its recognizable color

Absorption

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To touch or contact as with the tarsal plates of the closed eyelids

Abut

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular (arterial) and Cavity embalming fluids

Accessory Chemical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Includes but is not limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, mold preventative agents, and pack application agents

Accessory Chemicals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dimethylketone

Acetone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A colorless liquid which is used to soften and remove scabs

Acetone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A solvent for restorative wax, or a stain remover

Acetone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Presents itself after birth

Aquired

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A specific group of diseases or conditions which are indicative of severe immunosuppression related to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/AIDS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Persons dead having had this disease may exhibit conditions such as wasting syndrome, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and Kaposi’s sarcoma

AIDS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposures below the 8 hour permissible exposure limit

Action Level/Al-Exposure Limit

The AL for formaldehyde is

.5 ppm

Occurs when the arterial supply to an area of the body is increased

Active Capillary Congestion

Dyes which aid in restoring a life-like surface pigmentation to a body and also stain the body tissue cells

Active Dyes

The pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body

Actual Pressure

A disease with a more or less rapid onset and short duration

Acute

Soft whitish crumbly or greasy material that forms upon the postmortem hydrolysis and hydrogenation of body fats AKA Grave Wax

Adipocere

Disease resulting from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones, with bronze discoloration of the skin and electrolyte imalances

Addison's Disease

Assimilation of gas, vapor, or dissolved matter by the surface of a solid or liquid

Adsorption

In the presence of free oxygen

Aerobic

Colloidal solution dispensed as a mist

Aerosol

To disperse as an aerosol

Aerosolization

Minute particles of blood and water become atomized and suspended in air when water under pressure meets the blood drainage or when flushing an uncovered flush sink

Aerosolization

Intravascular The increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels which is a specific type of congealing

Agglutination

Decrease in body temperature immediately before death

Agonal Algor

A process which is the result of capillary permeability changes, where the bacteria from the intestinal area of the body migrate to the blood vascular system and is spread throughout the body

Agonal Bacterial Migration

In reference to blood, a change from a fluid into a thickened mass

Agonal Coagulation

The loss of moisture from the living body during the agonal state

Agonal Dehydration

Escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death

Agonal Edema

An outpouring of lymph into the peritoneal cavity

Agonal Exudation

Increase in body temperature immediately before death

Agonal Fever

An invagination of an upper segment of intestine within a lower segment

Agonal intussusception

Period immediately before somatic death

Agonal Period

The period immediately preceding or prior to death

Agonal state

A method of creating injection pressure with air forced under pressure into a fluid chamber that displaces the arterial solution by pushing it into the arterial system of the body

Air Pressure Apparatus

A protein found in blood plasma

Albumin

An abnormally excessive amount of albumin in the urine

Albuminuria

An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups

Alcohol

An organic compound containing one or more -CHO groups

Aldehyde

Postmortem cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature

Algor Mortis

A material which can trigger an allergic reaction

Allergen

Method of injection-drainage in which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while drainage is open which is a type of restricted drainage

Alternate Drainage

An organization of professional personnel in governmental agencies or educational institutions who are employed in occupational safety and health programs

American Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)

An organic compound containing nitrogen

Amine

Any compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals

Amine

Building blocks of which proteins are constructed, and the end products of protein digestion or hydrolysis

Amino Acid

Ammonia is injected hypodermically into the skin, if a reddish reaction occurs, the body is still alive (Non-expert test for death)

Ammonia Injection Test

In the absence of free oxygen

Anaerobic

Severe generalized edema

Anasarca

A descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known

Anatomical Guide

Points of origin and points of termination in relation to adjacent structures

Anatomical Limits

Used to designate the boundaries of arteries

Anatomical Limits

The body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs are pointed away from the body

Anatomical Position

A decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, or both

Anemia

Localized abnormal dilation of outpocketing of a blood vessel resulting from a congenital defect or a weakness of the vessel wall

Aneurysm

An embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels

Aneurysm Hook

An embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels, which has an eye in the hook portion of the instrument for placing ligatures around the vessels

Aneurysm Needle

An instrument which is used for cutting bandages and/or clothing off of the deceased

Angular Bandage Scissors

A multipurpose instrument used in the embalming process

Angular Spring Forceps

An embalming instrument which has multiple uses, especially in helping remove blood from the veins

Angular Vein Forceps

Deviation from the normal

Anomalies

In from of the elbow, in the bend of the elbow

Antecubital

Before death

Antemortem

Toward the front

The external openings of the nostril

Anterior Nares

A bony protuberance, that can be palpated topograhically, found on the ilium, the superior broad portion of the hipbone

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

The origin of the inguinal ligament and the sartorius muscle

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Glycoprotein substance developed by the body in response to and interacting specifically with and antigen

Antibody

Also known as immunoglobulin

Antibody

Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals

Anticoagulant Fluid

A foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that react specifically with it

Antigen

A non-toxic disinfectant suitable for the use on animal tissue

Antiseptic

The prevention or inhibiting of the growth of causative microorganisms

Antisepsis

Opening

Aperture

Death brought about by a cessation of respiration or improper functioning of the respiratory apparatus

Apnea

Condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained

Apparent Death

A solution in which water is the solvent

Aqueous Solution

Uneven heartbeat

Arrythmia

The concentrated preservative embalming chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming

Arterial (Vascular) Fluid

The purpose of this is inactivating saprophytic bacteria and rendering the body tissues less susceptible to decomposition

Arterial (Vascular) Fluid

The mixture or arterial fluid and water which is used for the arterial injection and may include supplemental fluids

Arterial Solution

A tube used to inject embalming fluid into the body's vascular system

Arterial Tube

An arterial tube is also called

Cannula

The term applied to a number of pathological conditions causing a thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries

Arteriosclerosis

An embalming instrument whose purpose is to hold arterial tubes in the arteries

Artery Fixation Forceps

An embalming instrument used for cutting arteries and veins to enable insertion of the arterial tubes into the arteries and drain tubes into the veins

Artery and Vein Scissors

Place of union between two or more bones

Articulation

The movement of blood from the heart and arteries into the capillaries and veins, which occurs at the moment of death

Articulo-Mortis

Accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity

Ascites

Freedom from infection and from any form of life; sterility

Asepsis

Insufficient intake of oxygen resulting from numerous causes aka apnea

Asphyxia

Withdrawal of gas, fluids, and semi-solids from body cavities and hollow viscera by means of suction with an aspirator and a trocar

Aspiration

Indicates a weakness or fetheniaebleness of any organ or function

Asthenia

Fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries occurring in athersclerosis

Atheroma

A form of arteriosclerosis marked by deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls

Atheroscleosis

A wasting, decrease in size of an organ or tissue

Atrophy

Apparatus used for sterilization by steam pressure, usually at 250 F/ 120 C for a specific time

Autoclave

Self-destruction of cells

Autolysis

Decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance

Autolysis

The body's own digestive enzymes that are capable of destroying body cells

Autolytic enzymes

A postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition

Autopsy

The presence of bacteria in the blood

Bacteremia

Destructive to bacteria

Bactericidal Agent

Destruction of bacteria by action of certain chemical substances

Bacteriolysis

Agent that has the ability to inhibit or retard bacterial growth; No destruction of viability of the microorganism is implied

Bacteriostatic Agent

Resins combined with oil

Balsamic Substance

A fragrant, resinous, oily exudate from various trees and plants

Balsamic Substance

The arm pit

Base of the axillary space

Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle

Anterior Boundary

Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle

Posterior Boundary

Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the chest wall

Medial Boundary

Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscle blends into the arm

Laterla Boundary

A network of stitches which cross the borders of a cavity or excision to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position

Basket Weave (Cross) Stitch

Two sides

Bilateral

Dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object

Bilateral Differences

Biological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans

Biohazard

Bloodborne pathogens, blood or body fluids exposure, any potentially infective, contaminated waste associated with the preparation of human remains that constitutes a hazard to humans in the workplace

Biohazardous (Infectious) Waste

Irreversible somatic death where life cannot be restored

Biological Death

A carcinogen potentially produced when formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite come into contact with each other, normally occurs only in a controlled laboratory setting and requires a catalyst

Bischloromethyl Ether (BCME)

An embalming instrument which is a one piece scalpel used for making incisions and excisions

