valve disease Flashcards
what is valve incompetance?
unable to shut properly
what is valve stenosis?
narrowing of valve opening
which valves are most likely to fail and why?
mitral and aortic
under most pressure
what groups is valve disease common in?
elderly, downs
why is valve disease often unnoticed in the elderly?
less active
what can cause valve disease?
congenital abnormality myocardial infarction -papillary muscle rupture rheumatic fever -immune reaction to streptococci, can lead to infective endocarditis due to vegetative growths dilation of the aortic root -syphilis -aneurysm formation
what congenital abnormality causes valve disease?
bicuspid aortic valve
- causes symptoms of heart failure in teenage years
- usually replaced
what are the 4 valves?
left
-aortic, mitral
right
-pulmonary, tricuspid
what is the treatment for failure?
prosthetic valves
how is valve disease investigated?
ultrasound
when are valves replaced?
before there is evidence of heart failure to give highest long term success
describe a metal valve?
long clinical life-30 years
warfarin anticoagulant
antibiotic prophylaxis
ticking noise
describe a tissue valve
shorter clinical life
antibiotic prophylaxis
silent
no need for anticoagulants
how is endocarditis prevented dentally?
remove causes of oral sepsis
improve patients OHI
improve prevention of oral disease