endocarditis

Question 1

what is infective endocarditis?

Answer 1

infection of the endocardium

usually on the valves

Question 2

what is endocarditis caused by?

Answer 2

microbial colonisation of thrombi on endocardial surface abnormalities
many organisms implicated

Question 3

how can dental work cause endocarditis?

Answer 3

oral bacteria (streptococci) implicated

Question 4

what are the 4 stages of infective endocarditis?

Answer 4

1. bacterial entry
2. bacterial adherence to damaged endothelium and microthrombi
3. bacterial proliferation, neutrophil and macrophage infiltration
4. vegetation formation

Question 5

what are the signs/symptoms of endocarditis?

Answer 5

fever
heart murmur
emolic phenomena 
skin manifestations
splenomegaly
septic complications
mycotic aneurysm

Question 6

what are the effects of endocarditis?

Answer 6

prolonged antibiotics

cardiac valve damage- dysfunction

Question 7

which cardiac px are not a risk?

Answer 7

CABG
anigioplasty/stent
hypokinetic cardiac muscle
implanted pacemaker/defib

Question 8

what dental procedures are a risk?

Answer 8

procedures involving manipulation of the dento-gingival junction and causing bacteraemia

• extractions
• perio therapy
• gingival surgery
• implants
• rest. with matrix

Question 9

what should the dentist do for risk px?

Answer 9

identify them
prevention of oral disease
OHI
possible antibiotic prophylaxis

Question 10

what is the biggest risk factor for endocarditis?

Answer 10

past endocarditis