Bistoury

A chemical which lightens or blanches skin discolorations

Bleach

A chemical which lightens a skin discolorations

Bleaching Agent

A thin vesicle on the skin containing liquid matter

Blister

Tissue that circulates through the vascular system and is composed of approximately 22% solids and 78% water

Blood

Discolorations resulting from changes in blood composition, content, or location, either intravascularly or extravascularly

Blood Discoloration

The pressure exerted by the blood in the living body on the arterial wall measured in millimeters of mercury

Blood Pressure

Circulatory network composed of the heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Blood Vascular System

Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans

Bloodborne Pathogens

These pathogens include Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Bloodborne Pathogens

OSHA regulation regulating the employee's exposure to blood and other body fluids

Bloodborne Pathogen Rule

Having relatively large patches of color somewhat different from the remainder of the coloring

Blotched

The separation and pushing aside of the superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and then the deep fascia surrounding blood vessels, utilizing manual techniques or round ended instruments which separate rather than cut the protective tissues

Blunt Dissection

Preparation room equipment which is designed to eliminate the physical strain of moving caskets and bodies by hand

Body and Casket Lifter

Acute, deep seated inflammation in the skin which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle

Boil (Furuncle)

An embalming instrument used to maintain the elevation of the vessels above the surface of the skin

Bone Separator

Individual stitch knotted at the tissue edge which may be applied prior to embalming to align tissues

Bridge Suture (Temporary Interrupted Suture)

An injury caused by a blow without laceration, a contusion

Bruise (Ecchymosis)

Vestibule of the oral cavity, the space between the lips, gums, and teeth

Buccal Cavity

A chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid-base (pH) balance within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissues

Buffers

Self-contained, soft rubber and manual pump designed to create pressure to deliver fluid as it passes through one-way valves located within the bulb, used only to deliver fluids

Bulb Syringe

One of the discoverers of formaldehyde (Russian)

Alexander Butlerov

General deterioration of the body

Cachexia

A state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting

Cachexia

May occur in chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis

Cachexia

Wasting Syndrome

Cachexia

Dead human body used for medical purpose, including transplantation, anatomical dissection, and study

Cadaver

A cancer causing chemical or material

Carcinogen

A disease with a more or less slow onset and long duration

Chronic

A prolongation of the last violent contraction of the muscles into the rigidity of death

Cadaveric Spasm

Instantaneous Rigor Mortis

Cadaveric Spasm

The dome like superior portion of the cranium which is removed during cranial autopsy

Calvarium

A device used as a means of fastening the calvarium after a cranial auopsy

Calvarium clamp

Special needles which are used to anchor the calvaria securely in the head of autopsied cases and is applied with a needle injector

Calvarium Needles

Formation of new channels in a tissue

Canalization

Any malignant neoplasm marked by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

Cancer

Minute blood vessels, the walls of which comprise a single layer of endothelial cells

Capillaries

Connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins

Capillaries

Where pressure filtration occurs

Capillaries

Ability of substances to diffuse through capillary walls into the tissue spaces

Capillary Permeability

Plastic protective garment designed to cover the legs, buttocks, and abdomen

Capri Garment

A combination of pants and stockings

Capri Garment

A compount of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen

Carbohydrate

Sugars, starches, and glycogen

Carbohydrate

Phenol

Carbolic Acid

Circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that ends in suppuration and is accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as fever and leukocytosis

Carbuncle

Several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue

Carbuncle

A cancer-causing chemical or material

Carcinogen

A specialized type of dense connective tissue

Cartilage

Attached to the ends of bones and forming parts of structures, such as the nasal septum and the framework of the ear

Cartilage

The total sum of those considerations given the case at hand, beginning before the embalming procedure is begun and continuing throughout the operation

Case Analysis

A condition in which the vital signs of life are feebly maintained and there is a waxy rigidity of the body

Catelepsy

A chemical capable of drying tissues by searing, caustic

Cauterizing Agent

The formation of cavities in an organ or tissue, frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis

Cavitation

A hollow place or area

Cavity

Direct treatment, other than arterial injection, of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera, usually accomplished by aspiration and injection

Cavity Embalming/Treatment

Embalming chemicals which are injected into the cavities of the body following the aspiration in cavity embalming

Cavity fluid

Can also be used as the chemical in hypodermic and surface embalming

Cavity Fluid

An embalming instrument which is connected to a bottle of cavity fluid to aid in injecting the cavity fluid into the various cavities of the body

Cavity Injector

Death of the individual cells of the body

Cellular Death

Center of fluid distribution

Ascending and/or arch of the aorta

Center of Venous Drainage

Right Atrium of the heart

Embalming machine that uses an electrical pump to create pressure either pulsating or non-pulsating

Centrifugal Force Machine

Modern Embalming Machine

Centrifugal Force Machine

A major agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, concerned with all phases of control of communicable, vector borne, and occupational diseases

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Restorative treatment usually accompanied by aspiration, gravitation, or external pressure to remove gases or excess liquids from tissues

Channeling

Passages are made through the tissues with a scalpel, hypodermic needle, or trocar

Channeling

Substances that bind metallic ion such as EDTA used as an anticoagulant in embalming solutions

Chelate

Dehydration caused by using too harsh of an arterial solution to embalm a dead human body

Chemical Evaporation

A change in the body's chemical composition that occurs after death such as hemolysis

Chemical Postmortem Change

The application of chemical reagents in the treatment of disease in humans, causing an elevated preservation demand

Chemotherapy

A blood clot which contains all of the blood elements with red and white blood cells separated into distinct layers

Chicken Fat Clot

One of several methods used for mouth closure

Chin Rest

The means by which a pathogen is passed from host to host

Circle of Transmission

A type of air pressure apparatus where air or CO2 is pumped from tanks into a fluid chamber to create pressure

Compressed Air or Gas CO2 Apparatus

A solution containing a relatively large amount of solute

Concentrated Solution

Disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process

Concurrent Disinfection

Method of drainage in which drainage occurs continuously during arterial injection

Concurrent drainage

The immediate and temporary disturbance of brain function

Concussion

Rounded articular process on a bone

Condyle

Mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white portion of the eye

Conjunctiva

To contract or compress

Constrict

Disease that may be transmitted between individuals, with reference to the organism that causes a disease

Contagious Disease

The presence of the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface

Contaminated

Laundry which has been soiled with blood or other potentially infectious materials or may contain sharps

Contaminated Laundry

Any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin including needles, scalpels, broken glass, and exposed ends of wires

Contaminated Sharps

Transparent part of the tunic of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light into the interior

Cornea

That portion of the cornea recovered for transplantation

Corneal Sclera Button

The cornea and sclera considered together comprising the tunica fibrosa or fibrous coat of the eye

Corneal Sclera Button

Legal term referring to a dead body

Corpse

An official of a local community who holds inquests concerning sudden, violent, and unexplained death

Coroner

Having an abnormal amount of fat on the body

Corpulence (Obesity)

Causing visible destruction of living tissue at point of contact

Corrosive

Embalming fluid that contains dyes and coloring agents intended to restore a more natural skin tone through the embalming process

Cosmetic Fluid

Dye that helps to cover internal discolorations such as jaundice

Counter Staining Compound

Plastic garment designed to cover the body from the chest down to the upper thigh

Coverall

Embalming aid used on cases with cranial autopsies to absorb seepage and prevent the soiling of the casket pillow

Cranial Pillow

That part of the human skull which encloses the brain

Cranium

Method used to embalm the contents of the cranial cavity through the contents of the cranial cavity through aspiration and injection of the cranial chamber by passage of a trocar through the cribriform plate

Cranial Embalming

Those elements remaining after cremation of a dead human body

Cremate Remains

Crackling sensation produced when gases trapped in tissues are palpated as in Subcutaneous Emphysema

Crepitation

A disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology assumed to be a slow virus

Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease

Thin, medial portion of the ethmoid bone of the skull

Cribriform Plate

In embalming, the chemical joining of proteins brought about by the chemical reaction of aldehydes with different forms of nitrogen, resulting in the firmness of embalmed tissue

Cross-Linkage of Proteins

A blood clot which contains all of the blood elements coagulated in an evenly mixed mass

Current/Jelly Clot

A condition of skin puckering caused by the contraction of the erector pili

Cutis Aserina

Bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen

Cyanosis

A sac within or on the body surface containing air or fluid

Cyst

Italian sculpter and painter produced anatomical plates

Leonardo DaVinci

Injected the arterial system for preservation of anatomical specimens

Leonardo DaVinci

Irreversible cessation of all vital functions

Death

A list of dead to be prayed for

Death Bill

A luminous appearance like a candle flames superstitiously thought to prestage death

