Cellular Transport Y9 Flashcards
What is the definition of Diffusion?
This is the net movement of particles from a high to low concentration through a partially permeable membrane until a dynamic equilibrium is reached.
What is the definition of Osmosis?
The movement of water from a high to a low concentration through a partially permeable membrane until a dynamic equilibrium is reached
What is the definition of Active Transport?
This is the net movement of molecules or ions from a low to high concentration gradient.
How are the molecules and ions able to move to a high concentration gradient in Active Transport?
It uses energy from respiration and carrier proteins.
What is an example of Diffusion?
Oxygen from the air into the blood in the alveoli
What is an example of Osmosis?
Water from the soil in the root hair cell
Water from the colon into the blood
What is an example of Active Transport?
Mineral ions from the soil into the root hair cell
What are the four factors affecting Diffusion?
Temperature
Surface Area
Conc. Gradient
Diffusion Pathway
Explanation of Temp affecting Diffusion?
Increased Kinetic Energy
Particles move faster
A greater proportion of successful collisions per s
Explanation of SA affecting Diffusion?
Greater area for particles to move across
More Particles move across
Increases the chances of successful collisions
Explanantion of Conc. Gradient affecting Diffusion?
Greater difference in concentration
Greater Chance in particles colliding
Explanation of Diffusion Pathway affecting Diffusion?
Shorter distance for particles to move
Explanation of diffusion of Oxygen?
O2 is moved by diffusion into the red blood cells from high concentration outside the cell to a low concentration inside the red blood cell until a dynamic equilibrium
Explanation of Osmosis of Water? (Into a Potato)
Water is moved by osmosis from a high water potential in the solution to low water potential in the potato cell until a dynamic equilibrium is reached
Explanation of Active Transport of Nitrate Ions? (Into a root Hair Cell)
Nitrate Ions are moved by active transport into the root hair cell against a concentration gradient using ENERGY (ATP) from respiration and a carrier protein. (Low Concentration Gradient to a High Concentration Gradient)
What does the Sa;Vol Ratio show us?
How efficiently cells can move food water nutrients and gases in and out of the substance through a partially permeable membrane
How to calculate the Sa:Vol?
Find the area of one square
Times it by 6
Find the volume (LxWxH)
Then simplify the ratio
Example of Temperature affecting the rate of reaction?
Body Temp at 37c increases the rate of reaction within the body
Example of Surface Area affecting the rate of reaction?
Villi/microvilli in the illeum Millions of Tiny Alevoli
Example of Concentration Gradient affecting the rate of reaction?
Ventilation of Lungs/ flow of blood in the alveoli
Example of Diffusion Pathway affecting the rate of reaction?
Wall of alveolus one cell thick Wall of villus one cell thick
f the solution is more concentrated (lower water potential) than the potato, What will happen to the water?
The Water will move out of the potato and into the solution by osmosis
If the solution is less concentrated (higher water potential) than the potato, What will happent to the water?
The water will move out of the potato and into the solution by Osmosis
Similarities and Differencs between Osmosis and Diffusion?
Sim: High to Low Conc. Is passive
Diff: Osmosis involves water and focuses on how water enters or leaves the cell whereas Diffusion can focus on on how O2 moves into or out of a cell.
Similarities and Dfferences between Diffusion and Active Transport?
Involves transport of Molecules or Ions
AT is against a conc. gradient
AT requires energy
Similarities and Differences between Active Transport and Osmosis?
Needs a Semi-Permeable
Osmosis Involves Water Only
AT requires energy (ATP)
Results of Osmosis in Animal Cells?
Osmosis into the cell causes Lysis (cell bursts) - no cell wall
Osmosis out of the cell causes cell Shrivels
Results of Osmosis in a Plant Cell?
Osmosis into a plant cell helps prevent lysis
Osmosis out of the plant cell leads to Falccidness
What is a Partially Permeable Membrane?
Only let certain solutes molecules through. If the molecule is larger than the pores in the membrane it will not be able to diffuse across it. Cell membranes are good examples of PPMs.
What happens if the potato and solution are isotonic?
There will be no net change in mass
