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Biology > Ecology and The Enviroment > Flashcards

Ecology and The Enviroment Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What Is A Producer?

A

A producer is something that makes its own food

almost always a plant

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2
Q

What Is A Consumer?

A

An animal that eats another Animal

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3
Q

What Is a Predator?

A

A predator Is an Animal that cannot make its own food but needs to get food

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4
Q

What Is A Prey?

A

Prey is an animal that is eaten by another animal

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5
Q

What Is A Herbivore?

A

A Herbivore is an animal that only eats plants

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6
Q

What Is A Carnivore?

A

A Carnivore is an animal that only eats meat

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7
Q

What is A Omnivore?

A

An Omnivore is an animal that eats both meat and plants

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8
Q

What is An Autrotoph?

A

An Autrotroph is an organism that makes its own food

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9
Q

What is A Heterotroph?

A

A Heterotroph is an organism that consumes food

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10
Q

What is the order of a food chain?

A

Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, Tertiary Consumer.

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11
Q

What does A food Chain Show?

A

A Food Chain shows the feeding Relationship between different organisms in a particular enviroment

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12
Q

What do the arrows in a food chain show?

A

The transfer of energy between trophic levels

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13
Q

What is the source of all energy in the food chain?

A

The Sun

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14
Q

What is The Enviroment?

A

All the conditions that surround a living organism

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15
Q

What is the Habitat

A

A place where an Organism lives

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16
Q

What is the Population?

A

All the members of a single species that live in the habitat

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17
Q

What is the Community?

A

All the populations of the different species that live in the habitat

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18
Q

What is the Ecosystem?

A

A community and the Habitat in which the organism lives in

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19
Q

What is a Food Web?

A

A Food Web is a system of interlocking independent food chains

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20
Q

What is the Pyramid Of Numbers?

A

The Pyramid Of Numbers represents the total number of different species at each trophic level. It also shows how much a certain number of species can feed another.

21
Q

What is the Pyramids of Biomass?

A

The Biomass is the mass of living material in each trophic level.

22
Q

What are the Characteristics of The Pyramids Of Numbers?

A

.Not all pyramid of numbers have a classic Pyramid Shape
.Smaller Bar = Larger Biomass
.Represents the number of organisms
.Doesnt consider Biomass

23
Q

What are the Characteristics of The Pyramids of Biomass?

A

.Will always have a typical shape
.Pyramid of Biomass shows you the transfer of energy
.Bar represents number of Biomass

24
Q

Why does the Biomass Decrease at each Trophic Level?

A

The Biomass decreases at each trophic level because some of the energy is lost at each trophic level (90%).
This is because the Biomass is used to produce wasted compounds such as Growth Respiration etc:. This means that

25
Q

Where is energy lost in a producer?

A

30% of absorbed energy lost in photosynthesis
5% of absorbed energy lost as heat
5% of absorbed energy turned to chemical energy
50% wrong wavelength
5% reflected
5% passes through the leaf

26
Q

Where is energy lost in a primary consumer?

A

30% lost as heat (respiration)
10% used for growth
60% lost in urine and faeces (excretion)

27
Q

Why does the Biomass decrease?

A

The Biomass decreases at each trophic level because energy is lost using the Biomass to produce wasted compounds such as…
This means that the Biomass becomes smaller as there is less of it and this process repeats between each trophic level

28
Q

Is it More efficent to eat a piece of bread or meat?

A

It is more efficent to eat bread because bread is made up of yeast which means it has a higher trophic level meaning that there would be a higher Biomass as not as much energy is wasted

29
Q

What is the difference between egestion and excretion?

A

Egestion: Excretion:
Faeces Urea
Undigested Food Digested
Not made in cells Made in Cells

30
Q

How do Plants absorb the Nitrogen into their roots

A

By Active Transport of Nitrate Ions

31
Q

What is the Carbon Cycle?

A

Cycling of Carbon around the Ecosytem

32
Q

How is Photosynthesis involved in the Carbon Cycle?

A

This removes carbon dioxide from the air and fixes carbon in plant tissue.

33
Q

How is Respiration involved in the Carbon Cycle?

A

Releases Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere.

34
Q

How is Absorption and Assimilation involved in the Carbon Cycle?

A

Carbon stored in biomass is transferred to the next trophic level and assimilated in to the next organism

35
Q

How is Death and Egestion involved in the Carbon Cycle?

A

Deqath of animals leads to decomposition and Egestion releases Detritus

36
Q

How is Decomposition involved in the carnbon cycle?

A

This releases Carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as the bacteria and fungi respire.

37
Q

How is FOssilisation incvolved in the Carbon CYcle?

A

This converts the products of photosynthesis into, coal oil and gas.

38
Q

How is Combustion involved in the Carbn Cycle?

A

This converts coal, wood, oil and gas into carbon dioxide gas and water

39
Q

What drives the Water Cycle?

A

The SUn (Evaporation)

40
Q

How is Evaporation involved in the water cycle?

A

when liquid water is heated by the sun and turns into water

vapour

41
Q

How is Transpiration involved in the water cycle?

A

The evaporation and diffusion of water vapour out of the

42
Q

How is run off involved in the water cycle?

A

water which has precipitated runs off into streams and rivers where it
then returns to the sea

43
Q

How is Precipitation involved in the water cycle?

A

the process in which water (in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or
hail) falls from clouds in the sky

44
Q

How is COndensation involved in the water cycle?

A

-the process in which water vapour (a gas) in the air turns into
liquid water. As water starts to condense it forms clouds in the sky.

45
Q

How is Absorption involved in the water cycle?

A

plants and animals absorb water, which is necessary for metabolic
processes.

46
Q

What are the three forms of nitrogen that involved in the Nitrogen cycle?

A

Nitrogen Gas - N2
Nitrates- NO-3
Ammonium Ions- NH4+

47
Q

Explain how the Carbon CYcle Works and draw a diagram?

A
  1. ) Starts with Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere
  2. ) There is only one way that Carbon can enter the carbon cycle. (Via Photosynthesis). The Carbon is used to make Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats (Makes up the cells of Plants and Algae).
  3. ) Plants and animals can be Aerobically Respire letting carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere
  4. ) When Plants and Algae have the Carbon. Animals feed on Plants and Algae therefore also gaining Carbon
  5. ) Just like Plants animals Respire letting Carbon go back into the atmosphere
  6. ) Animals decompose leaving Carbon in dead waste and remains
  7. ) These are the broke down by Decomposing microorganisms (They also release mineral Ions into the soil) and when decomposing microorganism respire. The Carbon in the waste returns as CO2
  8. ) Under Certain Conditions (lack of oxygen etc:) Decomposers cannot function effectively
  9. ) Carbon in dead remains can slowly be converted into fossil fuels
  10. ) Because of this over millions of years carbon will be trapped underground as fossil fuels
  11. ) Fossil Fuels are used for combustion releasing Carbon Dioxide into the atmospher
48
Q

Why is the Nitrogen Cycle important?

A

Needed for nutrition in crops

49
Q

Explain the Nitrogen Cycle and give an explanation?

A
  1. ) Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria converts Nitrogen in the air to Nitrogen in the soil
  2. ) Nitrates absorbed by Plants and then used to make amino Acids (However Some Denytrfying Bacteria in the soil break down nitrates into nitrogen gas which return to the air)
  3. ) Amino Acids passes into the animals when they have eaten plants
  4. ) Nitrogen remain in waste products and dead remains when animals die which goes to the soil
  5. ) Decomposing Bacteria converts Nitrogen into Ammonia
  6. ) Nitrifying Bacteria converts Ammonia into nitrates

Biology (24 decks)

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