Death Candle

A kind of ignis fatuus (glow) supposed to forebode death

Death Fire

Stroke of tolling of a death bell

Death Kneel

A relation or ratio of the number of deaths, for a given period, to the total population

Death Rate

Noise made by a moribound person caused by air passing through a residue of mucous in the trachea and posterior oral cavity

Death Rattle

The semi-convulsive twitches which often occur before death

Death Struggle

Spasm of Death

Death Throe

Signal of approaching death

Death Token

A condition in which the muscles become rigidly fixed, the body becomes pale and cold, pulse respiration are feeble

Death Trance

A small weight, such as a penny, laid on the eyelids to keep them closed

Death Weight

One liable to death, a mortal

Deathling

Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria

Decay

Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes

Decomposition

Inactivation or removal of microbial toxins, as well as of living microbial pathogens themselves

Decontamination

Below the surface

Deep

Loss of moisture from body tissue which may occur antemortem or postmortem

Dehydration

A protein whose structure has been changed by physical or chemical agents

Denatured Protein

An expression of the definition of mammals

Dental formula

The number of teeth are given in form of a fraction, with the number of upper teeth over the number of lower teeth

Dental formula

Oblique insertion of the teeth

Dental Prognathism

One of several methods used for mouth closure

Dental Tie

Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one

Deodorants Masking Agents Perfuming Agents

The deep layer of skin under the epidermis

Derma

AKA dermis, skin, corium, or true skin

Derma

General inflammation of the skin

Dermatitis

A disease or disorder of the skin

Dermatosis

Rendered thoroughly dry, exhausted of moisutre

Dessication

Areas of embalmed tissue where excessive dehydration has occurred

Dessication Marks

Sloughing off of the epidermis wherein there is a separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis formally referred to as skin slip

Desquamation

A variation from the common or established

Deviations

A vascular incision made on vessels by cutting in an oblique or slanting direction

Diagonal Incision

The condition of the heart being enlarged, occurring normally, artificially, or as a result of disease

Dilatation (Dilation)

Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

Dialysis

Selective Diffusion

Dialysis

Relaxation phase of the heart beat

Diastole

The difference between potential and actual pressure

Differential Pressure

The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an intravascular to an extravascular location

Diffusion Solution

Movements of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids

Diffusion Solution

Anatomical term describing fingers and toes

Digits

Substance thinned or reduced in concentration

Dilution

A cosmetic lessened in brilliance

Dilution

An acute infectious disease characterized by the formation of a false membrane on any mucous surface

Diphtheria

Disjoining of bones

Disarticulate

Unchecked putrefaction eventually results in a complete breakdown and disappearance of all body structures, except the bones

Disintegration

Any abnormal color in or upon the human body

Discoloration

Any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a body part, organ, or system

Disease

Act of cutting apart

Dissection

Distend

Dissection

To expand or swell

Dissection

An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores

Disinfectant

The destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body

Disinfection

State of stretching out or becoming inflated

Distension

AKA Swelling

Distension

The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries

Distribution Solution

A state of being twisted or pushed out of natural shape or position

Distortion

Posterior

Dorsal

Toward the back

Dorsal

Opposite of Anterior

Dorsal

A wooden or metal rod used as an armature

Dowel

Tubular instrument of varying diameter and shape, preferably with a plunger, that is inserted into a vein to aid in drainage of blood and to restrict the exit of vascular embalming solution

Drain Tube

Discharge or withdrawal of blood, interstitial fluid, and embalming fluids from the body during vascular embalming, usually through a vein

Drainage

An embalming instrument which allows the removal of blood from the body without using the conventional drain tube

Drainage Forceps

OSHA required safety device for a release of a copious amount of water in a short time

Drench Shower

Preparation room equipment which is specifically designed for the dressing of the deceased

Dressing Table

Antemortem discolorations resulting from the administration of drugs or chemotherapeutic agents

Drug Discoloration

Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed

Dry Gangrene

Substances which will, upon being dissolved, impart a definite color to the embalming solution

Dye

Classified to their capacity to permanently impart color to the tissue of the body into which they are injected

Dye

Difficult or painful breathing

Dyspnea

Extravasation of blood into a tissue

Ecchymosis

A disease of the skin characterized by itching, redness, and scaling

Eczema

Record of the electrical activity of the heart

Electrocardiogram (EKG)

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues or body cavities

Edema (Dropsy)

A record of the electrical activity of the brain

Electreoencephalogram (EEG)

A device that uses a motor to create a suction for the purpose of aspiration

Electric Aspirator

An electrically heated blade which may be used to dry moist tissue, reduce swollen tissue, and restore contour to natural form

Electric Spatula (Tissue Reducer)

Excessive Leanness

Emaciation

A wasted condition resulting in sunken surfaces of the face

Emaciation

A severe skin irritation due to prolonged exposure to formaldehyde or other embalming chemicals

Emablmer's Eczema

Process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance

Embalming

The four types of embalming are

Cavity Embalming Hypodermic Embalming Surface Embalming Vascular Embalming

Direct treatment of other than vascular embalming of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera

Cavity Embalming

Usually accomplished by aspiration and then injection of chemicals using a trocar

Cavity Embalming

Injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or a trocar

Hypodermic Embalming

Direct contact of internal or external body tissues with embalming chemicals

Surface Embalming

The use of the vascular systems of the body for preservation, disinfection, and restoration

Vascular Embalming

Usually accomplished through injection of embalming solutions into the arteries and drainage from the veins

Vascular Embalming

Report filled out for each body prepared and for each body received from another funeral home

Embalming report

That consideration given to the dead prior to, during, and after the embalming procedure is complete

Embalming (Case) Analysis

Embalming where an absorbent material is saturated with an embalming chemical and placed in direct contact with the tissue

Embalming Pack

Embalming chemical in powder form, typically used for surface treatment of the remains

Embalming Powder

Preparation room equipment on which human remains are placed for the embalming procedure

Embalming Table

Free floating object in the blood stream

Embolism

The true metabolic enzymes of bacterium, produced within the bacterial cell wall

Endoenzymes

Procedures that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplace such as sharps disposal container, self sheathing needles

Engineering controls

The removal of an entire mass or part, especially a tumor of the eyeball without rupture

Enucleation

The surroundings, conditions, or influences that affect an organism or the cell within an organism

Environment

A governmental agency with environmental protection regulatory and enforcement authority

Environmental Protection Agency

An organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition

Enzyme

The outermost layer of skin

Epidermis

The cuticle or scarf skin

Epidermis

Bleeding from the nose

Epistaxis

Clear, volatile liquid used as a wax solvent or to remove grease, oil, and adhesive tape stains

Ether

The discipline dealing with moral duty and obligation

Ethics

Found in products as either the tetrasodium or disodium salt

Ethylenediamine Tetracetic Acid (EDTA)

React chemically to bind calcium which inhibits the blood clotting mechanism

Ethylenediamine Tetracetic Acid (EDTA)

A skin irritant, causing dryness and cracking

Ethylenediamine Tetracetic Acid (EDTA)

Disease characterized by a rash, for example, measles

Exanthematous Disease

To remove as by cutting out

Excise

To remove as by cutting out, the area from which something has been cut out

Excision

Enzymes which function outside of the bacterial cell wall

Exoenzymes

Any procedure used to prove a sign of death, usually performed by medical personnel

Expert Tests of Death

A specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee's duties

Exposure Incident

Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may results from the performance of an employee's duties

Exposure Occupational

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained

Exsanguination

Weight applied to a surface

External Pressure

Drawn or pulled out

Extraction

Outside the blood vascular system

Extravascular

Discoloration of the body outside the blood vascular system, for example, ecchymosis, petechia, hematoma, and postmortem stain

Extravascular Blood Discoloration

From outside the body

Extrinsic

Fluid or cellular debris exuding from blood vessels and deposited in tissues or tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation

Exudate

Removal of the eye for tissue transplantation, research and education

Eye Enucleation

Extravasation of blood as a result of eye enucleation

Eye Enucleation Discoloration

OSHA required emergency safety device providing a steady stream of water for flushing the eye

