Plant Reproduction Y10 Flashcards
How many parents are involved in Asexual Reproduction?
1
How many parents are involved in Sexual Reproduction?
2
What are the genes of the plants produced in Sexual Reproduction?
Genetically Varied Offspring
What are the genes of the plants produced in Asexual Reproduction?
Creates genetically identical offspring
Is cell division Involved in Sexual Reproduction?
Meiosis to make male and female gametes then mitosis following the fusing of gametes at fertilisation
Is cell division involved in Asexual Reproduction?
Uses mitosis only
What is Meiosis?
Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes. A human body cell contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. Human gametes are haploid – so their nucleus only contains a single set of 23 unpaired chromosomes.
Example of Sexual Reproduction?
Many Plants and Animals
Example of Asexual Reproduction?
More common in plants (although some animals do e.g. Green Hydra)
What is the Survival Value in Sexual Reproduction?
In Changing Environment
What is the Survival Value in Asexual Reproduction?
In Stable Environment
What is Pollination?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant.
What is Self Pollination?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant.
If this occurs within the same flower
What is Cross Pollintation?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant. If this pollen is transferred to the stigma of a different flower
What are the petals like in Insect Pollinated plants?
Large and colourful to attract
insects
What are petals like in Wind Pollinated plants?
Small & dull colours
*Beware – colour can’t be seen in a
B&W test
What is the position of the stigma in Insect Pollinated plants?
Enclosed within the flower so that
insect brushes past and deposits
pollen
What is the position of the stigma in Wind pollinated plants?
Hangs outside of the flower so
that it catches pollen on the wind
Details about the stigma in Insect Pollinated plants?
Sticky in order to collect pollen
from the insect
Details about the stigma in Wind Pollinated plants
Large and feathery in order to
catch pollen on the wind
Position of the anthers and why? for Insect Pollinated plants?
Enclosed within the flower (NB
NOT the plant) so that insect
brushes past and picks up pollen
Position of the anther and why? for Wind pollinated plants?
Hangs outside of the flower so
that wind blows pollen away
What are pollen grains like for insect Pollination?
Large and hooked grains in order
to attach to the insect
What are Pollen grains like for wind Pollinated plants?
Large amount of small, light pollen
What is the process of Pollination?
Each Pollen grain grows a pollen tube which digests it’s way down the style to the ovule using enzymes. It grows around the ovary to the opneing of the ovule. The tip dissolves and the pollen grain nucleus moves out the tube into the ovule. The male pollen grain nucleus fertillises the female ovum nucleus. The fertillised ovum is called a zygote.
What is the definition of Pollintation?
Pollination transfers pollen grain to the stigma
What is the definition of Fertillisation?
Fertilisation is the fusion of
the male and female
gamete to produce a
zygote.
What following things occur after fertillisation?
The ovule becomes a seed
The ovule wall becomes the seed coat (testa)
The ovary becomes a fruit
The ovary wall becomes the fruit coat
How are seeds dispersed?
By wind (e.g. sycamore seed), by water (e.g. coconut), by animals (e.g. raspberry)
Why are seeds dispersed?
To reduce competition for light/mineral ions/water with parent plant and other
offspring
wHERE DOES SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN Plants occur?
Ovule
Where do Embryos devlelop in plants (Sexual Reproduction)?
Seed
Where is the female gamete in plants?
Ovule
Where is the male gamete in plants made?
Anther
When are seeds dispersed?
When they are dry
What factors are needed for germination?
Warmth, Oxygen and Water
How does Warm Temperature affect germination?
Increase kinetic energy so that rate of
reaction is high
How does Water affect Germination?
Activate enzymes that break down food
reserves in the seed
How does Oxygen affect Germination?
For aerobic respiration which provides
energy for growth
Explain the process of Germination?
Food reserves in the seed are broken down, providing glucose for respiration.
The radicle grows downwards, to absorb water and mineral ions
The plumule grows upwards, allowing leaves to absorb light. Once the small
plant is able to photosynthesis, germination is over.
