renal replacement

Question 1

what are the renal functions?

Answer 1

excretory
water & electrolyte balance
acid base balance
renal endocrine function
-erythropoietin
-ca metabolism
-renin secretion

Question 2

what is dialysis?

Answer 2

passive process
diffusion across conc. gradients
allows intermittent correction of changes in plasma conc. of small molecules

Question 3

what are the 2 types of dialysis

Answer 3

haemodialysis

peritoneal dialysis

Question 4

describe haemodialysis

Answer 4

blood pumped from fistula into dialyzer
waste products filter from blood through artificial membrane into a dialysate fluid
purified blood pumped back into fistula

Question 5

describe peritoneal dialysis

Answer 5

implanted peritoneal catheter
dialysis solution in catheter, peritoneum acts as membrane,
drain
can make normal lifestyle
less restrictive
can travel

Question 6

what is involved in renal endocrine replacement?

Answer 6

erythropoietin
-EPO injections
-maintains red cell mass
bone mass maintenance
-vit D supplement
-osteoporosis prevention
hypertension control
-renin-angiotensin system inactive
-ace inhibitors

Question 7

describe renal transplant?

Answer 7

optimal tx
normal renal function
no dietary restrictions
normal energy/fertility
HLA matched

Question 8

what problems can occur with transplant?

Answer 8

rejection-acute/chronic
immunosuppression
-infection/malignancy risk
high cardiovascular mortality
osteoporosis risk

Question 9

what dental considerations are there with renal dialysis

Answer 9

treat after haemodialysis sessions
liase with physician for drugs
never use shunt
no complicated tx sessions

Question 10

what interactions/complications can happen with renal transplant

Answer 10

prednisolone
azathroprine
tacrolimus
cyclosporin
steroid side effects
increased cancer risks
-oral mucosal lesions sus