Eye Wash Station

A thin plastic dome-shaped disk used to restore contour just beneath the eyelids

Eyecap

Two movable flaps of skin which cover and uncover each eyeball

Eyelids

Method of eye closure in which the upper lid is placed on top of the lower lid

Eyelid Overlap

The bony region containing the eyeball, the orbital cavity

Eye Socket

Expression or appearance of the facial features after death

Facies Hippocratica

The look of death

Facies Hippocratica

A microorganism that prefers an environment devoid of oxygen but has adapted so that is can live and grow in the presence of oxygen

Falcultative Aerobe

A microorganism that prefers an oxygen environment by it capable of living and growing in its absence

Falcultative Anaerobe

Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Fat

Chemically, a triglyceride ester, composed of glycerol and fatty acids

Fat

A product of decomposition of fats

Fatty Acids

Characterized by a high fever, causing dehydration of the b ody

Febrile

Agency of federal government created in 1914 to promote free and fair competition by prevention of trade restraints, price fixing, false advertising, and other unfair methods of competition

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Bacterial decomposition of carbohydrates

Fermentation

Lesions of the mucous membrane of the lip or mouth, usually caused by Herpes simplex virus 1

Fever Blisters

Removal of particles from a solution as it passes through a membrane or other partical barrier

Filtration

Rigidity of tissue due to chemical reaction

Firming

Hyperemia

First Degree Burn

An injury caused by heat which produces redness of the skin

First Degree Burn (Hyperemia)

The act of making tissue rigid

Fixation

The solidification of a compound

Fixation

An agent employed in the preparation of tissues for the purpose of maintaining the existing form of the structure

Fixative

The most important of these is formalin

Fixative

A dead human body in a body of water which has generated sufficient decomposition gasses to float to the surface of the water face down

Floater

A supplemental piece of equipment attached to the embalming machine which measures the flow of fluids in both gallons per hour and ounces per minute

Flow Meter

The movement of the arterial solution through the capillaries into the intercellular spaces, from an intravascular to an extravascular position

Fluid Diffusion

The movement of the arterial solution from the point of injection through the blood vascular system

Fluid Distribution

A common dye which is used to test for blood circulation

Fluorescein

Intravascular blood discoloration that occurs when arterial solution enters and area, but due to blockage, blood and embalming solution are unable to drain from the area

Flush

An opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes from the brain

Foramen Magnum

That amount of formaldehyde necessary to overcome any nitrogen residue and cause the body proteins to become coagulated

Formaldehyde Demand

Colorless, strong smelling gas that when used in solution is a poewrful preservative and disinfectan

Formaldehyde HCHO CH2O

Grey discoloration of the body caused by the reaction of formaldehyde from the embalming process with hemoglobin to form methyl hemoglobin

Formaldehyde Grey

OSHA regulation limiting the amount of occupation exposure to formaldehyde gas

Formaldehyde Rule

A mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water with 40% by volume 37% by weight and contains 7% methyl alcohol to prevent polymerization

Formalin

Total evacuation of tissue

Fourth Degree Burn

The vertical restraining fold of mucous membrane on the midline of the inside of each lip connecting the lip with the gum

Frenulum

An abcess or pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle

Furuncle (Boil)

A process in which a gaseous agent is used to destroy rodents or insects, which act as disease carriers

Fumigation

Chemical agents capable of destroying and/or inhibiting the growth of saprophytic or pathogenic fungi, including molds

Fungicide

An influential person in medical embalming who was the first to make embalming available to the public and who also wrote the first embalming text

Jean Gannal

Necrosis, death of tissues of part of the body usually due to deficient or absent blood supply

Gangrene

Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic

Dry Gangrene

The arteries but not the veins are obstructed

Dry Gangrene

Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage

Wet Gangrene

May be accompanied by bacterial infaction

Wet Gagrene

The veins are obstructed

Wet Gangrene

Antemortem necrosis in a wound infected by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus

Gas Gangrene

The most common etiologic agent of Gas Gangrene is this

Clostridium perfringens

Chemicals which kill or render incapable of reproducing disease causing microorganisms

Germicide

Runner stopper containing two tubes, one to create vacuum or pressure, and the other to deliver fluid or achieve aspiration

Gooseneck

Extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body

Gravity Filtration

Apparatus used to inject arterial fluid during the vascular phase of the embalming process

Gravity Injector

Relies on gravity to create the pressure required to deliver the fluid (.43 pounds or pressure per one foot of elevation)

Gravity Injector

A method of creating injection pressure which consists of a gravity bottle with tubing attached, that is suspended at a desired distance above the point of injection

Gravity Percolater (Gravity Bottle)

Instrument used to guide drainage tubes into veins

Groove Director

Equipment used to dry the hair of the deceased and is made specifically for mortuary use

Hair Dryer

An incision on the surface of the skin used when raising the common carotid arteries, made from the center of one clavicle by a curve to the center of the other clavicle, aka semi-lunar incision

Half-Moon Incision

Prep room item used for scrubbing, cleaning, and disinfection purposes

Hand Brush

Historical instrument resembling a large hypodermic syringe attached to a bottle apparatus, either used to create pressure for injection or vacuum for aspiration

Hand Pump

Water containing large amounts of mineral salts

Hard Water

Chemical in powder form that has the ability to absorb and disinfect, often used in cavity treatment of autopsied cases

Hardening Compound

An influential person in medical embalming who translated Gannal's text into English and promoted embalming for sanitary purposes

Richard Harlan

An influential person in medical embalming who discovered the circulation of blood

Dr. William Harvey

OSHA regulation that deals with identifying and limiting exposure to occupational hazards

Hazard Communication Standard

An agent or material exposing one to risk

Hazardous Material

Piece of equipment used to maintain the head in the proper position during the embalming process

Head Rest

A direct method of drain accomplished by inserting a trocar into the right atrium of the heart

Heart Tap

A more or less permanent coagulation and stiffening of tissues as a result of exposure to very high temperatures which are constantly above 120 degrees F

Heat Stiffening

Blood present in vomitus

Hematemesis

Vomiting of blood from the stomach

Hematemesis

A swelling or mass of clotted blood confined to an organ or space caused by a ruptured blood vessel

Hematoma

Discharge of red blood cells in the urine

Hematuria

The non protein portion of hemoglobin

Heme

The red pigment of the hemoglobin

Heme

The red respiratory portion of the red blood cells

Hemoglobin

Iron containing pigment of red blood cells functioning to carry oxygen to the cells

Hemoglobin

Destruction of red blood cells that liberates hemoglobin

Hemolysis

An embalming instrument used to clamp vessels

Hemostat

Blood in Sputum

Hemoptysis

Inflammation of the liver

Hepatitis

Usually accompanied by fever, jaundice, and an enlarged liver

Hepatitis

Formerly called infectious hepatitis

Hepatitis A

Enterically transmitted (Oral-fecal route)

Hepatitis A

Sever infectious bloodborne Virus

Hepatitiis B

Spread by contaminated blood or body fluid

Hepatitis C

A bloodborne virus that can only exist in combination with HBV

Hepatitis D

Transmitted by contaminated water and human waste

Heapatitis E virus

A bloodborne Virus

Hepatitis G

Airtight seal associated with Ziegler cases or soldered containers

Hermetic Seal

An inflammatory skin disease marked by small vesicles in clusters, usually restricted to diseases caused by Herpes virus

Herpes

Embalming fluids with a high formaldehyde content used on extremely difficult cases in which the embalmer may encounter or on cases in which the embalmer desires a great degree of rigidity (30-36+ index)

High Index Arterial Fluid

Special vascular fluid with a high HCHO content

High Preservation Demand Fluids

Having a relatively low lethal dose

Highly Toxic

An influential person in medical embalming who is regarded as the Father of Modern Embalming and the father of Embalming in the US

Dr Thomas Holmes

Roughly U shaped, with the front being narrower than the sweep of the curve

Horeshoe curve

The shape of the mouth

Horseshoe Curve

A 5% sodium hypochlorite solution

Household Bleach

Prep room equipment used to hold tubing in place on the embalming table

Hose Holder

A type of retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Body of a deceased person including cremated remains

Human Remains

Chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture

Humectant

An influential person in medical embalming for whom Hunter's Canal is named

John Hunter

An influential person in medical embalming who is acknowledged as the first person to successfully adopt a method of arterial injection to preserve

Dr William Hunter

Shaped as a bent wood weapon with a central belly, resembling a cubids bow

Hunting Bow

Shape of the attached margin of the upper red lip and the line closure

Hunting Bow

A type of air pressure apparatus which is a fluid power driven machine working by the force of a moving liquid

