Human Gas Exchange and Human Transport Flashcards
Where are the lungs located?
Behind the rib cage in the thorax.
What is the function of Ribs?
Protects the lungs
What is the purpose of the Trachea?
Covered in tiny hairs called. Cillia which is used to remove dirt and microbes that are trapped in mucus. Surrounded by c shaped rings of cartilage to help keep it open. Walls made up of muscle and lined with cillia.
What is Breathing?
Breathing is the process that moves in air in and out of the lungs. Aka Ventilation
What is Gas Exchange?
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the lung surface area via diffusion
What is Respiration?
Respiration is the chemical process which releases energy in every living cell. The energy is stored in Glucose molecules through producing ATP
What does the Bell Jar Model Show?
How the lungs breathe. Shown when internal intercostal muscles contract and therefore expanding ribcage and diaphragm.
Why is this a good model?
It shows how the muscles move in and out
It shows the same muscular movement of the lungs
Why is this a bad model?
Glass is a different material to our ribs
Glass has a different structure
Inhalation
Diaphragm contracts and flattens in shape. The external intercostal muscles contract which means the ribs move upwards and outwards. The volume of the thorax therefore increases which means that the air pressure decreases. As a result air enters the body. Then the diaphragm relaxes and returns to a domed shape. Pushes upon the lungs. The internal intercostal muscles relax allowing the ribs to drop back down. If breathing hard the external intercostal muscles contract helping the ribs to move down. Therefore the volume of the thorax decreases. Causing the air pressure to increase making air leave the lungs.
What is the definition of Diffusion?
The net movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration.through a partially permeable membrane until a dynamic eqiulibrium is reached.
What is the Purpose of the Alveoli?
They are the site of gas exchange.
Name one 4 adaptations of the alveoli and explanation?
.Large SA;V –> Increase in alveoli = Greater chance of diffusion
. Very thin One cell thick cell wall = Provides a short diffusion pathway
. Moist Lining -> gases to dissolve and then diffuse across the lining
.Good Supply of Blood -> As there is a 360 capillary network that maintains a conc. gradient.
Smoking 3 substances and effect on Body?
Carbon Monoxide- Combines with haemoglobin lowers chance of oxegyn bindinhg
Nicotine- A highly addictive drug which acts which acts like a stimulant which increases heart rate
Tar- Contains carcinogens
Emphysema
Emphysema- Alveoli burst -> Decrease gas exchange due to reduced surface area -> Thickening of the alveoli diffusion pathway -> gaseous exchange slowed dowm
