Variety of Living Organisms and Immunity Y9/10 Flashcards
What are some examples of Fungi?
Yeast and Mucor
What are some examples of Bacteria? and the use?
Lactobacillicus used for making milk and Pneumonnocos- Causes Pneumonia
What are some examples of Protoctists? and the use?
Ameoba and Plasmodium- This is PaTHOGENIC and causes malaria
What are some examples of Viruses?
HIV- Causes AIDS which weakens the immune system, Tobacco Mosaic Virus - Plant tissue death and leaf discolouration, Influenza Disease = Flu
Why are Microbes important?
they are very important to us
as they help recycle waste products and decompose organisms when they die
Which of the Microbes are pathogenic?
Viruses
Which of the Microbes contain a cytoplasm?
Fungi, Bacteria and Protoctists.
What are the cell walls of Bacteria made from?
Protein and Carbohydrate
Which Microbes contain cell walls?
Fungi, Bacteria and Protoctists (some)
Which of the microbes contain Nucleus’?
Fungi and Protoctists
What do viruses have instead of Nucleus’?
Loose DNA/RNA
What do Bacteria have instead of Nucleus?
(single circular chromosome &
plasmids)
Which Microbes store Carbohydrates?
Fungi and Protoctists
Which Microbes Photosynthesise?
Bacteria and Protoctists
How Do Fungi gain Nutrition?
Saprotrophic Nutrition- Fungi secrete extracellular digestive enzymes onto their food to
break it down into small, soluble molecules. These molecules then diffuse into the fungus from a region of
high concentration to low concentration.
How do Bacteria gain Nutrition?
Some bacteria are able to photosynthesis using a form of chlorophyll in their cytoplasm. These are called
autotrophs
Most feed off other living or dead organisms, and many are important decomposers
How do Protoctists gain Nutrition?
Auto or Heterotrophic
How do Fungi’s Reproduce?
Sexual/Asexual
How do Bacteria Reproduce?
Asexual- Binary Fission
How do Protoctists Reproduce?
Sexual/Asexual
How do Virus’ Reproduce?
Replicate inside of their hosts cell
What is Mould an example of?
FUngi
How do Mould reproduce?
Moulds reproduce asexually by producing spores (which are light and
carried away in the wind)
How do Yeast Reproduce?
Yeast is a single-celled fungus that
reproduces asexually by budding
Why are Virus’ considered as non living organisms?
. They are usually considered non-living
because they do not respire, grow, move or excrete. Nor are they able to sense and respond to their environment
What is the only thing that Virus’ can do that is a characteristic of a living organism?
Reproduction
What is an example of a pathogenic Protoctist?
Plasmodium which causes malaria
What is a Pathogen?
A Pathogen is an organism which causes disease.
What si the Use of the Skin in the immune System?
Dry, dead outer cells are difficult for pathogens to penetrate and the sebaceaous glands
produce oils which help to kill microbes
What is the use of Nasal Hairs in the immune system?
Keeps out dust and larger organisms
What is the Use of Mucus in the immune system?
Traps dust and microbes
What is the use of Cilia in the immune system?
Tiny hairs that sweep the mucus and trapped microbes to the back of the throat to be
swallowed.
What is the use of Tears in protecting the immune system?
Wash out the bacteria in the eyes. Also contain the enzymes that kill bacteria.
What is the use of stomach acid in the immune system?
Kills Bacteria entering the digestive system?
What is the use of Platelets in the immune system?
To prevent entry of pathogens to open wounds as form blood clots which can harden to
form scabs.
What are the two types of white blood cells that are also involved in fighting pathogens?
Lymphocytes and Phagocytes
What is the specific response of a Lymphocyte?
produces antibodies to fight pathogens
How do antibodies destroy pathogens?
Clump pathogens together so more easily engulfed.
• Acts as markers to identify the pathogen.
• Neutralise toxins produced by pathogen using antitoxins.
State Three ways in which you can become immune to a disease?
Specific shape for antibodies
Natural genes
Antibodies transfer –> immunification
Phagocytes in Digestion?
Phagocytes move towards the pathogen, binds to it, pushes a sleve of cytoplasm to surround it. It then engulfs it inside the vacuole and digestive enzymes are realesed to break pathogen down.
What are the differences between phagocytes and lymphocytes?
Lymphocytes attach to the antigen and destructs Pathogen. The antigen causes enzymes to split open the pathogen’s cell membrane and also tags pathogens for phagocytes
What is an Antigen?
A protein which stimulates an immune response. They are Complementary i shape
What is the definition of coagulation?
Coagulation is the Formation of a blood clot
What is the definition of Foreign?
Something which is not a part of the host organism
Features of Plants?
Multicellular
Can Photosynthesise
Cell walls made from cellulose
Store Carbs as Sucrose or Starch
Features of Animals?
Multicellular No Photosynthesis No Cell Walls Have Nervous Coordination - respond quickly to things in the environment Can Move Store Carbs as Glycogen
Features of Fungi?
Some single celled Others have a body called mycelium (made from hyphae) (thread like structure) which contains a lot of nuclei No Photosynthesis Cell Walls made from Chitin Feed via Saphotrophic Nutrition Store Carbs as Glycogen
Features of Protoctists?
Single celled and microscopic
Some have Chloroplasts and are similar to plant cells
(Chlorella)
Others more like animal cells (Ameoba)
Features of Bacteria?
Single Celled and Microspopic No Nucleus Circular Chromosome of DNA Some Photosynthesise Most feed off other organisms- living or dead
Features of Viruses?
Particles instead of cells
Can reproduce inside living cells.
Infect all types of living organisms.
Come in loads of different shapes and sizes
No cellular Strucutre (Protein Coat and DNA or RNA)