Hydraulic Apparatus

Apparatus that is connected to the water supply when the water is turned on a sunction is developed and is used to aspirate the contents of the body's cavities

Hydroaspirator

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in a saclike structure, especially the scrotal sac

Hydrocele

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of the brain

Hydrocephalus

Reaction in which water is one of the reactants and compounds are often broken down

Hydrolysis

The addition of water accompanied by action of enzymes results in the breakdown of protein into amino acids

Hydrolysis of Proteins

Distention of the pelvis and calcyes of one or both kidneys with urine as a result of obstruction

Hydronephrosis

Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac

Hydropericardium

Water loving

Hydrophilic

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity

Hydrothorax

Absorbing moisture readily

Hygroscopic

The increase size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells

Hyperplasia

A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared

Hypertonic Solution

A diminished, or lowered, coagulability of blood

Hypinosis

The enlargement of an organ or part due to the increase in size of cells composing it

Hypertrophy

Injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or trocar

Hypodermic Embalming

Underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or the body

Hypoplasia

Antemortem and or postmortem settling of blood and/or other fluids to dependent portions of the body

Hypostasis

A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared

Hypotonic Solution

Embalming instrument used to hypodermically inject areas of the body with embalming chemicals

Hypo Valve Trocar (Parietal Needle)

International Agency for Researd on Cancer

IARC

That pressure which just overcomes the vascular resistance in the body and causes the arterial solution to enter the body at a moderate and uniform rate

Ideal Injection Pressure

Absorption of the fluid portion of blood by the tissues after death resulting in postmortem edema

Imbibition

A clean cut made with a sharp instrument

Incision

In embalming, a cut made with a scalpel to raise arteries and veins

Incision

The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure

Index

Formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 ml of water

Index

Usually refers to a percentage of formaldehyde gas

Index

Tests for death which can be administered by any layperson and is generally regarded as not being reliable

Inexpert Test for Death

A child less than 1 year of age

Infant

A short hollw tubular instrument with a sharp point

Infant Trocar

Used for aspiration and injection of an infant's thoracic and abdominal cavities

Infant Trocar

The formation of an area of necrosis in a tissue caused by obstruction in the artery supplying the area

Infarction

The state or condition in which the body or a part of it is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiples and produces injurious effects

Infection

Disease caused by the growth of a pathogenic microorganism in the body

Infectious Disease

From a given reference toward the feet

Inferior

The process of seepage or diffusion into the tissue of substances that are not ordinarily present

Infiltration

The reaction of the tissues to injurious agents, usually characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain

Inflammation

Anatomical structure forming the base of the femoral triangle

Inguinal Ligament

Extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

Inguinal Ligament

The act or instance of forcing a fluid into the vascular system or directly into tissues

Injection

The amount of pressure produced by an injection device to overcome initial resistance within or on the vascular system

Injection Pressure

A preparation aid used in mouth closure

Injector Needle

Inserted into a needle injector and forced into the mandible and maxilla

Injector Needle

Eminence at the medial corner of the closed eyelids

Inner Canthus

A compound consisting of iodine combined with a carrier, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, often used as a preoperative skin disinfectant

Iodophores

A type of suture used to close incisions in such a manner that the ligature remains entirely under the epidermis

Intradermal Suture (Hidden Stitch)

Molecules of a compound in which the atoms have a slightly different configuration

Isomers

Injection of very strong arterial fluid under relatively high pressure into head and face through both common carotid arteries to effect preservation and disinfection while minimizing swelling

Instant Tissue Fixation

The immediate stiffening of the muscles of a dead human body

Instantaneous Rigor Mortis

Cadaveric Spasm

Instantaneous Rigor Mortis

Between the cells of a structure

Intercellular

Space between the ribs

Intercostal Space

Method of drainage in which the drainage is stopped at intervals while the injections continues

Intermittent Drainage

Fluid in the supporting connective tissues surrounding body cells

Interstitial Fluid

Within a cell or cells

Intracellular

Fluid inside cells of the body

Intracellular Fluid

Within the blood vascular system

Intravascular

Discoloration of the body within the blood vascular system

Intravascular Blood Discoloration

Fluid contained within vascular channels

Intravascular Fluid

Pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expaned and then contract, resulting in filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration

Intravascular Pressure

From within the body

Intrinsic

Combination of iodine and a solubilizing agent or carrier that liberates free iodine in solution

Iodophor

Reduction in arterial blood supply

Ischemia

Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed

Ischemic Necrosis

Ischemic Necrosis is also called

Dry Gangrene

A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute to that of a standard of reference

Isotonic Solution

Conditions characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the kin and tissues and deposition of excessive bile pigment in the skin, cornea, body fluids, and mucous membranes with the resulting yellow apperance of the patient

Jaundice (Icterus)

A special vascular fluid with special bleaching and coloring qualities of use on bodies with jaundice

Jaundice Fluid

Tubular instrument of varying diameter and shape, preferably with a plunger, that is inserted into the jugular vein to aid in drainage

Jugular Drain Tube

To cut or tear into irregular segments

Lacerate

Wound characterized by irregular tearing of tissue

Laceration

Oil from sheep wool

Lanolin

A fine growth of downy hair which is sometimes found on the face of a baby

Lanugo

Substance used to kill insect larvae

Larvicide

Away from the midline

Lateral

The amount of a poison that will kill 50% of the group to which is has been administered

Lethal dose 50%

A severe, often fatal bacterial disease characterized by pneumonia, dry cough, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms

Legionnaires Disease

Any change in structure produced during the course of a disease or injury

Lesion

A chronic or acute disease of unregulated clonal proliferation of the stem cells of the blood forming tissues; resident cells eventually replaced by tumor cells

Leukemia

Increase in number of leukocytes in the blood, generally caused by infection and usually transient

Leukocytosis

To tie off an artery and vein upon completion of embalming

Ligate

Thread, cord, or wire used for tying vessels, tissues, or bones

Ligature

An inexpert test for death in which a finger is ligated and if it becomes discolored, then life is present

Ligature Test

A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper-lying structure

Linear Guide

Preparation room materials used on cases where the lips and/or eyelids are difficult to close properly

Lip Sealer and Lip Cement

Decomposition of Fats

Lipolysis

Type of sealing compounds used to brush over incisions, cavities, raw surfaces and areas where any pinpoint leakage may occur

Liquid Adhesives Collodions Solutions

Postmortem, intravascular, red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood can usually be cleared via arterial injection and drainage

Livor Mortis

Two synonyms for Livor Mortis

Cadaveric Lividity | Postmortem Lividity

A vascular incision that is made lengthwise on a vessel

Longitudinal Incision

A single, noose-like structure, not pulled taut before knotting, which stands from the skin and which anchors restorative materials

Loop Stitch

The cavity or opening of a vein, artery, or intestine

Lumen

The further away from the heart these are, the smaller the opening becomes

Lumen

Tuberculosis of the skin; patches ulcerate and leave scars on healing

Lupus Vulgaris

A specific antibody acting destructively upon cells and tissues

Lysin

Organelle that exists within a cell, but separate from the cell

Lysosome

Contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins and certain carbohydrates

Lysosome

In its broadest sense, refers to the moistening, and softening, of any tissue decomposing in a liquid medium

Maceration

An insect larva, especially flies

Maggot

An influential person in medical embalming who was the first to not capillary circulation and was later known as the Father of Microscopic Anatomy, Father of Hilstology

Marcello Malphigi

The horseshoe shaped bone forming the inferior jaw

Mandible

MEthod of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the septum of the nose and around the mandible

Mandibular Suture

Manipulation of tissue in the course of preparation of the body, Always move TOWARDS the heart

Massage

This must accompany a hazardous product

Material Safety Data Sheet (Safety Data Sheet)

A requirement of the Department of Labor and OSHA under the hazard communication standard

Material Safety Data Sheet (Safety Data Sheet)

A paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit

Maxilla

An electrical appliance which forces air into a machine resulting in pressure

Mechanical Apparatus | Mechanical Air Pressure Machine

Toward the midline

Medial

An official elected or appointed to investigate suspicious or unnatural death

Medical Examiner

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

MEK

The brown to black-brown pigment in the epidermis and hair which occurs in person of all race

