respiratory drugs Flashcards
how can resp drugs be administered?
inhalation
oral
iv
what drugs improve airway patency? (improve ventilation)
bronchodilators eg B2 agonist, anticholinergic -relax tone of SM allowing airway to open anti-inflammatory eg corticosteroid -reduce oedema, reduce mucus production can be combined
what drugs prevent mast cell degranulation?
chromoglycate
-reduces release of inflammatory mediators, prevents airway narrowing
leukotriene receptor antagonists
what drugs impair ventilation?
b-blockers -make airway more narrow respiratory depressants -benzodiazepines -opioids -reduce breathing stimulus
what drugs improve gas exchange?
oxygen
what are the 2 types of inhaled drug delivery?
meter dose inhaler (MDI) -fires into oropharynx- a lot deposited breath activated device -spinhaler -turbohaler
what can be use to aid inhaled drug delivery?
nebuliser
-liquid form compressed and breathed, can be easier during attack
spacer
-MDI fired into chamber then inhaled
what is the function of B agonists?
relieve the symptoms of asthma
describe short acting b agonists
for acute attack(bronchial constriction salbutamol (blue) terbutaline (blue) quick onset (2-3 mins) lasts 4-6 hours any route
describe long acting b agonists
preventative salmeterol (Green) slow onset (1-2 hours) lasts 12-15 hours inhaled always used with inhaled steroid
what are anticholinergics?
inhibit muscarinic nerve transmission in autonomic nerves
additive effect in bronchial dilation with b agonists and effective in reducing mucus secretion
eg ipratropium
what are the corticosteroid inhalers and their function?
reduce inflammation in the bronchial walls beclomethasone budesonide fluticasone mometasone
what are compound preparations?
inhaled steroid with long acting b agonist
fostair
seretide
symbicort
