valve disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is valve incompetance?

A

unable to shut properly

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2
Q

what is valve stenosis?

A

narrowing of valve opening

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3
Q

which valves are most likely to fail and why?

A

mitral and aortic

under most pressure

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4
Q

what groups is valve disease common in?

A

elderly, downs

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5
Q

why is valve disease often unnoticed in the elderly?

A

less active

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6
Q

what can cause valve disease?

A
congenital abnormality
myocardial infarction
-papillary muscle rupture
rheumatic fever
-immune reaction to streptococci, can lead to infective endocarditis due to vegetative growths
dilation of the aortic root
-syphilis
-aneurysm formation
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7
Q

what congenital abnormality causes valve disease?

A

bicuspid aortic valve

  • causes symptoms of heart failure in teenage years
  • usually replaced
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8
Q

what are the 4 valves?

A

left
-aortic, mitral
right
-pulmonary, tricuspid

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9
Q

what is the treatment for failure?

A

prosthetic valves

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10
Q

how is valve disease investigated?

A

ultrasound

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11
Q

when are valves replaced?

A

before there is evidence of heart failure to give highest long term success

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12
Q

describe a metal valve?

A

long clinical life-30 years
warfarin anticoagulant
antibiotic prophylaxis
ticking noise

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13
Q

describe a tissue valve

A

shorter clinical life
antibiotic prophylaxis
silent
no need for anticoagulants

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14
Q

how is endocarditis prevented dentally?

A

remove causes of oral sepsis
improve patients OHI
improve prevention of oral disease

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