Melanin

Inflammation of the meninges

Meningitis

An embalming instrument used to stop the flow of fluids through tubing

Metal Cut-Off/Metal Clamp

An embalming instrument which permits embalming fluid to flow in two different directions simultaneously

Metal Y

Pathogenic bacterial Staphylococcus aureus, resistant to most drugs

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

A causative agent of bedsores, surgical wound infections, skin and nose infections, and pneumonia

Methicillim Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

A minute one celled form of life not distinguishable as to vegetable or animal nature

Microbe (Microorganism)

A vertical line drawn from the center of the medial border of the base of the axillary space

Mid-Axillary Line

That amount of radioactive material in which 37 million disintegrate each second

Millicurie (MC atoms)

The smallest dose of a poison on record that produces death

Minimum Lethal Dose

Composition of two or more substances that are not chemically bound to each other

Misture

Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the embalming fluid to be used, type of embalming, the environment, and the body

Modifying Agents

Necrotic Tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage, may be accompanied by bacterial infection

Wet Gangrene

Those agents which will prohibitthe growth of mold

Mold Preventative

In a dying state, the agonal period

Moribound

A paste to fix or fill

Mortuary Putty

A device used in the mouth to shape the contour of the lips

Mouth Former

Vascular injection from two or more arteries

Multipoint injection

The complete or extreme dehydration of a dead human body

Mummification

Method of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the septum of the nose and through the mentalis muscle of the chim

Musculature Suture

A material which can cause inheritable genetic changes in offspring

Mutagen

Disfigured by a loss of a natural part because of the application of force

Mutilated

The notrils

Nares

Unconsciousness produced by a drug, usually narcoties, and certain toxic chemicals

Narcosis

A central nervous system depressant which can cause symptoms including headache, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue

Narcotic

In high concentrations, stupor and unconsciousness can occur

Narcotic

Space between the roof of the mouth and the floor of the cranial cavity

Nasal Cavity

The anterior fold of the cheek which descends laterally along the upper lip fromt the wing of the nose, a natural facial marking

Nasolabial fold

Embalming instrument used to aspirate the throat by means of the nostrils

Nasal Tube Aspirator

Tests and certifies respiratory protective devices and air sampling detector tubes, recommends occupational exposure limits for various substances, and assists OSHA in occupational safety and health investigations and research

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacemen

Necrobiosis

Most cells in the body are replaced how often?

Every 14 years

Pathological death of a tissue still a part of the living organism

Necrosis

Prep room equipment used to hold suturing needles and keep them in good condition

Needle Holder

An instrument used to hold a suturing needle while suturing

Needle Holder

A mechanical device used to impel specially designed metal pins into bone

Needle Injector

The abnormal, excessive and uncontrolled multiplication of cells with the formation of a mass or new growth of tissue

Neoplasm (Tumor)

A material capable of causing an abnormal growth of tissue

Neoplastic Agent

Inflammation of the kidneys

Nephritis

Metabolic by-products that contain nitrogen, such as urea and uric acid

Nitrogenous Waste

These compounds have a high affinity for formaldehyde and tend to neutralize embalming chemicals

Nitrogenous Waste

A type of arterial fluid which contains inactive dyes that will not impart a color change upon the body tissues of the deceases

Non-Cosmetic Fluid

Infection acquired in a hospital

Nosocomial

NTP

National Toxicology Program

An involuntary, rapid movement of the eyeball, usually from side to side

Nystagmus

Abnormal amount of fat on the body

Obese

Slanting or inclined, neither perpendicular nor horizontal

Oblique

Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of a worker's duties

Occupational Exposure

A Governmental Agency with the responsibility for regulation and enforcement agency may supercede the US health matters for most US employees

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Injection and drainage from one location

One Point Injection

A cosmetic medium able to cover or hide skin discolorations

Opaque Cosmetics

Any and all techniques to treat a problem area, excision, incision, wicking

Operative Corrections

An optical instrument with an accompanying light that makes it possible to examine the retina and to explore for blood circulation

Ophthalmoscope

OPIM

Other Possibly Infectious Material

The most favorable condition for functioning

Optimum

The mouth and the vestibule, or the opening to the throat

Oral Cavity

Entrance or outlet of any body cavity, an opening

Orifice

The passage of a solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane

Osmosis

Hindered Diffusion

Osmosis

Preservation of the body's surface, exicions and cavities, or of areas that recerived inadequate arterial preservations

Osmotic/Surface Embalming

Material used in osmotic embalming include

Surface packs, embalming powders, and autopsy gels

Method of eye closure in which the upper lid is laced on top of the lower lid

Overlap

Liquids or gels, usually available in spray or pack form, which are generally used in cases of kin slip, ulcerations, and other surface involvements

Pack/Surface Application

Embalming instrument used in filling the external orifices of the body

Packing forceps

To examine by touce

Palpate

A plastic garment which fits tightly around the waist and thighs of the deceased to guard against leakage and to avoid stains and odors

Pants

Incision on the surface of the skin to raise the common carotid arteries, made along the posterior border of the inferior one-third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Parallel Incision

Substances which temporarily or permanently inhibits an enzyme's action

Paralyzer or Inactivator

Piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needlesticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions

Parenteral

In contaminate air, the parts of vapor or gas per million parts of air by volume

Parts Per Million

In solution, the parts of chemical per million parts of solution

Parts Per Million

Occurs when venous drainage from an area is decreased

Passive Capillary Congestion

Method by which solutes and/or solvents cross through a membrane with no energy provided by the cells of the membrane

Passive Transport System

In embalming, examples of this inclue pressure filtration, dialysis, diffusion, and osmosis

Passive Transport System

Capable of producing disease

Pathogenic

Diseased, due to a disease

Pathological Condition

Antemortem discoloration that occurs during the course of certain diseases

Pathological Discoloration

Substance able to destroy lice

Pediculicide

Effected through unbroken skin

Percutaneous

Chemicals found in embalming arterial formulations having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that is is converted to a more pleasant one

Perfuming Agents (Masking Agent)

To force a fluid through, especially by way of the blood vessels; injection during vascular embalming

Perfusion

Weakness in the extremities due to damage or degeneration of the peripheral nerves

Peripheral Neuropathy

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membranous coat lining the abdominal cavity and investing the viscera

Peritonitis

The maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances based on employee exposure that are time-weighted over an 8 hour work shift. When these limits are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce employee exposure

Permissible Exposure Limit

The PEL for formaldehyde is

.75 ppm

Those items of protection worn to minimize exposure to hazards

Personal Protective Equipment

Those items worn by the embalmer to avoid contact with blood and other body fluids

Personal Protective Equipment

Agents destructive to adult forms of insect life

Pesticide/Insecticide

Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin

Petechia

Degree of acidity or alkalinity

Potential of Hydrogen

The ph scale is

0-14

0 on the pH scale is

completely acidic

14 on the pH scale is

completely basic

7 on the pH scale is

Neutral

Blood has a pH of

7.35-7.45

Drugs or medicines

Pharmaceutical Agents

An antiseptic/disinfectant employed to dry moist tissues and to bleach

Phenol

Phenol is also known as

Carbolic Acid

The vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; a natural facial marking

Philtrum

Extreme sensitivity to light

Photophobia

A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition

Physical Change

Changes which are not primarily responsible for alterations in the chemical composition and properties of the body substances

Physical Postmortem Changes

Postdeath alteration in the body that comprises a physical and a chemical change

Physiochemical Postmortem Change

Condition in which the interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation

Pitting Edema

Prep room equipment used to reduce neck swelling by variable air pressure

Pneumatic Collar

Acute infection or inflammation of the alveoli

Pneumonia

The alveolar sacs fill up with fluid and dead white blood cells

Pneumonia

Pneumonia's causes include

Bacteria, fungi, and viruses

General term used to denote any prolonged inhalation of mineral dust

Pneumoconiosis

Any substance that imperils health or life when absorbed into the body

Poison

Concerning an entrance to an organ, especially that through which the blood is carried to the liver

Portal

Prep room equipment for properly positioning bodies prior to, during, and agter vascular embalming

Positioning Devices

That time period after the arterial injection

Postembalming

Toward the back

Posterior

Period that begins after somatic death

Postmortem

An embalming instrument for aspirating liquid materials from the trunk cavity of autopsied cases

Postmortem Aspirator (Autopsy Aspirator)

The changing of blood from a liquid to a semi-solid or a solid

Post-Mortem Blood Coagulation

The rise in temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism

Postmortem Caloricity

Change in the body's chemical composition that occurs after death

Postmortem Chemical Changes

That period of time between death and embalming; the sooner embalming takes place

Postmortem Interval

A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition

Postmortem Physical Changes

Extravascular color change that occurs when heme, released by hemolysis of red blood cells, seeps through the vessel walls and into the body tissues

Postmortem Stain

Postmortem Stain is also called

Laking

Pure or drinkable water

Potable Water

Contaminated or undrinkable water

Non-Potable Water

The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off

Potential Pressure

Those sealing compounds which are used within vascular incisions, wound, ulcerations, or other moist tissues

Powders

Embalming equipment used to inject a substance into the mouth, giving the deceased a more life-like appearance by filling out the mouth

Poze Injector

A substance bringing about precipitation

Precipitant

The injection of a specialized chemical prior to the injection of a routine arterial chemical

Preinjection

Fluid injected primarily to prepare the vascular system and body tissues for the injection of the preservative vascular solution

Preinjection Fluid

That area or facility wherein embalming, dressing, cosmetizing, or other body preparation are effected

Preparation Room

The science of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition

Preservation

Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unsuitable for nutrition the media upon decomposition which such bacteria thrive, and which will arrest by altering enzymes and lysins of the body as well as converting the decompsable tissue to a form less susceptible to decomposition

Preservative

A preservative is also called a

Fixer

Amount of preservative required to effectively preserve remains depends on the condition of the tissues as determined in the embalming analysis

Preservative Demand aka Formaldehyde Demand

Chemical in powder form typically used for surface embalming of the remains

Preservative Powder

The action of a force against an opposing force

Pressure

The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off

Potential Pressure

A motorized injector used to create positive pressure as required in vascular embalming

Pressure Embalming Machine

The dilution attained as the embalming solution is mixed in the embalming machine

Primary Dilution

Disinfection carried out prior to the embalming process

Primary Disinfection

Vein or veins initially selected for use in the embalming procedure

Primary Drainage Site

A period immediately following death and before rigor mortis occurs where the muscles of the body are limp and flaccid

Primary Flaccidity

Artery or arteries initially selected for use in the embalming procedure

Primary Injection Site

The person who has the legal right/custody of the body and can choose whatever type of final disposition

Primary Right of Disposition

Small proteinaceous infectious agents which almost certainly do not have a nucleic acid genome and therefore resist inactivation by procedures that modify nucleic acids

Prion

Often called Spongiform encephalopathies because of the postmortem appearance of the brain with large vacuoles in the cortex and cerebellum

Prion Diseases

As related to decomposition the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called adipocere or grave wax

Saponification

The recovery of organs or tissues from a cadaver for transplantation purposes

Procurement

Projection of the jaw or jaws that may cause problems with mouth closure alignment of the teeth

Prognathism

Tending to ward off disease

Prophylactic

Organic compound found in plants and animals, can be broken down into amino acids

Protein

Decomposition of proteins

Proteolysis

The state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting

Protrusion

A part that is prominent beyond a surface, like a knob

Protuberance

Any one of a group of nitrogenous organic compounds formed by the action of putrefactive bacteria on proteins

Ptomaine

Indole, skatole, cadaverine, and putrescine are examples of what

Ptomaines

The fibrocartilage that joins the two pubic bones in the median plane

Pubic Symphysis

A hole or wound resulting from piercing

Puncture

Postmortem evacuation of any substance from an external orifice of the body as a result of pressure

Purge

A suture made around the circumference of a circular opening or puncture to close it or to hold the margins in position

Purse String Suture

Liquid product of inflammation containing various proteins and leukocytes

Pus

Characteristic pus-filled structure of a disease, such as smallpox, syphilis, and acne

Pustular Lesion

Small elevation of the skin with an inflamed base, containing pus

Pustule

Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria

Putrefaction

The sypervisor in an institution licensed to use radionuclides, that has the responsibility to establish procedures and make recommendations in the use of all radioactive matter

Radiation Protection Officer

A chemical element that is similar in chemical properties to another element, but differs in atomic weight and electric charge, and emits radiation

Radioactive Isotope

A chemical element that is similar in chemical properties to another element but differs in atomic weight and electric charge, and emits an atom thatdisintegrates by emision of electromagnetic radiation

Radionuclide

Speed at which solution is injected, measured in ounces per minute

Rate of Flow

A mark of desiccation

Razor Burn/Abrasion

Repeated aspiration of a cavity

Reaspiration

Substance that easily loses electrons and there-by causes other substances to be reduced

Reducing Agent

To lay at rest

Repose

An amorphous, nonvolatile solid or soft side substance, a natural exudation from plants any of a class of solid or soft organic compounds of natural or synthetic origin

Resinous Substance

Treatment of the deceased in the attempt to recreate natural form and color

Restoration

Supplemental fluid, used with the regular arterial solution whose purpose is to retain body moisture and retard dehydration

Restorative Fluid

Restorative Fluid is also called

Humectant

Method of injection wherein both common carotid arteries are raised

Restricted Cervical Injection

Inner lining of the eye that receives the images formed by the lens and transmits those images to the brain through the optic nerve

Retina

A general purpose embalming instrument which is primarily used to spread incisions and to afford more working room

Retractor

The right side of the heart seen as the center of drainage, used as a site of drainage via instruments from the right internal jugular vein

Right Atrium

Postmortem stiffening of the body muscles by natural body processes

Rigor Mortis

Rigor Mortis is also called

Cadaveric Rigidity

Preparation room equipment applied to the neck creating external pressure to reduce swelling of the neck

Rubber Water Collar

An influential person in medical embalming who is known as the Father of Embalming

Frederick Ruysch

Decomposition of sugars

Saccharolysis

A yellowish sickly color of the complexion

Sallow

A process to promote and establish conditions which minimize or eliminate biohazards

Sanitation

Process of soap formation

Saponification

Bacteria that derive their nutrition from dead organic matter

Saprophytic Bacteria

A two piece embalming instrument consisting of a handle and blade used to make incisions and excisions

Scalpel

Material used to provide a barrier or seal against any type of leakage of fluid or blood

Sealing Agents

Those resulting in acute inflammation of the skin and blisters

Second Degree Burn

Weakening of the embalming solutions by the fluids in the body both vascular and interstitial

Secondary Dilution

A condition which occurs after rigor mortis has left the body where the muscles of the body return to a state of limpness and flaccidity

Secondary Flaccidity

That injection taking place after the initial primary or first injection

Secondary Injection

Injection of different regions of the body through the different arteries leading to those regions as in autopsy cases or multipoint injections

Sectional Injection

Causing an allergice reaction after repeated exposure

Sensitizer

Pathologic state resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the blood or other tissues

Sepsis

Condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood

Septicemia

Vertical cartilage dividing nasal cavity into two chambers responsible for assymetry of the nose

Septum

A chemical agent that can fence off or tie up metal ions so they cannot react with other chemicals

Sequestering Agent

Notched on the edge like a saw, as seen with forceps

Serrated

Hypodermic needles, suture needles, injector needles, scalpel blades, razor blades, pins and other objects sharp enough to cause percutaneous injury, penetration of unbroken skin, may include other items not disposed of following use such as scissors, teeth, fingernails, and ribs

Sharps

OSHA required receptacle for proper disposal of sharps

Sharps Container

Injection that results in the distribution of embalming fluid primarily to the body surface, with little preservation and disinfection of deeper tissues

Shell Embalming

Legal limits established by OSHA to which worker can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without damage or injury exposures at the STEL should not be for more than 15 minutes and not repeated more than 4 times per work day

Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)

Procedure whereby the embalmer injects and drains from one site

Single Point Injection

Manifestation of death in the body

Sign of Death

Injection that involves use of both common carotid arteries, both axillary arteries, and both femoral or interla iliac arteries

Six-Point Injection

Edema in the body appendages, trunk, and/or head as contrasted with edema of the body cavities

Sketal Edema

Condition of decomposition wherein the epidermis begins to separate fromo the underlying dermal layer

Skin Slip (Desquamation)

A plastic or rubber garment which covers the arm to the area of the wrist to guard or protect against leakage

Sleeves

An unstable salt usually produced in an aqueous solution and used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent

Sodium Hypochlorite

Drug induced edema wherein the excess fluid is located within the cell. Upon palpation, there is no noticeable depression

Solid Edema

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

Solute

Liquid containing dissolved substance

Solution

A liquid holding another substance in solution

Solvent

Death of the organism as a whole

Somatic Death

A prep room instrument ised for the application of wax to the lips of the deceased as well as smoothing out wx on visible areas of the body

Spatula

A multi-purpose embalming instrument commonly used for holding cotton swabs, wiping out and disinfecting the eyes, restoration treatment and closing the eyes

Spring Forceps

Injection from one site and drainage from a separate site

Split Injection

Abnormal constriction of a channel or orifice

Stenosis

Oven or appliace for sterilizing

Sterilizers

An autoclave that disinfects by steam under pressure at temperatures above 100 degrees C

Sterilizers

Process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms

Sterilzation

Delicate instrument used to detect almost inaudible sounds produces in the body

Stethescope

Dead a birth; a product of conception either expelled or extracted dead

Stillborn

A plastic garment covering the entire foot and to the hip to prevent leakage and odor

Stockings

An embalming instrument commonly used on arterial tubes to stop the flow of fluid

Stop Cock

A microbe that can only live in the presence of free oxygen

Strict (Obligate) Aerobe

A microbe that can only survive in the absence of free oxygen

Strict Anaerobe

Situated or occurring beneath the skin

Subcutaneous

Distension of the tissues beneath the skin by gas or air

Subcutaneous Emphysema

An antemortem condition brought about by a surgical procedure or trauma

Subcutaneous Emphysema

A physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas

Sublimation

Eyebrow

Supercilium

Toward the surface

Superficial

Anatomically towards the head

Superior

Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection

Supplemental Fluid

An incision on the surface of the skin to raise the common carotid arteries made along the superior border of the medial one third of the clavicle

Supraclavicular Incision

Cloth, wet or dry, folded and pplied firmly to a body part

Surface Compress

The direct contact of body tissues with embalming chemicals

Surface Embalming

Dehydration of the dead human body due to the movement of air over the body itself

Surface Evaporation/ Air Swipe

A discoloration due to the deposit of matter on the skin surface

Surface Discoloration

Thse discolorations may occur antemortem, during, or after embalming of the body

Surface Discoloration

The force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area

Surface Tension

An absorbent material, compress, saturated with an embalming chemical and placed in direct contact with the tissue

Surface Pack

Chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so it can flow through smaller apertures

Surfactant

Temporary condition of apparent death

Suspended Animation

Act of sewing

Suture

Completed Stitch

Suture

Prep room instruments which are used to close cuts and incisions by suturing with ligature

Suturing Needles

Correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face

Symmetry

Death brought about by a cessation of cardiac activity, or a failure of heart action, one of three modes of death as described by Bichat

Syncope

Drawing together, or a contraction, of gels which results in the giving off of water

Syneresis

Set of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease

Syndrome

Effect occurring at sites remote from the route of entry

Systemic

Contraction phase of the heart action or beat

Systole

A brown to black band of discolored sclera of the eye

Tache Noire

Created by the postmortem drying of the sclera by the air

Tache Noire

Minute petechial hemorrhages caused by the ruptures of minute vessels as blood settles into the dependent areas of organs and tissues, accompanied by livor mortis

Tardieu Spots

A postmortem extravascular blood discoloration most common in asphyxial or slow deaths

Tardieu Spots

Chemicals which will affect adversely certain organs

Target Organ Effects

The science of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition

Temporary Preservation

An agent which can cause non-inheritable mutations in offspring

Teratogen

Institution of disinfection and decontamination measures after the preparation of the remains

Terminal Disinfection

Any procedure used to prove a sign of death

Test of Death

Study of death and dying

Thanatology

Destruction of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, seared, charred

Third Degree Burn

The property of certain cells of becoming fluid when shaken, and then becoming solid again

Thixotropy

Preparation room equipment used to pass a ligature underneath a raised vessel

thread Passer

The formation or presence of an attached blood clot

Thrombosis

A buzzing or ringing in the ears

Tinnitus

A substance used to elevate sunken tissues to normal level by hypodermic injection

Tissue Builder

A general term for the solidification of a sol(ute?) into a gelatinous mass

Tissue Coagulation

Agglutination is a specific form of

Coagulation

Postmortem accumulation of gas in tissues or cavities brought about by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus

Tissue Gas

TLV

Threshold Limit Value

The yellowing/browning of the finger nails and fingers from excessive use of cigarettes, a surface discoloration

Tobacco Tars

Disinfection of the surface of the body or an object

Topical Disinfection

Blood clot which forms when the blood plasma passes through the capillary walls and leaves the blood cells behind

Tough Dry Clots (White Fibrin Clot)

The presence of toxins in the blood

Toxemia

A poisonous substance of plant, animal, bacterial, or fungal origin

Toxin

An agonal or postmortem redistribution of host microflora on a hostwide basis

Translocation

The grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another site, or of an ogan or tissue from one person to another

Transplantation

Lying at right angles to the long axis of the body

Transverse

A vascular incision made at 90 degrees to the long axis of the vessel

Transverse Incision

A physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence

Trauma

A vascular incision which is made by cutting a small triangular wedge from the wall of thevessel

Triangular (Wedge) Incision

Sharply pointed surgical instrument used in cavity embalming to aspirate the cavities and inject cavity fluid

Trocar

May also be used for supplemental hypodermic embalming

Trocar

A plastic threaded screw like device for sealing punctures and small round trocar openings

Trocar Button

Prep room equipment used to insert trocar buttons into trocar punctures created when the trocar is inserted into the body

Trocar Button Applicator

A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the body or a prominent anatomic structure used to located internal structures during cavity embalming, from a point of reference two inches to the left and two inches superior to the umbilicus

Trocar Guide

Homogenous mixture of two or more substances able to pass through a semi permeable membrane

True Solution

A vascular incision created by making a short transverse incision at a right angle to the long axis of the vessel, then, with the point of the scissors inserted into the original opening, a second incision is made parallel to the long axis of the vessel

T-Shaped Incision

Capable of inducing growth of a tumor

Tumorigenic

A covering or layer

Tunic

In liquids, muddy with particles of extraneous matter, not clear or transparent

turbid

An evaluation of exposures that are time-weighted over an established period

Time Weighted Average

An open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

Ulcer

Plastic garment designed to cover the entire body from the neck down to and including the feet

Unionall

An approach to infection control

Universal Precautions

A toxic condition caused by retention in the blood of waste products normally excreted in the urine

Uremia

An embalming instrument used to cut tissue and ligature

Utility Scissors

Apparatus that prevents the back-siphoning of contaminated liquids into potable water supply lines or plumbing cross-connections within the preparation room

Vacuum Breaker

Specially designed tubing which attaches to the outlet of a gravity percolator

Valentine Tubing

Father of Bacteriology

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek

Father of Microboiology

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek

The use of the blood vascular system of the body for temporary preservation, disinfection, and restoration, accomplished through injection of embalming solutions into the arteries and drainage from the veins

Vascular Embalming

Liquids that serve as a solvent for the numerous ingredients that are incorporated into embalming fluids

Vehicle

Located toward the front of the body

Ventral

A narrow, worm-shaped tube connected to the cecum

Vermiform Appendix

Dizziness characterized by a sensation of whirling movement

Vertigo

Blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid

Vesicle

Internal organs enclosed within a cavity

Viscera

The resistance to the flow of a liquid, the thickness of a liquid

Viscosity

An agent used to remove chemical constituents from municipal water supplies that could interfere with drainage and preservation

Water Conditioner

Prep room equipment which is a complete water system containing a hydro aspirator, water outlet, goose neck filler for the embalming machine and a snap on hose

Water Control Unit

Quality fo water containing certain substances, especially soluble salts of valcium and magnesium

Water Hardness

Injection of an arterial solution composed of a preservative embalming fluid which is diluted with supplemental chemicals such as humectants, water conditioners, and co-injections

Waterless Embalming

A condition resulting from the use of an embalming solution containing an insufficient amount of preservative to meet the preservation demand of the tissues, the interstitial spaces are overfilled, engorged with water

Water Logged

The line of color change at the junction of the wet and dry portionsof each mucous membrane

Weather line

Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed

Work Practice Controls

Prohibiting recap of needles | Not allowing blood splatter or aeosolization of blood while draining during embalming

Work Practice Controls

A method of sewing an incision along the edges without entering the opening whereby the suture becomes invisible and the line of suture becomes depressed which lends it ease of concealment by waxing

Worm Suture